[The medical social characteristics and evaluation of life quality of patients with diseases of blood circulation system].

The increasing of longevity and quality of life and population health are considered as the most important component of human development index. The diseases of blood circulation system have leading rank in morbidity, disability and mortality of population of Russia representing one of the most actual problems of health care. The diseases of circulatory system negatively effect on physical and mental health, emotional conditions and social components of life activities. All the mentioned results related to cardiovascular diseases can be detected and measured through evaluation of indices of life quality of patients. In Russia, the directive documents and national programs concerning health care modernization were adopted to rectify the unfavorable medical demographic situation on national level through decreasing of mortality, morbidity and disability due to diseases of circulation system. The purpose of the study is to analyze social hygienic characteristic and life quality of patients with diseases of circulation system during 5 years prospective cross-sectional medical statistical study in the Nizhni Novgorod Oblast at the base of the "Specialized Cardio-surgery Clinical Hospital" of Nizhni Novgorod. The study included all patients with certain corresponding criteria of involvement being at hospital treatment in the pilot medical organization. The sampling included 420 patients. The life quality inventory SF-36 and questionnaire were applied to respondents during their first and control (5 years later) visits. The questionnaire covered social and working status, presence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. The study demonstrated that among respondents made no control of cholesterol level 40.3%, arterial blood pressure - 16% that determines necessity of amelioration of sanitary education activities of population. The low level of income (less than 6000 rubles per one member of family) was marked by 42% of respondents. At that, 77% had financial problems with medications purchasing that testifies necessity in co-financing with the state. The results of the study testify the positive impact of implementation of target programs of prevention of cardiovascular diseases on the life quality of patients in the pilot subject of The Russian Federation. The original technique of sociological surveys and evaluation of life quality of patients can be applied at the regional level in development of managerial decision making.

[The role of the behavioral factors during the early reproductive period in women].

The problem of the planning of the onset of pregnancy in young women with child-bearing outcome is discussed. Also, the analysis of the causes of such changes of the reproductive behavior as the decision to abandon the planning childbirth and to terminate the pregnancy by the means of non-planned delivery at the pregnancy's occurrence during the adolescent period of life is presented. The sampling included 500 girls aged from 13 to 17 years who carried into effect the reproductive function during adolescent period of life at various patterns of the reproductive behavior. It is established that the reproductive behavior of girls during their adolescence is affected by the combination of the social hygienic, social psychological and social economic factors. The ratio and influence of these factors varies during different stages of the reproductive behavior. The research data is a sound ground for establishing the directions to optimize the technical and medical organizational approaches to to manage the factors determining the reproductive behavior in girls during the adolescent period of life.

[Experimental study of the effectiveness of interleukin-1beta in radiation injury]. / Eksperimental'noe issledovanie éffektivnosti interleikina-1beta pri luchevom porazhenii.

The experiments on mice exposed to radiation (6.5 Gy, LD 80/30) discovered that human recombinant interleukin-1 beta after administration on postradiation hour 1-3 increased the animals' survival by 40-70%. Interleukin-1 beta reduced leukopenia and enhanced the recovery of bone marrow cell elements. The use of the preparation as an early pathogenetic treatment of irradiation damage holds promise.

[The role of serotonin and histamine in the neurohumoral mechanisms of postirradiation diarrhea in rats]. / O roli serotonina i gistamina v neirogumoral'nykh mekhanizmakh postluchevoi diarei u krys.

In experiments with rats exposed to 200 Gy radiation it was shown that the diarrhea effect of serotonin under the effect of radiation is implemented via D- and M-type receptors, and that of histamine via H1 and H2 receptors. Serotonin and histamine, that were released under the effect of radiation from endocrine and mast cells of the digestive tract, stimulated the propulsion activity of the intestine whereas histamine, in addition, inhibited the absorption process. It is suggested that serotonin and histamine antagonists should be used as means of preventing of radiation-induced diarrhea.

[Mechanism of circulatory disorders in animals irradiated at high doses]. / K mekhanizmu rasstroistv krovoobrashcheniia u zhivotnykh, obluchennykh v bol'shih dozakh.

Some data are reported on pathoanatomical changes, a status of the microcirculatory channel and the coagulogram of animals affected by high doses of ionizing radiation. The signs of disseminated intravascular blood coagulation have been revealed. The authors discuss the relationship between clinical manifestations with coagulopathy development and circulatory disturbances during intestinal and cerebral forms of acute radiation sickness.