A large proliferating trichilemmal cyst masquerading as squamous cell carcinoma.

Proliferating trichilemmal cyst (PTC), a rare benign tumor, is a fascinating follicular neoplasm. It occurs on head and neck region of elderly women and its histologic hallmark is trichilemmal keratinization. A 70-year-old female presented to skin outpatient department with complaints of a slowly growing mass on scalp for the past 2 years. On examination, the lesion was firm, mobile, painless, and measured 6 × 5 × 3 cm and was not fixed to the underlying bone. Laboratory investigations were unremarkable. Excisional biopsy was done. Histopathology revealed well-demarcated tumor with variably sized lobules of squamous epithelium undergoing an abrupt change into eosinophilic amorphous keratin without granular cell layer (trichilemmal keratinization). PTC should be differentiated from trichilemmal cyst as it has potential for malignant transformation. Thus, complete excision is recommended for all benign proliferating variants owing to their potential for locally aggressive behavior and malignant transformation.

Fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of GIST: a diagnostic dilemma.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. The authors take this opportunity to report two cases of GISTs of large bowel diagnosed on cytology and confirmed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry.

Duplication of appendix: an accidental finding.

Duplication of appendix is extremely rare anomaly. The reported incidence is 0.004-0.009%. In most of the cases the finding is accidental. Here the authors are presenting a case of type A duplex appendix in a 25-year male patient.

Adenomatoid tumour of testis.

Adenomatoid tumour is a rare neoplasm of mesothelial origin commonly seen in male and female genital tract. In this case report, the authors present a case of adenomatoid tumour in a 35-year-old male who presented with 1-year history of scrotal swelling. A clinical diagnosis of testicular neoplasm was made but final diagnosis of adenomatoid tumour was made after excisional biopsy.

Unusual presentation of a simple renal cyst.

The authors present the case of a 23-year-old woman who presented with a lump in her right abdomen which was 7 cm in diameter. Ultrasonography showed a unilocular cyst, which was diagnosed as a simple renal cyst. This case is presented for its rare occurrence in young females and unusual clinical presentation as a huge abdominal mass.

Thymoma with coexisting undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma: a case report.

We report here a case of thymoma simultaneously associated with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. A 45-year-old male presented with axillary lump. Radiographic studies showed a mediastinal mass. On fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathological examination, a diagnosis of thymoma with coexisting undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma was made. Although thymomas are associated with many extrathymic malignancies, it's association with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma is rare. This case is being reported on to reinforce that clinicians should bear in mind the possibility of extrathymic malignancies in patients with thymomas.

Hydatid cyst in tail of pancreas.

The authors present a case of hydatid cyst in tail of pancreas in a 35-year-male who presented with 6-month history of dull aching pain in abdomen. Radiologically, a differential diagnosis of cystic pancreatic neoplasm and pseudocyst was made which was confirmed after histopathological examination.

Dermoid cyst in brain.

The authors are presenting here a case of dermoid cyst in 50-year-male who presented with 3 months history of headache.

Steatocystoma multiplex.

A 40-year-old man presented with multiple papules on his head and neck. The lesions had been present for about 15 years. The patient was treated for acne for 6 months, but no improvement was noted. A biopsy was performed and microscopic findings were consistent with steatocystoma multiplex.

Cerebellar haemangioblastoma: a rare entity.

A 45-year-old female presented with headache, nausea, vomiting and ataxia of 4-month duration. CT head showed a posterior fossa tumour which was diagnosed as a case of haemangioblastoma on microscopic examination.

Neurofibroma of parotid.

Tumours of neurogenic origin are rare in parotid gland. The authors are presenting here a case of neurofibroma in a 40-year-male who presented with slow growing tumour in preauricular region of 1 year duration.

Sebaceous carcinoma of eyelid.

The authors are presenting here, a case of sebaceous carcinoma in a 50-year-old male who presented with 6-month history of a fungating mass in the right eye near medial canthus. Exenteration of eye was done, and a diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma was made on histopathological examination.

Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia type II: a rare entity.

Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemias (CDAs) are a group of rare hereditary disorder characterised by ineffective erythropoiesis and dyserythropoiesis. Among the three variants, type II is the most common. The authors are presenting two cases of CDA type II in two sisters.

Kaposi sarcoma presenting as dermal nodule.

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a rare tumour caused by human herpes virus 8. It is a systemic disease which can present with skin lesions with or without internal involvement. We are presenting here a case of classic subtype of KS in a 60-year-old male who presented with a 4-month history of nodular lesion over right hand.

Multicystic renal dysplasia: a diagnostic dilemma.

A 3-year-old male child had left-sided abdominal lump for 4 months. Radiological examination revealed a cystic mass in the left kidney. A tentative diagnosis of multicystic nephroma was made on clinical and radiological examination. Cytology was inconclusive. Nephrectomy was done. A final diagnosis of multicystic dysplasia was made on histological examination.

Intracranial chondroma: a rare entity.

Intracranial chondroma is a rare benign cartilaginous tumour with an incidence of less than 1% of all primary intracranial tumours. The authors are reporting here a case of intracranial chondroma in a 40-year-old man who presented with 5-month history of headache and gradual diminution of vision. A tentative diagnosis of chondroma was made on imprint cytology which was confirmed on histopathological examination.

Aspergilloma lung mimicking tuberculosis.

A 50-year-old male presented with haemoptysis. Patient had previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis. A tentative diagnosis of fungal ball was made on radiological examination. Surgical removal of lobe of lung was done and on histopathological examination a final diagnosis of aspergilloma was rendered.

Idiopathic lymphocytoma cutis: a diagnostic dilemma.

Lymphocytoma cutis, also known as cutaneous B cell pseudolymphoma, represents a spectrum of disease that shares similar clinical and histological features and simulates cutaneous lymphoma clinically and histologically. Clinically it is manifested as asymptomatic, indolent, nodular lesions of different sizes varying between 2 and 5 cm, usually solitary, mainly on exposed area of the body like face and neck. The presence of polymorphous cell infiltrates comprising of T and B lymphocytes, plasma cells, oeosinophils, histiocytes and dendritic cells along with lack of atypical lymphocytes after incisional biopsy support diagnosis of pseudolymphoma. Final diagnosis is made on immunohistochemistry.

Ameloblastic carcinoma: a rare entity.

Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare aggressive malignant epithelial odontogenic tumour seen in a wide range of age group with no sex predilection. Patient usually presents with a rapidly enlarging swelling. It usually involves the posterior portion of the mandible. Treatment of choice is surgical removal of tumour followed by radiotherapy. We present a case of ameloblastic carcinoma in a 35-year-old man.