[Phytoecdysteroids influence on the hormonal status and apoptosis in growing rats].

The impact of the 15-day consumption of Serratula coronata extract containing phytoecdysteroids on some indicators of hormonal status and activity of apoptosis in various organs of growing male Wistar rats (initial body weight 127.8 +/-2.5 sigma) has been studied. The extract from the leaves of Serratula coronata was added to the water of animals of experimental groups 2 and 3 (n = 8 in each group) daily at the dose of 5 and 15 mg phytoecdysteroids per kg of body weight respectively. Animals of the control group 1 (n = 8) received water alone throughout the experiment. Daily volume of drunk fluid was recorded. At the 15th day of the experiment animals were taken out using the decapitation under the light ether anesthesia. The content of corticosterone, prostaglandin E2 and beta-endorphin in rat blood plasma were determined by ELISA test. Plasma level of noradrenaline was determined by HPLC. DNA damage and percentage of apoptotic cells (apoptotic index) were measured in isolated cells of the thymus, heart and brain by single-cell gel electrophoresis (the comet assay). Significantly lower concentration of norepinephrine was detected in plasma of experimental animals from groups 2 and 3 (10.3 +/- 1.1 and 7.2 +/- 0.8 ng/ml, respectively) compared to the same index in the control group (20.4 +/- 3.4 ng/ml). Significant differences of other biochemical parameters for all groups of animals have not been identified. Statistical significant difference in the ratio of corticosterone/norepinephrine compared with control animals was detected for a group of rats consumed the highest dose of phytoecdysteroids. There was no statistically significant difference in DNA fragmentation and apoptosis index in animals consumed phytoecdysteroids in compare with the control group of animals. The absence of the activity of apoptosis in cells of the heart, brain and thymus of rats treated with phytoecdysteroid extract may indicate the safety of its use in the diet of the animals.

[Effect of intragastrically injection of phytoecdysteroids on some indicators of hormonal status in rats].

The experiment in vivo in growing male Wistar rats was carried out. The animals of the experimental 2-4 groups were daily intragastrically injected water solutions of the dried extract from the leaves of Seratulla coronata L. in volume of 1.0 ml, containing 2, 20 and 50 mg of phytoecdysteroids per kg of animal weight, accordingly. Animals of control group were daily injected 1.0 ml of water. The content of phytoecdysteroids in the dry extract was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The concentration of the sum of phytoecdysteroids in dry extract was 6.15%, 66% of which was 20-hydroxyecdysone and 23% was 25S-inokosteron. On the 15th day animals were taken out of the experiment by the decapitation. The content of corticosterone, prostaglandin E2 and beta-endorphin in rat blood plasma were determined by ELISA test. The pathological--anatomical analysis and weighing of the liver did not reveal any adverse changes of this organ in the animals of all groups. The average concentration of blood plasma corticosterone reduced with increasing of the dose of the extract injected to the animals, reaching significant differences relative to the control group (60.9 +/- 9.4 ng/ml) for 3 and 4 groups (22.7 +/- 6.6 and 17.6 +/- 7.3 ng/ml, accordingly). Beta-endorphin and prostaglandin E2 levels did not differ. The ratio of the mediator of stress (corticosterone) and inhibitors of stress (beta-endorphin and prostaglandin E2) has been calculated. A monotonic decrease of corticosterone/beta-endorphin and corticosterone/prostaglandin E2 ratio has been found with extract dose increasing. Taken together the results of determination of biochemical parameters of the general adaptation syndrome the dose-dependent stress-protective effect of Seratulla coronata L extract has been demonstrated.

[Effect of diet enriched with selenium on the psycho-emotional and adaptive capacity of patients with cardiovascular diseases and obesity].

It was studied the effect of diet enriched with selenium on the clinical and biochemical status, psycho-emotional and adaptive capacity of the organism in patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system. We examined 59 patients with cardiovascular disease and obesity, treated for 3 weeks antiatherogenic reduced calorie diet. Of these 36 patients from the index group took on the back of ground diet selenium containing diet product (part of alimentotherapy). Patients underwent clinical examination, biochemical parameters and the availability of selenium were measured. To assess the adaptive capacity of the organism we used Program Apparatus Complex. Quality of life of patients, overall health, level of anxiety and the dynamics of mental processes were assessed using SAS procedures, Spielberger-Hanin anxiety test, Serdyuk Quality of Life Questionnaire, Kraepelin's counting test. The results indicate positive changes in clinical and biochemical status, availability of selenium, adaptive capacity, psycho-emotional state of patients with cardiovascular disease and obesity because of the diet enriched with organic form of selenium. We revealed increase in activity, improvement of overall health and cognitive functions, mood stabilization, reduction of anxiety and emotional lability. The main differences observed between the groups identified in the leveling of the anxiety radical in psycho-emotional status of patients.

[Assessment of biological value of protein-peptide ingredients of functional drink in growing rats].

The abstract is devoted to research in vivo on the growing rats of biological value of protein hydrolyzate of meat-and-bone residues of poultry, fortified by defatted cow milk. Cow milk casein was chosen as a template. PER was determined by growing method, based on lab animals' growth rate assessment. True protein digestibility was determined by balance method. The indices were fixed individually for each animal and then the group mean value was calculated. Accessibility of protein hydrolyzate of meat-and-bone residues of poultry fortified by defatted cow milk equals 100%. PER is 1.25 lower in comparison with casein, which can be explained by a lower retention.

[Clinical efficiency of using laminaria jam enriched with selenium].

Effectivity was studied of a new dietary product enriched with organic form of selenium--laminaria gel in patients with ischemic heart disease and hypertonia. Functional condition of nervous and cardiovascular systems improved after intake of testing product. There were no any adverse changes in biochemical indices of patients receiving studied product. Intake of the product gave reliable increase in the selenium levels of blood serum only in patients with low content of this trace element.

[Development of research in physiology and biochemistry of the digestion of the Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Medical Science for 1930-2005 years].

This is a account of the main stages of formation and development of streamline of investigation of physiology and biochemistry of the digestion of the Institute of Nutrition the Russian Academy of Medical Science setting in 1930 years present time.

[The new approaches to understanding of neurohumoral regulation in overweight and ways of its correction]. / Novye podkhody k ponimaniiu neirogumoral'noi reguliatsii pri izbytochnoi masse tela i sposoby ee korrektsii.

The clinical study reflex of food specific dynamic effect food SDE reflex phase in various forms of obesity permit differential diagnosing and choosing of special diet therapy with the use of various biologically active food supplements.

[Physiology of nutrition]. / Fiziologicheskie osnovy problemy pitaniia.

The article presents the data about scientific theories of nutrition. It is showed the necessity of gastro-intestinal tract participation in metabolic substances, discovered by I.P. Razenkov.

[Mechanism of alcohol action on gastric secretion]. / O mekhanizme deistviia spirta na zheludochnuiu sekretsiiu.

In chronic experiment on dogs (3 dogs with Pavlov's miniature stomach, 3 dogs with Heidenhain's miniature stomach) the mechanism of action of alcohol (8%-150 ml) on gastric secretion was clarified. For this purpose the new inhibitor of gastric secretion--glycopeptide was utilized, which action was preset in laboratory of G.K. Shlygin. Was shown, that in effect of alcohol on gastric secretion take place the complicated mechanism including as a nervous regulation (vagus nerves), and humoral: participation of gastrin and histamine in secretory effect of a stomach, and also immediate effect of ethanol on acid glands.

[Thermal skin reaction to food intake and its changes in certain forms of obesity]. / Temperaturnaia reaktsiia kozhi na priem pishchi i ee izmeneniia pri nekotorykh formakh ozhireniia.

The authors review data on recently discovered temperature response of deep skin layers to the meal. The reaction is of a reflex nature and is one of the mechanisms regulating heat exchange in the body. In healthy people this reaction is weak. In alimentary obesity, it becomes much stronger, probably due to impaired heat exchange because of accumulated fat. In obesity related to diencephalic syndrome skin reaction is similar to control. In this obesity, pituitory seems to lose ability to regulate circulation in the blood. The above reaction can be used as a test differentiating the two forms of obesity.

[The effect of cholisorb on liver exocrine function]. / Vliianie kholisorba na vneshnesekretornuiu funktsiiu pecheni.

The effect of cholisorb and its salt (Na and K) forms on the external secretion of the liver was studied. The cholagogic effect of the H-form of cholisorb and its salt forms was demonstrated in dog experiments. The effect of the H-form proved to be stronger. This effect was associated with decreased absorption of bile acids and cholesterol in the intestine and disturbed hepato-intestinal biliary cycle as a result of which adaptation mechanisms directed at restoration of this cycle are apparently switched on.

[Effects of histidine on gastric secretory function]. / Vliianie gistidina na sekretornuiu funktsiiu zheludka.

Effect of histidine on secretory activity of the stomach in the dogs was studied. Parenteral administered histidine caused great increase in gastric secretion stipulated by central action and mediated through histamine receptors. Histidine administered per os together with meat increased gastric secretion in some dog but in the other ones the response was absent. In dogs with stimulated gastric secretion the increase in histamine contents in gastric juice was found. Particular effect of histidine on gastric secretion should be taken into account when creating of amino acid mixtures for parenteral nutrition and in dietetics.

[THe characteristics of the action of Khi-Mi on gastric and hepatic secretion]. / Osobennosti deistviia "Khi-Mi" na sekretsiiu zheludka i pecheni.

The peculiarities of action of He-Me (92% of sodium glutamate and 8% sodium inosinemonophosphate) on gastric and liver secretions was studied in experiments on dog with Pavlov's isolated ventricle and dogs with bile duct, taken out on the skin (operation by M. F. Nesterin). He-Me exerted promotional influence on gastric secretion provoked by pentagastrin increasing of secretion by 3-5 times with prolongation of secretion time. The gastric secretion in various stages (nervous, secretory, intestinal) was strengthened after adding of He-Me to dietary meat. In that way effect of He-Me on gastric secretion is the same as effect of sodium glutamate but effect He-Me more strong after oral intake. He-Me has also choleretic effect. The data allow to re recommend He-Me as diagnostic and therapeutic remedy.

[Effects of medium-chain triglycerides on external secretory function of the liver]. / Vliianie srednetsepochechnykh triglitseridov na vneshnesekretornuiu funktsiiu pecheni.

Effect of middle chain triglycerides (MChT) on liver external secretory activity in comparison with butter was studied in dogs with bile duct taken out on skin. Fats containing MChT alone or in combination with meat cause increasing of volume of excreted bile in 2 times in comparison with butter. Concentration of bile cholesterol was increased in 1.5-2 times and colic acid in 1.3-1.5 times in comparison with control level. Such effects of MChT should be taken into account during preparation of baby food and and food for clinical nutrition.

[Thermal reaction of subcutaneous tissue to food intake in patients with obesity]. / Termicheskaia reaktsiia podkozhnoi kletchatki na priem pishchi u bol'nykh ozhireniem.

Investigating the temperature of deep layers of skin and in the main of subcutaneous tissue in patients with obesity we found the close connection between changes of this temperature and food intake. In patients who are in postabsorptive period the intake of the small portion of test food (220 kcal) induces in 3-4 min a marked increase of the subcutaneous tissue temperature (often by 1.0-1.5 degrees C in comparison with the initial level). Further the temperature still rises some what and then keeps at increased level for 30-45 min. At the end of the treatment course of patients in the clinic (and the body weight loss by 10-14 kg) these changes of the temperature become much less intensive or do not quite manifest. The above thermic reaction is developed apparently as a result of the dilatation of blood vessels of the skin and filling the venous plexus with the arterial blood. Probably in depends upon the regulatory activity of hypothalamus which is directed on an increase of heat loss into environment.

[Bile-secreting function of the liver in patients with chronic alcoholism and ways of correcting it]. / Zhelchevydelitel'naia funktsiia pecheni u bol'nykh khronicheskim alkogolizmom i puti korrektsii ee narushenii.

The examinations showed the differences in bile secretion and biochemical composition of bile in patients with chronic alcoholism II and III stages (respectively 1 and 2 groups of patients). The patients of group 1 have hypotonic gall-bladder with normal or in some cases increased speed of bile secretion with low contents of cholic acid, cholesterol and bilirubin. A type of bile secretion in patients group 2 is hypotonic-hypokinetic with patterns of bile stagnation. Treatment of patients of group 1 by cholenzyme and patients of group 2 by enterosorbent cholysorb promoted normalisation of intestinal circulation of bile components. Cholenzyme is remedy of compensation therapy and cholisorb allows to remove the bile stagnation.

[Experimental model of impaired gastrointestinal macromolecular permeability]. / Modelirovanie narushennoi pronitsaemosti zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta dlia makromolekul v éksperimente.

Gastrointestinal macromolecular permeability for polyethylene glycol (PEG)-4000 was studied in Wistar rats with resected distal portion of the small intestine, experimental colitis induced by chemical toxicant (acetic acid) and in rats receiving oral ethyl alcohol. Gastrointestinal permeability in animals with resection transiently increased during the first two weeks after operation and returned to normal thereafter. Colitis induction resulted in marked (2.5-fold) growth of permeability for PEG-4000 on day 7 and in a less significant increase on day 21. In animals exposed to ethyl alcohol no changes in macromolecular permeability were noted for PEG-4000 and food protein (chick's egg albumin). It is concluded that the model of colitis induced by chemical toxicants is most suitable among the models tested for experimental research on dietetic correction of altered macromolecular permeability.

[Effect of glutamate and combined with inosine monophosphate on gastric secretion]. / Deistvie glutamata i ego sochetaniia s inozinmonofosfatom na zheludochnuiu sekretsiiu.

Experiments on dogs with Pavlov pouch and gastric fistula demonstrate that monosodium glutamate (MSG) enriched with inosine monophosphate (IMP) potentiate pentagastrin-induced gastric secretion. The preparation (Chi-Mi) was introduced directly into the intestine through a fistula. When given alone in an equal quantity MSG produced the same effect. In per os administration Chi-Mi was more effective, probably due to a different response of the gustatory receptors to MSG and Chi-Mi. When the latter two were added to meat used as a food stimulus, Chi-Mi brought about more intensive gastric secretion in all its phases. In sham feeding Chi-Mi also intensified the secretion augmenting the reflex phase of gastric secretion when added to food substances. The findings may appear helpful in further search for medical application of glutamate and allied substances.

[Reflex of food-induced thermogenesis in normal subjects and its changes in patients with obesity]. / Reflektornyi period vyzvannogo pishchei termogeneza v norme i ego izmeneniia u bolnykh ozhireniem.

Dog experiments have established that an initial period of food-induced thermogenesis (FIT) has a reflex nature. This is proved by FIT appearance in sham feeding and disappearance after atropine administration. Various food substances proved capable of evoking this reflex. It was also registered in humans. Oxygen consumption rose within 3-10 minutes after a test meal reaching a 25% maximal increment. However, no or minimal manifestations of the reflex occurred in obese patients. They had to undergo a 30-day weight-reducing treatment to reacquire the lost reflex. Physiological value of FIT as a mechanism stimulating tissue metabolism and preparing food substances assimilation are discussed.

[The use of monosodium glutamate in the combined therapy of patients with atrophic gastritis]. / Primenenie odnozameshchennogo glutamata natriia v kompleksnoi terapii bol'nykh atroficheskim gastritom.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) taken per os has been found to stimulate gastric secretion provoked by pentagastrin. MSG gave rise to a marked elevation of endogenic gastrin levels both in experimental animals and atrophic gastritis patients. Thirty-six patients with secretory gastric insufficiency received MSG as an additive to their food during combined therapy of their disease. The preparation proved to be well-tolerated, good stimulant of gastric secretion, efficient in digestion improvement. MSG is recommended as an adjuvant in combined therapy of atrophic gastritis.