RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of overweight/obesity has been increasing globally and in people with Intellectual Disabilities (IDs), this problem is exacerbated even more, which added to a low physical condition that contributes to the deterioration of functionality and increases the risk of developing chronic diseases in the course of life. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish cut-off points for levels of isometric handgrip and low limb explosive strength in children, adolescents and adults, which identify overweight/obesity in people with IDs and their respective associations. METHODS: The sample was made up of 131 individuals with IDs, belonging to four special and community educational centres in the city of Santiago, Chile. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio (WHR) were used as indicators of overweight/obesity. Handgrip strength was used as a measure of isometric strength, and countermovement jump was used as a measure of low limb explosive strength. For the comparison of variables by age group, the analysis of Ancova, Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests were used. The total area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of isometric handgrip and low limb explosive strength was identified as an indicator of overweight/obesity according to age groups. A logistic regression model was used to quantify the effect that strength categories below the cut-off point have on the risk of overweight and obesity. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed between the age groups for body weight, height, BMI and WHR, as well as in the levels of absolute handgrip strength and vertical jump with countermovement (P ≤ 0.05). Children showed the lowest cut-off points for absolute and relative strength. The adolescent group showed the highest cut-off points for relative strength and countermovement jump and adults showed the highest value for absolute strength as indicators of overweight/obesity. Different associations between cut-off points with BMI and WHR were found. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents showed the highest cut-off point for relative strength and countermovement jump, and adults showed the highest value for absolute strength, according to overweight/obesity indicators (BMI and WHR). It is suggested to adjust resistance training programmes according to age categories for the prevention of overweight/obesity in people with IDs.
RESUMO
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar y analizar las relaciones y diferencias existentes entre el clima motivacional, en base al nivel competitivo en judocas no profesionales. Participaron un total de 121 judocas chilenos no profesionales (70 hombres y 51 mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 40 años, provenientes de siete clubes de judo. Completaron una hoja de autoregistro de variables sociodemográficas y un cuestionario de clima motivacional (PMCSQ-2). Los resultados indican que en los judocas aficionados predomina el clima tarea y a medida que se asciende en el nivel, en deportistas amateurs cobra una mayor importancia el clima ego. Como principal conclusión destaca que los judocas amateurs distinguen en mayor proporción la diferencia entre la superación personal y el esfuerzo (clima tarea) y demuestran mayor habilidad física que los demás. Al contrario que sucede en los aficionados, donde la correlación entre ambos es inferior, aunque sigue siendo negativa
The aim of this study is to determine and analyse the relationships and differences in the motivational climate, based on the competitive level in non-professional judokas. A sample of 121 non-professional Chilean judokas (70 men and 51 women) aged between 18 and 40, coming from seven different judo clubs took part. They completed a self-registration sheet of sociodemographic variables and a motivational climate questionnaire (PMCSQ-2). The results indicate that the task goal orientation prevails in non-professional judokas and as the level rises, in amateur athletes the ego goal orientation takes on greater importance. The main deduction is that amateur judokas distinguish in a greater proportion between personal improvement and effort (task goal orientation) and show a greater physical ability than others.This is opposed to what happens with non-professionals, where the correlation between both is lower, although still negative
