Effects of Auditory Enrichment on Welfare and Performance of Sows During Pregnancy and Farrowing/lactation Periods.

This study is an observational study that aimed to evaluate whether exposure to music in the final third of sows' gestation and during farrowing/lactation would change behavior, reduce stress, and improve reproductive rates. Forty-eight sows were used at 90 days of gestation until the weaning of their piglets. During gestation, sows were divided into two treatments: control and with music enrichment. In farrowing/lactation, sows were divided into four treatments: control - control (without music); control - music (music during farrowing/lactation); music - control (music during pregnancy); music - music (music in both phases). Sows' behavior, eye temperature, and reproductive performance were evaluated. In the gestation phase, control group sows remained standing more times and had more negative interactions with the other sows in the pen. In the farrowing/lactating phase, sows exposed to music presented more nursing behaviors. The number of weaned piglets was higher in litters in which the sows had environmental enrichment in at least one of the phases of reproductive lives. Music may be used as environmental enrichment for sows in their reproductive phases due to beneficial responses in behavior, stress relief, and reproductive rates.

Environmental enrichment strategies for weaned pigs: Welfare and behavior.

This research aims to evaluate the effects of different types and strategies of environmental enrichment for weaned pigs on behavior. Forty weaned piglets aged 21 to 28 days were distributed in a completely randomized design in five treatments: without enrichment object, full-time cognitive enrichment, intermittent cognitive enrichment, alternate cognitive and sensory enrichment every 24 hours, and alternate cognitive and sensory enrichment every 48 hours. Behavioral observations were made for 15 days considering pig as experimental unit. Pigs of control and continuous cognitive enrichment treatments were submitted to human approach test, novel arena test, and novel object test. Pigs kept in an unstimulated environment show a higher frequency of unwanted behaviors compared to pigs in other treatments regardless of enrichment type. Pigs with alternation of enrichment type every 24 hours showed a longer interaction time with enrichment objects. Enrichment objects in rearing environment during nursery phase reduced undesirable behaviors and reactivity to unknown situations. Strategies such as alternating the type of enrichment every 24 or 48 hours are effective in maintaining the novelty and the animals' interest.

Supplemental phytase derived from E. coli in different concentrations on performance, bone mineralization and cost of broilers diets.

The trial was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of E. coli phytase on performance, weight and ash of bones, as well as to determine the bioavailability of P and cost/benefit of its use in diets. A total 1,890 Cobb male day old chicks were assigned to six treatments and seven replicates with 45 birds each, distributed in a completely randomized design. The treatments were: Positive Control; Negative Control (NC1) - reduction of 0.06% avP; Negative Control 2 (NC2) - reduction of 0.12% avP; NC2 + Phytase (120 OTU); NC2 + Phytase (180 OTU); NC2 + Phytase (240 OTU), being 1 OTU equivalent to approximately 2 FTU. With different phytase inclusions, it was possible to verify a gradual increase on body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, viability and even the bone characteristics of broilers fed diets containing reduction of P. The closest levels to the highest studied (240 OTU) showed the best results. The replacement of dicalcium phosphate by phytase supplementation is economically viable when the cost per OTU does not exceed US$ 1.4 × 10-5, US$1.2 × 10-5 and US$ 1.0 × 10-5 for the concentrations of 120, 180 and 240 OTU, respectively.

Apexification in a mandibular first molar with a middle mesial canal.

Apexification procedures have been widely used to treat teeth with incomplete root development and pulp necrosis. The middle mesial canal (MMC) is an anatomical variation and in most cases represents a challenge during endodontic treatments. In this article, a favorable outcome is reported after apexification in a molar with MMC.

Biowar: o desafio no ensino de Biossegurança / Biowar: Challenges in Biosafety education

A biossegurança se torna importante, tanto no controle dos riscos ocupacionais quanto no controle dos riscos de prejuízo ambiental provenientes das novas tecnologias científicas. O presente trabalho objetivou proporcionar uma prática docente caracterizada pela ênfase na autonomia, na liberdade e na criatividade, como pressupostos para a construção do conhecimento universitário. O jogo proposto, denominado Biowar, concentrou-se em fornecer e disseminar o conhecimento educativo entre os alunos, abordando temas multidisciplinares embasados em biossegurança. Com o elevado índice de aceitação dos alunos do curso de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, o jogo mostrou-se eficiente ao abordar temas científicos recentes, funcionando como um recurso eficaz e método alternativo de ensino na formação de cientistas cidadãos devidamente alicerçados nos conceitos de biossegurança(AU)

Biosecurity becomes important in the control of occupational hazards and in controlling the risk of environmental damage from new scientific technologies. This study aimed to provide a teaching practice characterized by emphasis on autonomy, freedom and creativity, as prerequisites for the construction of university knowledge. The proposed game called Biowar, aimed on providing and disseminating educational knowledge among students, addressing multidisciplinary issues based in biosafety. With high acceptance rate of students of biotechnology at the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, the game Biowar was efficient in addressing recent scientific topics, with an effective resource as alternative teaching methods in forming properly grounded citizen scientists in biosafety concepts(AU)

Biowar: o desafio no ensino de Biossegurança / Biowar: challenges in Biosafety education

A biossegurança se torna importante, tanto no controle dos riscos ocupacionais quanto no controle dos riscos de prejuízo ambiental provenientes das novas tecnologias científicas. O presente trabalho objetivou proporcionar uma prática docente caracterizada pela ênfase na autonomia, na liberdade e na criatividade, como pressupostos para a construção do conhecimento universitário. O jogo proposto, denominado Biowar, concentrou-se em fornecer e disseminar o conhecimento educativo entre os alunos, abordando temas multidisciplinares embasados em biossegurança. Com o elevado índice de aceitação dos alunos do curso de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, o jogo mostrou-se eficiente ao abordar temas científicos recentes, funcionando como um recurso eficaz e método alternativo de ensino na formação de cientistas cidadãos devidamente alicerçados nos conceitos de biossegurança

Biosecurity becomes important in the control of occupational hazards and in controlling the risk of environmental damage from new scientific technologies. This study aimed to provide a teaching practice characterized by emphasis on autonomy, freedom and creativity, as prerequisites for the construction of university knowledge. The proposed game called Biowar, aimed on providing and disseminating educational knowledge among students, addressing multidisciplinary issues based in biosafety. With high acceptance rate of students of biotechnology at the Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, the game Biowar was efficient in addressing recent scientific topics, with an effective resource as alternative teaching methods in forming properly grounded citizen scientists in biosafety concepts