Resultados a largo plazo de la cirugía de revascularización coronaria según la presencia o no de enfermedad del tronco de la arteria coronaria izquierda / Long-term Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery According to the Presence or Absence of Left Main Coronary Artery Disease

RESUMEN Introducción: La cirugía de revascularización miocárdica (CRM) ha modificado la evolución natural de los pacientes con enfermedad de tronco de la arteria coronaria izquierda (TCI). En nuestro medio es escasa la información relacionada con el seguimiento a mediano y largo plazo de los pacientes intervenidos. Objetivo: Evaluar la implicancia de la enfermedad del TCI en la evolución alejada de los pacientes intervenidos con CRM, y conocer la mortalidad e incidencia de infarto de miocardio (IAM) y/o accidente cerebrovascular (ACV). Resultados: El seguimiento se completó en 438 pacientes (95,6%) con una mediana de 58 meses [Rango intercuartilo (RIC) 35-88 meses]. La sobrevida actuarial fue a 10 años del 91,8% para toda la población, sin diferencias significativas entre el grupo TCI (91,57%) vs. el grupo no TCI (91,86%), HR 1,008, IC95% 0,38-2,65, p=0,98. En el análisis multivariado se encontraron como predictores de mortalidad alejada la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda preoperatoria (HR 0,95, IC 95% 0,93-0,97, p<0,001), la edad (HR 1,1, IC 95% 1,04-1,13, p< 0,001) y la prioridad no electiva de la cirugía (HR = 3,71; IC 95%: 1,3-10,35; p = 0,01). La sobrevida libre de IAM fue del 96,8% (TCI 94% vs. no TCI 97,4%, p= 0,8) y la libertad de ACV fue del 98% (TCI 97,8% vs. no TCI 98,1%, p= 0,8). Conclusión: En los pacientes sometidos a CRM, la presencia de enfermedad del TCI no incrementó la tasa de eventos duros (muerte, IAM y ACV) en el seguimiento alejado. Los resultados obtenidos en esta serie de pacientes son similares a los publicados en la bibliografía internacional utilizada para desarrollar las guías de revascularización miocárdica.

ABSTRACT Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has modified the natural evolution of patients with left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease. There is little information in our setting regarding the mid- and long-term follow-up of operated patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the implication of LMCA disease in the long-term evolution of patients operated on with CABG, and to assess the mortality and incidence of myocardial infarction (AMI) and/or stroke. Results: Follow-up was completed in 438 patients (95.6%) with a median of 58 months [interquartile range (IQR) 35-88 months]. Actuarial survival at 10 years was 91.8% for the entire population, with no significant differences between the LMCA group (91.57%) vs. the non-LMCA group (91.86%), HR 1,008 95% CI 0.38-2.65, p=0.98. In multivariate analysis, preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (HR = 0.95; 95% CI 0.93-0.97; p < 0.001), age (HR 1.1, 95% CI 1.04-1.13, p<0.001) and non-elective priority of surgery (HR=3.71; 95% CI 1.3-10.35; p=0.01) were independent predictors of long-term mortality. AMI-free survival was 96.8% (LMCA 94% vs. non-LMCA 97.4%, p=0.8) and freedom from stroke was 98% (LMCA 97.8% vs. non-LMCA 98.1 %, p=0.8). Conclusion: In patients undergoing CABG, the presence of LMCA disease did not increase the rate of hard events (death, AMI, and stroke) at the long-term follow-up. The results obtained in this series of patients are similar to those published in the international literature used to develop myocardial revascularization guidelines.

La edad avanzada en forma aislada no constituye una limitación para el reemplazo valvular aórtico quirúrgico / Old Age Alone is not a Limitation for Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement

RESUMEN Introducción: El reemplazo quirúrgico de la válvula aórtica (REEAO) en pacientes con valvulopatía aórtica grave sintomática, es el tratamiento definido como el de referencia. Sin embargo, el implante valvular aórtico transcatéter (TAVI) se posiciona actualmente como una alternativa en pacientes de diferentes riesgos según los scores internacionales. Algunas guías consideran al TAVI como el procedimiento preferible en los pacientes añosos. Objetivos: Conocer el riesgo y resultados de morbimortalidad del REEAO en pacientes adultos clasificados según la edad en mayores de 75 años, o de 75 años o menos. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo sobre 228 pacientes consecutivos intervenidos mediante REEAO entre el 1 de enero de 2011 y el 31 de diciembre de 2020 por valvulopatía aórtica grave sintomática. Del total de pacientes operados, 46 (16%) eran mayores de 75 años (Grupo 1, G1) y 182 pacientes (84%) tenían 75 años o menos (Grupo 2, G2). Se excluyeron pacientes con enfermedad coronaria concomitante, endocarditis bacteriana u otras valvulopatías asociadas. Resultados: Los pacientes del G1 tenían mayor riesgo de morbimortalidad quirúrgica analizado por scores de riesgo validados: ArgenSCORE de 1,55 (RIC 0,99-3,33) vs 1,08 (RIC 0,68-2,23), p = 0,02 y STS score de 2,33 (RIC 1,57-3,23) vs. 0,94 (RIC 0,721,44), p = 0,0001, con respecto al G2; no se encontraron en cambio diferencias significativas en el EuroSCORE II : 2,37 (RIC 1,19-3,61) vs. 1,83 (RIC 1,16-3,04), p = 0,2. La mortalidad registrada global fue del 1,7% (G1: 2,1% vs. G2: 1,6% , p NS); no se observaron accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) ni infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM) perioperatorios. Conclusiones: La escasa presentación de muerte, ACV e IAM sugiere que el tratamiento seleccionado para estos pacientes fue adecuado, con excelentes resultados sin diferencias entre los dos grupos etarios.

ABSTRACT Background: Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is the reference treatment in patients with symptomatic severe aortic valve disease. However, according to international scores, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is currently an alternative in different risk patients, and some guidelines consider TAVI as a preferable procedure in elderly patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess SAVR morbidity and mortality risk and results in adult patients, classified according to age as >75 years or ≤75 years. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 228 consecutive patients undergoing SAVR between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2020 for symptomatic severe aortic valve disease. Among the total number of patients operated on, 46 (16%) were >75 years (Group 1, G1) and 182 (84%) were ≤75 years (Group 2, G2). Patients with concomitant coronary heart disease, bacterial endocarditis or other associated valve diseases were excluded from the analysis. Results: Group 1 patients had greater risk of surgical morbidity and mortality analyzed by validated risk scores: ArgenSCORE 1.55 (IQR 0.99-3.33) vs 1.08 (IQR 0.68-2.23), p = 0.02 and STS score 2.33 (IQR 1.57-3.23) vs. 0.94 (IQR 0.72-1.44), p = 0.0001, with respect to G2, while no significant differences were found for EuroSCORE II: 2.37 (IQR 1.19-3.61) vs. 1.83 (IQR 1.163.04), p = 0.2. Overall mortality was 1.7% (G1: 2.1% vs. G2: 1.6%, p=NS), with no perioperative stroke or acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Conclusions: The low number of deaths, stroke and AMI observed suggests that the selected treatment for these patients was adequate, with excellent results and without significant differences between these two age groups.

Bronchogenic cyst in an unusual location.

Bronchogenic cysts are congenital anomalies of the respiratory tract, which can affect children or adults. In adults, these cysts may be asymptomatic or present with symptoms, most often pain or cough. Intrapericardial cysts are rare and represent 27% of bronchogenic cysts. We present the case of a symptomatic adult with an intrapericardial bronchogenic cyst, who underwent surgical resection of the cyst, which successfully relieved his symptoms.

CABG With Internal Thoracic Artery in Children With Congenital Heart Defects: A Good Option When It Is the Only One.

OBJECTIVE: Coronary complications may present during or after repair of congenital heart defects. We report coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) by internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafts to either coronary artery in children with congenital anomalies. METHODS: Four cases who underwent CABG with ITA grafts from March 2016 to March 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: At the time of operation, patient's ages and weight were 7 and 20 months old and 14 and 15 years old and 6.5, 10, 40, and 45 kg, respectively. Diagnosis were anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery with leftward lateral ostial origin (n = 1), neopulmonary annulus hypoplasia post arterial switch with contiguous right coronary artery (RCA) arising from the left facing sinus (n = 1), RCA stenosis after the Ross procedure (n = 1), and right coronary ostial obstruction after aortic valve replacement in truncus arteriosus (n = 1). Procedures included left ITA to left coronary ostium (n = 1), right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) enlargement with pulmonary valve replacement with left ITA to RCA (n = 1), RVOT enlargement with pulmonary valve replacement with right ITA to RCA (n = 1), and aortic valve re-replacement, pulmonary valve replacement, and right ITA to RCA (n = 1). At last follow-up, all four patients were asymptomatic, with normal ventricular function, and all grafts were patent. CONCLUSIONS: The use of CABG in children is valuable alternative when dealing with complex coronary anatomy not suitable for classic repairs. In children, graft patency is required to be longer than 50 years; therefore, use of arterial grafts seems mandatory.

Implicancia de la enfermedad del tronco de coronaria izquierda en los resultados de la cirugía de revascularización miocárdica / Implication of Left Main Coronary Artery Disease on Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Results

RESUMEN Introducción: La cirugía de revascularización miocárdica (CRM) ha sido el abordaje indicado para el tratamiento de la lesión del tronco de la coronaria izquierda (TCI), siendo la angioplastia coronaria (ATC) un tratamiento alternativo en un grupo muy seleccionado de pacientes. Sin embargo, los criterios de no inferioridad de los resultados de la ATC en términos de mortalidad e infarto de miocardio (IAM) en el seguimiento a mediano plazo es tema de discusión actual. Objetivo: Evaluar las características clínicas, funcionales y angiográficas de los pacientes sometidos a CRM con y sin TCI, y las implicancias de morbimortalidad halladas. Material y métodos: Se sometió a 458 pacientes consecutivos a CRM; 187 (40.82%) presentaban TCI. El grupo con TCI tenía un perfil de riesgo mayor: ArgenScore: 2.78 (1.55-5.9) vs 2.78 (1.95-7) p=0.03, STS score: 0.85 (0.55-1.8) vs 0.77 (0.5-1.17) p=0.01 y EuroSCORE II: 2.2 (1.35-3.97) vs 1.75 (1.08-2.9) p=0.04 respecto al grupo sin TCI. Resultados: A pesar del mayor riesgo esperado no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en mortalidad 3.2% vs 1.1%, IAM 2.6% vs 1.1% y ACV 1% vs 0.3% en los dos grupos. En el análisis multivariado el TCI no fue predictor de morbimortalidad (HR = 2.1; IC 95% 0.70-6.23; p = 0.18) e identifico positivamente a la fracción de eyección preoperatoria (HR = 0.96; IC 95%: 0.93-0.99; p = 0.040) y la cirugía no programada (HR = 3.44; IC 95%: 1.60-7.41; p = 0.002). Conclusiones: en nuestra experiencia los pacientes intervenidos con CRM el TCI no es predictor de muerte, IAM y/o ACV.

ABSTRACT Background: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) has been the indicated approach for the treatment of left main coronary artery disease (LMCA), with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) as an alternative treatment in a highly selected group of patients. However, the non-inferiority criteria of PCI outcomes in terms of mortality and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the mid-term follow-up are currently subject of debate. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, functional and angiographic characteristics of patients undergoing CABG with and without LMCA disease, and the implications of morbidity and mortality encountered. Methods: A total of 458 consecutive patients underwent CABG; 187 (40.82%) presented LMCA disease. This group had a higher risk profile compared with the group without LMCA disease: ArgenSCORE: 2.78 (1.55-5.9) vs. 2.78 (1.95-7); p=0.03, STS score: 0.85 (0.55-1.8) vs. 0.77 (0.5-1.17); p=0.01 and EuroSCORE II: 2.2 (1.35-3.97) vs. 1.75 (1.08-2.9); p=0.04. Results: Despite the higher expected risk, there were no statistically significant differences in mortality (3.2% vs. 1.1%), AMI (2.6% vs. 1.1%) and stroke (1% vs. 0.3%) in the two groups. In the multivariate analysis, LMCA disease was not a predictor of morbidity and mortality (HR=2.1; 95% CI 0.70-6.23; p=0.18) and positively identified the preoperative ejection fraction (HR=0.96; 95% CI 0.93-0.99; p=0.040) and non-programmed surgery (HR=3.44; 95% CI 1.60-7.41; p=0.002). Conclusions: In our experience, LMCA disease in patients undergoing CABG is not a predictor of death, AMI and/or stroke.

Septal myectomy and mitral plication through a transaortic approach.

Currently, the gold standard treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in its obstructive variant is a wide septal myectomy through a transaortic approach. In some cases, where mitral regurgitation is added to septal hypertrophy due to systolic anterior movement of the anterior leaflet, concomitant procedures are proposed for the resolution of both. In this tutorial, we present a case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with associated systolic anterior movement that was resolved with septal resection and plication of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve via a transaortic approach.

Experiencia inicial en un centro único del uso de neocuerdas preformadas en reparación mitral / Experience with Premeasured Chordal Loops for Mitral Valve Repair: A Uselful and Reproducible Technique?

RESUMEN Introducción: La reparación de la válvula mitral ha demostrado superioridad por sobre el reemplazo valvular en el tratamiento de la insuficiencia mitral degenerativa. Objetivo: El propósito de este trabajo es demostrar la utilización de neocuerdas de politetrafluoroetileno expandido preformadas para la realización de una plástica mitral exitosa. Material y métodos: Entre marzo y diciembre del 2018 se intervinieron 13 pacientes con insuficiencia mitral grave quirúrgica por enfermedad degenerativa con criterios quirúrgicos a los cuales se les implantó cuerdas nuevas preformadas para la reparación mitral en el Hospital Universitario Austral. Resultados: Se repararon en forma exitosa la insuficiencia mitral grave a los 13 pacientes colocando neocuerdas preformadas en la valva posterior en 6 pacientes; en la valva anterior, en 4 pacientes; y, en ambas valvas, en 3 pacientes. Conclusiones: Las neocuerdas de politetrafluoroetileno permitieron realizar la plástica reparadora de la insuficiencia mitral en forma satisfactoria, segura y reproducible para el prolapso de cualquier segmento valvular mitral.

ABSTRACT Background: Mitral valve repair has demonstrated better outcomes compared with valve replacement for the treatment of degenerative mitral regurgitation. Objective: The aim of this study is to show the experience with premeasured expanded polytetrafluoroethylene chordal loops for successful mitral valve repair. Methods: Between May and December 2018, 13 patients with severe mitral regurgitation caused by degenerative disease with indication for surgery underwent mitral valve repair at the Hospital Universitario Austral. Results: The procedure was successful in the 13 patients. Chordal loops were applied to the anterior leaflet in 4 patients, to the posterior leaflet in 6 patients and to both anterior and posterior leaflets in 3 patients.

Loss of dystrophin is associated with increased myocardial stiffness in a model of left ventricular hypertrophy.

Transition from compensated to decompensated left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is accompanied by functional and structural changes. Here, the aim was to evaluate dystrophin expression in murine models and human subjects with LVH by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and aortic stenosis (AS), respectively. We determined whether doxycycline (Doxy) prevented dystrophin expression and myocardial stiffness in mice. Additionally, ventricular function recovery was evaluated in patients 1 year after surgery. Mice were subjected to TAC and monitored for 3 weeks. A second group received Doxy treatment after TAC. Patients with AS were stratified by normal left ventricular end-diastolic wall stress (LVEDWS) and high LVEDWS, and groups were compared. In mice, LVH decreased inotropism and increased myocardial stiffness associated with a dystrophin breakdown and a decreased mitochondrial O2 uptake (MitoMVO2). These alterations were attenuated by Doxy. Patients with high LVEDWS showed similar results to those observed in mice. A correlation between dystrophin and myocardial stiffness was observed in both mice and humans. Systolic function at 1 year post-surgery was only recovered in the normal-LVEDWS group. In summary, mice and humans present diastolic dysfunction associated with dystrophin degradation. The recovery of ventricular function was observed only in patients with normal LVEDWS and without dystrophin degradation. In mice, Doxy improved MitoMVO2. Based on our results it is concluded that the LVH with high LVEDWS is associated to a degradation of dystrophin and increase of myocardial stiffness. At least in a murine model these alterations were attenuated after the administration of a matrix metalloprotease inhibitor.

Severe aortic stenosis with preserved ejection fraction and evidence of impairment in structure, myocardial strain and ventricular function: A new contribution to clinical decision making.

BACKGROUND: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is among the parameters that are usually employed to define surgical timing of severe aortic stenosis (AS). Our hypothesis states that even when their LVEF is preserved, patients with severe symptomatic AS have impaired myocardial structure and function, and such impairment is related to the deleterious progression of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) from the compensated to the decompensated stage, as shown by the changes in diastolic function and the increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 26 patients with severe AS and LVEF > 50% referred for aortic valve replacement underwent catheterization, echocardiography and an intraoperative biopsy. Patients with severe symptomatic AS were classified as: group 1 (G1; compensated LVH, LVEDP < 15 mm Hg without coronary artery disease [CAD], n = 7), group 2a (G2a, decompensated LVH, without CAD, n = 7), and group 2b (G2b, decompensated LVH with CAD, n = 12). Differences were seen in the following: myocyte area [µm2]: G1: 328 ± 66, G2a: 376 ± 22, G2b: 385 ± 13, p < 0.01; collagen volume [%]: G1: 4.77 ± 1.27, G2a: 8.40 ± 1.27, G2b: 11.05 ± 3.08, p < 0.01; LVEDP normalized by diastolic diameter [mm Hg/mm]: G1: 0.27 ± 0.01, G2a: 0.39 ± 0.06, G2b: 0.44 ± 0.11, p < 0.02; +dP/dtmax/LVEDP [mm Hg/s/mm Hg]: G1: 176 ± 45, G2a: 89.6 ± 20, G2b: 113.1 ± 41, p < 0.01; two-dimensional peak systolic longitudinal strain [%]: G1: ­17.7 ± 4.75, G2a: ­13.4 ± 3.04, G2b: ­13.5 ± 3.13, p < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with severe symptomatic AS and preserved ejection fraction who develop decompensated LVH characterized by increased LVEDP, exhibit an abnormal myocardial structure and diastolic and systolic impairment.

Relación entre el strain rate y la estructura miocárdica en la estenosis aórtica grave / Relationship between Strain Rate and Myocardial Structure in Severe Aortic Stenosis

Introducción: En la estenosis aórtica sintomática grave (EASG), la alteración del strain global longitudinal sistólico (SGLS) tendría correlación con las modificaciones de la histoarquitectura y podría identificar compromiso contráctil temprano en pacientes con fracción de eyección conservada (FEyC). Objetivo: Analizar el SGLS, el volumen de colágeno (VC), el área miocitaria (ArMi) y el compromiso contráctil en pacientes con EASG y FEyC. Material y métodos: Se incorporaron 26 pacientes con EASG y FEyC (edad 67 ± 11 años, 53% hombres). Se realizaron un estudio hemodinámico preoperatorio y una biopsia endomiocárdica intraoperatoria para determinar el VC y el ArMi. Se identificaron tres grupos de pacientes: G1, hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (HVI) compensada sin enfermedad coronaria (n = 8); G2, HVI descompensada sin enfermedad coronaria (n = 7) y G3, HVI descompensada con enfermedad coronaria (n = 11). El SGLS se normalizó por volumen sistólico, estrés meridional de fin de sístole (δ) y diámetro de fin de diástole (DFD). Resultados: G1, G2 y G3, sin diferencias en volumen sistólico, δ y DFD y con diferencias en VC (%) (G1: 4,7 ± 1,2; G2: 8,4 ± 1,2; G3: 11,0 ± 3,0; p < 0,01), ArMi (mm²) (G1: 328,7 ± 66,2; G2: 376,7 ± 21,9; G3: 385,0 ± 13,0; p = 0,01), PFDVI (mm Hg) (G1: 13,1 ± 1,5; G2: 19,0 ± 3,8; G3: 23,6 ± 5,8; p < 0,01), +dP/dt máx (mm Hg/seg / PFDVI, mm Hg) (G1: 176,4 ± 45,5; G2: 89,6 ± 20,1; G3: 113,1 ± 43,7; p < 0,01), SGLS (%) (G1: -17,9 ± 4,2; G2: -13,5 ± 2,5; G3: -13,6 ± 3; p = 0,021). El SGLS se correlacionó con VC y PFDVI y hubo tendencia con un índice de contractilidad (+dP/dt máx mm Hg/seg / PFDVI, mm Hg). Conclusiones: Las alteraciones del SGLS en pacientes con EASG y FEyC son expresión de alteraciones estructurales del miocardio relacionadas con incremento del VC, asociado con un aumento de la PFDVI y con probable falla miocárdica contráctil.

Background: In severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (SSAS) altered global longitudinal systolic strain (GLSS) would correlate with changes in myocardial histological architecture and could identify early contractile involvement in patients with preserved ejection fraction (PEF). Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze GLSS, collagen volume (CV), myocyte area (MyAr) and contractile involvement in patients with SSAS and PEF. Methods: Twenty six patients with SSAS and PEF (67±11 years old, 53% male) were included in the study. A preoperative hemodynamic study and an intraoperative endomyocardial biopsy were performed to determine CV and MyAr. Three groups of patients were identified: G1: compensated left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) without coronary disease (n=8); G2: decompensated LVH without coronary disease (n=7) and G3: decompensated LVH with coronary disease (n=11). GLSS was normalized by stroke volume, meridional end-systolic wall stress (δ) and end-diastolic diameter (EDD). Results: No significant differences in stroke volume, δ and EDD were observed between groups G1, G2 and G3. Differences between groups were observed in: CV (%) (G1: 4.7 ± 1.2, G2: 8.4 ± 1.2, G3: 11.0 ± 3.0; p < 0.01), MyAr (mm²) (G1: 328.7 ± 66.2, G2: 376.7 ± 21.9, G3: 385.0 ± 13.0; p = 0.01), LVEDP (mm Hg) (G1: 13.1 ± 1.5, G2: 19.0 ± 3.8, G3: 23.6 ± 5.8; p < 0.01), +dP/dt max (mm Hg/sec / LVEDP, mm Hg) (G1: 176.4 ± 45.5, G2: 89.6 ± 20.1, G3: 113.1 ± 43.7; p < 0.01), and GLSS (%) (G1: -17.9 ± 4.2, G2: -13.5 ± 2.5, G3: -13.6 ± 3; p = 0.021). GLSS correlated with CV and LVEDP and it evidenced a trend to correlate with a contractility index (+dP/dt max mm Hg/s / LVEDP, mm Hg). Conclusions: Altered GLSS in patients with SSAS and PEF expresses myocardial structural changes related to increase in C V, which is associated with enhanced LVEDP and probable myocardial contractile failure.

Relación entre el strain rate y la estructura miocárdica en la estenosis aórtica grave / Relationship between Strain Rate and Myocardial Structure in Severe Aortic Stenosis

Introducción: En la estenosis aórtica sintomática grave (EASG), la alteración del strain global longitudinal sistólico (SGLS) tendría correlación con las modificaciones de la histoarquitectura y podría identificar compromiso contráctil temprano en pacientes con fracción de eyección conservada (FEyC). Objetivo: Analizar el SGLS, el volumen de colágeno (VC), el área miocitaria (ArMi) y el compromiso contráctil en pacientes con EASG y FEyC. Material y métodos: Se incorporaron 26 pacientes con EASG y FEyC (edad 67 ± 11 años, 53% hombres). Se realizaron un estudio hemodinámico preoperatorio y una biopsia endomiocárdica intraoperatoria para determinar el VC y el ArMi. Se identificaron tres grupos de pacientes: G1, hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (HVI) compensada sin enfermedad coronaria (n = 8); G2, HVI descompensada sin enfermedad coronaria (n = 7) y G3, HVI descompensada con enfermedad coronaria (n = 11). El SGLS se normalizó por volumen sistólico, estrés meridional de fin de sístole (δ) y diámetro de fin de diástole (DFD). Resultados: G1, G2 y G3, sin diferencias en volumen sistólico, δ y DFD y con diferencias en VC (%) (G1: 4,7 ± 1,2; G2: 8,4 ± 1,2; G3: 11,0 ± 3,0; p < 0,01), ArMi (mm²) (G1: 328,7 ± 66,2; G2: 376,7 ± 21,9; G3: 385,0 ± 13,0; p = 0,01), PFDVI (mm Hg) (G1: 13,1 ± 1,5; G2: 19,0 ± 3,8; G3: 23,6 ± 5,8; p < 0,01), +dP/dt máx (mm Hg/seg / PFDVI, mm Hg) (G1: 176,4 ± 45,5; G2: 89,6 ± 20,1; G3: 113,1 ± 43,7; p < 0,01), SGLS (%) (G1: -17,9 ± 4,2; G2: -13,5 ± 2,5; G3: -13,6 ± 3; p = 0,021). El SGLS se correlacionó con VC y PFDVI y hubo tendencia con un índice de contractilidad (+dP/dt máx mm Hg/seg / PFDVI, mm Hg). Conclusiones: Las alteraciones del SGLS en pacientes con EASG y FEyC son expresión de alteraciones estructurales del miocardio relacionadas con incremento del VC, asociado con un aumento de la PFDVI y con probable falla miocárdica contráctil.(AU)

Background: In severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (SSAS) altered global longitudinal systolic strain (GLSS) would correlate with changes in myocardial histological architecture and could identify early contractile involvement in patients with preserved ejection fraction (PEF). Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze GLSS, collagen volume (CV), myocyte area (MyAr) and contractile involvement in patients with SSAS and PEF. Methods: Twenty six patients with SSAS and PEF (67±11 years old, 53% male) were included in the study. A preoperative hemodynamic study and an intraoperative endomyocardial biopsy were performed to determine CV and MyAr. Three groups of patients were identified: G1: compensated left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) without coronary disease (n=8); G2: decompensated LVH without coronary disease (n=7) and G3: decompensated LVH with coronary disease (n=11). GLSS was normalized by stroke volume, meridional end-systolic wall stress (δ) and end-diastolic diameter (EDD). Results: No significant differences in stroke volume, δ and EDD were observed between groups G1, G2 and G3. Differences between groups were observed in: CV (%) (G1: 4.7 ± 1.2, G2: 8.4 ± 1.2, G3: 11.0 ± 3.0; p < 0.01), MyAr (mm²) (G1: 328.7 ± 66.2, G2: 376.7 ± 21.9, G3: 385.0 ± 13.0; p = 0.01), LVEDP (mm Hg) (G1: 13.1 ± 1.5, G2: 19.0 ± 3.8, G3: 23.6 ± 5.8; p < 0.01), +dP/dt max (mm Hg/sec / LVEDP, mm Hg) (G1: 176.4 ± 45.5, G2: 89.6 ± 20.1, G3: 113.1 ± 43.7; p < 0.01), and GLSS (%) (G1: -17.9 ± 4.2, G2: -13.5 ± 2.5, G3: -13.6 ± 3; p = 0.021). GLSS correlated with CV and LVEDP and it evidenced a trend to correlate with a contractility index (+dP/dt max mm Hg/s / LVEDP, mm Hg). Conclusions: Altered GLSS in patients with SSAS and PEF expresses myocardial structural changes related to increase in C V, which is associated with enhanced LVEDP and probable myocardial contractile failure.(AU)