RESUMO
The spleen is considered 'the forgotten organ' among radiologists and clinicians, although it is well visualised on abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, the spleen is commonly involved in a wide range of pathologic disorders. These include congenital anomalies, infectious and inflammatory diseases, vascular disorders, benign and malignant tumours, and systemic disorders. In this review, we focus on the key imaging findings of the normal spleen, its variants, as well as relevant congenital and acquired abnormalities. It is of utmost importance to recognise and correctly interpret the variable spectrum of abnormalities that may involve the spleen, in order to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures and to guide adequate treatment.
Assuntos
Diagnóstico por Imagem/métodos , Baço/fisiologia , Hemangioma/diagnóstico , Humanos , Inflamação , Linfangioma/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Metástase Neoplásica , Baço/anormalidades , Baço/patologia , Esplenopatias/diagnóstico , Infarto do Baço/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esplênicas/diagnóstico , Esplenomegalia/patologia , Esplenose/diagnóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
We report a case of a periosteal chondroma of the proximal tibia in an 11-year-old girl, which was initially misdiagnosed as Osgood-Schlatter's disease. The absence of pain and meticulous analysis of the imaging findings on initial and follow-up plain radiographs, ultrasound and MRI allowed to suggest the diagnosis of a periosteal chondroma, which was confirmed after biopsy. Besides the difficulty in the imaging diagnosis of the lesion, determination of the optimal treatment strategy may be challenging as well. Given the localization of this lesion close to the growth plate, decision has to be made whether the lesion will be treated surgically or a waitful watching policy will be implemented in order to prevent interference with the normal growth of the bone.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Ósseas/diagnóstico , Condroma/diagnóstico , Periósteo/patologia , Tíbia/patologia , Biópsia , Neoplasias Ósseas/cirurgia , Criança , Condroma/cirurgia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Erros de Diagnóstico , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Articulação do Joelho/diagnóstico por imagem , Articulação do Joelho/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Osteocondrose/diagnóstico , Periósteo/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Tíbia/diagnóstico por imagem , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Since its introduction in 2002, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has assumed growing importance in the treatment of patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS), because it offers a much less invasive alternative for those in high risk for surgery. Good early results and advances in percutaneous valve technology have led to a substantial increase in procedural success rate and number of patients undergoing this less invasive treatment. Pre-procedural screening of several anatomic factors to assess the feasibility of this technique is important. Multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT) is the technique of choice in assessing these factors.This technical note aims to describe and illustrate the key elements that need to be evaluated before the procedure.
