Advanced, recurrent, and persistent cervical cancer management: in the era of immunotherapy.

Cervical cancer constitutes a significant health burden for women worldwide despite being preventable by vaccination and screening. Advanced stages of the disease are associated with a poor prognosis, and treatment approaches have seen little change over several decades, resulting in an overall survival rate of no more than 17 months. Additionally, there are limited options for second-line treatment. The urgent need for innovative and effective therapies to improve the outlook for this group of patients, along with an enhanced understanding of the interactions between the disease and the host's immune system, has propelled immunotherapy into a rapidly advancing field with notable achievements. Among various immunotherapeutic approaches, immune checkpoint inhibitors emerge as the most advanced treatment option. Clinical trials assessing these inhibitors as single agents or in combination with chemotherapy show promising results. As immunotherapy begins to redefine standards of care for metastatic, recurrent, or persistent cervical cancer, this review addresses recent advances and current recommendations for its management in both first and second-line treatment. The goal is to provide insights into the evolving landscape of cervical cancer treatment, specifically focusing on immunotherapeutic interventions.

IMMUNOTHERAPY TREATMENT AGAINST CERVICAL CANCER.

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common gynecological tumors and an important health problem, especially in developing countries. The vast majority of patients in early stages are cured of the disease with surgical treatment and with concomitant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced stages. However, in patients with recurrent, persistent, or metastatic cervical CC, the effectiveness of treatment is limited, except for the combination of chemotherapy based on platinum doublets plus bevacizumab, the treatment that has achieved the best results to date. Programmed cell death-1/PD ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors could be a novel and cutting-edge therapeutic option to improve clinical outcomes in this group of patients. Thus far, there are a few Phase I/II clinical trials that have assessed the usefulness of pembrolizumab and nivolumab in this group of patients; these include the KEYNOTE 028, KEYNOTE 158, and CHECKMATE 358 trials, in which clinical benefit has been proven with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in recurrent, persistent, or metastatic CC, as second-line treatment. There are also some ongoing trials that could provide further evidence on the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway as a therapeutic target in CC. In this review, we will focus on the usefulness of these PD-1/PDL1 inhibitors in CC, as well as on trials that are still in the recruitment phase, to confirm their effectiveness in this clinical setting.

Immunotherapy treatment against cervical cancer

ABSTRACT Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common gynecological tumors and an important health problem, especially in developing countries. The vast majority of patients in early stages are cured of the disease with surgical treatment and with concomitant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced stages. However, in patients with recurrent, persistent, or metastatic cervical CC, the effectiveness of treatment is limited, except for the combination of chemotherapy based on platinum doublets plus bevacizumab, the treatment that has achieved the best results to date. Programmed cell death-1/PD ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) inhibitors could be a novel and cutting-edge therapeutic option to improve clinical outcomes in this group of patients. Thus far, there are a few Phase I/II clinical trials that have assessed the usefulness of pembrolizumab and nivolumab in this group of patients; these include the KEYNOTE 028, KEYNOTE 158, and CHECKMATE 358 trials, in which clinical benefit has been proven with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in recurrent, persistent, or metastatic CC, as second-line treatment. There are also some ongoing trials that could provide further evidence on the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway as a therapeutic target in CC. In this review, we will focus on the usefulness of these PD-1/PDL1 inhibitors in CC, as well as on trials that are still in the recruitment phase, to confirm their effectiveness in this clinical setting.