Assessment of Bacterial Nanocellulose Loaded with Acetylsalicylic Acid or Povidone-Iodine as Bioactive Dressings for Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a novel nanomaterial known for its large surface area, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. BNC contributes to regenerative processes in the skin but lacks antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Herein, the development of bioactive wound dressings by loading antibacterial povidone-iodine (PVI) or anti-inflammatory acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) into bacterial cellulose is presented. BNC is produced using Hestrin-Schramm culture media and loaded via immersion in PVI and ASA. Through scanning electron microscopy, BNC reveals open porosity where the bioactive compounds are loaded; the mechanical tests show that the dressing prevents mechanical wear. The loading kinetic and release assays (using the Franz cell method) under simulated fluids present a maximum loading of 589.36 mg PVI/g BNC and 38.61 mg ASA/g BNC, and both systems present a slow release profile at 24 h. Through histology, the complete diffusion of the bioactive compounds is observed across the layers of porcine skin. Finally, in the antimicrobial experiment, BNC/PVI produced an inhibition halo for Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, confirming the antibacterial activity. Meanwhile, the protein denaturation test shows effective anti-inflammatory activity in BNC/ASA dressings. Accordingly, BNC is a suitable platform for the development of bioactive wound dressings, particularly those with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Oxidative Stress Modulation and ROS-Mediated Toxicity in Cancer: A Review on In Vitro Models for Plant-Derived Compounds.

Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are known and have been long in use for a variety of health and cosmetics applications. Potential pharmacological usages that take advantage of bioactive plant-derived compounds' antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties are being developed and many new ones explored. Some phytochemicals could trigger ROS-mediated cytotoxicity and apoptosis in cancer cells. A lot of effort has been put into investigating novel active constituents for cancer therapeutics. While other plant-derived compounds might enhance antioxidant defenses by either radical scavenging or stimulation of intracellular antioxidant enzymes, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress is one of the strategies that may show effective in damaging cancer cells. The biochemical pathways involved in plant-derived bioactive compounds' properties are complex, and in vitro platforms have been useful for a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of action of these potential anticancer drugs. The present review aims at compiling the findings of particularly interesting studies that use cancer cell line models for assessment of antioxidant and oxidative stress modulation properties of plant-derived bioactive compounds.

Prevención de la obesidad infantil. Papel del dentista de Atención Primaria / Prevention of childhood obesity. Role of Primary Care dentist

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Local anesthetics in dentistry.

The purpose of the present paper is to carry out a review of the literature on local anesthetics (LAs), which are the most commonly used drugs in dentistry. Thanks to their improvement over the last few years, they have constituted an enormous advance in both odontological treatment -- improving the dental operation in a determinant manner, and the comfort of the patient during these procedures. Furthermore, the addition of a blood vessel constrictor to these local anesthetics has meant that a lower dose of anesthetic can be used, which at the same time acts for longer, providing better conditions for both the patient and dentist. In addition, a study is made of the possible drug interactions, contraindications etc. of the different components in the anesthetic solution, and likewise the possible allergic hypersensitive reactions which can take place and which must be taken closely into consideration when used in the oral cavity.

Actualización sobre leucoplasia oral / Oral Leukoplakia update

La leucoplasia oral (leuco: blanco; y plakos: placa) está considerada como una lesión precancerosa; es, además, la más común de ellas, pues representa cerca del 85% de las lesiones orales con capacidad de transformación maligna. La OMS la define como «un parche o placa blanca que no puede ser caracterizada clínica o histopatológicamente como ninguna otra enfermedad¼. Es de etiología desconocida. Las localizaciones más frecuentes son el bermellón del labio, la mucosa yugal y la encía. El diagnóstico clínico se basa más en la exclusión de otras lesiones blancas de la mucosa oral que en sus propias características macroscópicas. El riesgo potencial de malignización de una leucoplasia con displasia es 5 veces mayor que una sin displasia. Por tanto, la biopsia de la lesión es necesaria y servirá para guiar el tratamiento. En la actualidad no hay evidencias que demuestren que los diversos tratamientos sean eficaces para prevenir la transformación maligna. Es necesario el estricto seguimiento evolutivo.

La prescripción farmacológica en Odontoestomatología. Clasificación y nomenclatura de los medicamentos / Pharmacological prescription in dentistry. Classification and nomenclature of medications

Fundamento: La existencia de diferentes denominaciones de un mismo medicamento (selva terapéutica), dificulta su reconocimiento y puede confundir al odontoestomatólogo en el proceso de seleccionar un fármaco, posibilitando la producción de errores en la prescripción farmacológica. Material y método. Se ha realizado una selección de las principales clasificaciones de los medicamentos. Se han recopilado las principales simi-litudes y diferencias entre las principales denominaciones comunes de los medicamentos Se han descrito las diferentes denominaciones que reciben las especialidades farmacéuticas, desde el inicio de su elaboración hasta su comercialización. Conclusiones. Se recomienda a los odontoestomatólogos conocer y usar las denominaciones comunes internacionales de las especialidades farmacéuticas, en detrimento de otras denominaciones y evitar el empleo de símbolos y de abreviaturas confusas en las recetas con el fin de incre-mentar la seguridad en las prescripciones farmacológicas (AU)