Hematological indicators for lung damage caused by COVID-19 infection.

During the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection one of the most serious complications is pneumonia. When entering a specialized pulmonology Department, the presence of pneumonia is confirmed by computed tomography (CT), the etiology is confirmed by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by PCR, the article analyzes the indicators of blood analysis when patients are admitted to the hospital. All admitted patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 of the study - with a new coronavirus infection Covid-19, confirmed by the detection of PCR-RNA SARS-CoV-2 (n=27). Group 2 consisted of 65 patients (70.7%) with lung tissue damage characteristic of Covid-19 according to CT, who had a negative analysis of PCR-RNA SARS-CoV-2. Statistically significant deviations were shown in a decrease in the percentage and absolute content of lymphocytes, monocytes and platelets, and an increase in neutrophils. The comparative analysis in the groups with positive and negative PCR analysis for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA showed no statistically significant differences. It can be assumed that with the similarity of clinical manifestations and CT-data, a negative result of PCR-RNA SARS-CoV-2 can be diagnosed as «lung damage caused by COVID-19 infection¼.

[The structure of flow of patients with intolerance to anesthetics and diagnostic information value of various methods of specific diagnostics in vitro].

The article deals with both the characteristics of flow of patients with intolerance to anesthetics examined with methods of specific diagnostics in vitro and the diagnostic capabilities of these methods. During last 10 years, the flow of patients of this group increased significantly and its structure has changed The analysis demonstrated that from all tests of specific diagnostics the CD45-test is the most informative.

[Age-related characteristics of general and specific immunity in children with atopic bronchial asthma from the Volga region]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti sistem obshchego i spetsificheskogo immuniteta u detei s atopicheskoi bronchial'noi astmoi Povolzhskogo regiona.

The age-related peculiarities of indices of the total and specific immunity systems were comparatively studied in children with atopic bronchial asthma (ABA) at critical age intervals. The group of children aged 2 to 5 was shown to have a higher absolute quantity of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, a relatively lower content of CD8+ and CD16+ lymphocytes, disimmunoglobulinemia, a higher level of total IgE (by 36.5 times), and an impaired functional activity of cells in the nonspecific resistance system. Higher levels of specific IgE-antibodies to pollen allergens were detected in 84.4% of cases in peripheral blood of ABA children; the content of the above antibodies (to mixed weed allergens, hemp, fescue, boon, bent, ryegrass, and sun-flower) were higher (p < 0.05) both in age-matched healthy children and in older ABA children. A 20-fold increase of the total IgE level, a higher CD16+ lymphocyte content a lower relative quantity of CD8+ lymphocytes and attenuated phagocyte-activity indices were registered in the group of children aged 6 to 10. Apart from a 17.1-fold increase of the total IgE level, the attenuated phagocyte-activity parameters of neutrophils were observed in the group of older children (aged 11 to 15). Higher levels of specific IgE-antibodies to food allergens were detected (in a majority of cases) in peripheral blood of children in 2 elder groups. Polyvalent sensitization (a higher production of IgE-antibodies to more than 3 allergens of different groups) reached 71.0-76.7% in children of various age groups.

[Complex immunological examination of patients with allergic diseases]. / Kompleksnoe immunologicheskoe obsledovanie bol'nykh s allergicheskimi zabolevaniiami.

Allergy is now acknowledged as one form of immunopathology, and the authors propose a protocol of comprehensive immunological examinations for the diagnosis of allergic diseases. This protocol includes the methods of examination and interpretation of the results, permitting the physician detect the predominant mechanism of allergic reaction (reagin, immunocomplex, or cytotoxic) determining the scientifically-based approach to selection of immune therapy.

[The assessment of the immunograms of children with allergic diseases]. / Otsenka immunogramm detei s allergicheskimi zabolevaniiami.

Analysis of immunograms of 189 children with allergic diseases of the reagin type (55 with atopic bronchial asthma, 33 with atopic dermatitis, 101 with respiratory allergosis) helped single out a complex of immunological parameters which markedly and statistically reliably change in this type of allergy in comparison with a group of healthy children (n = 25). This complex is recommended to be used for the detection of the principal pathogenetic factor of the reagin-type allergic diseases and monitoring the therapy efficacy.

[Assessment of the informative value of neuron-specific enolase determined by the immunoenzyme method]. / Otsenka informativnosti neironspetsificheskoi enolazy, opredeliaemoi immunofermentnym metodom.

The diagnostic informative value of measurements of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in health, pulmonary cancer (including small-cell one), 8 different diseases, and pregnant patients with gestation periods from 5 to 33 weeks was assessed. Comparison of the results in each of these 10 groups with the results in health controls did not reveal any appreciable differences for any of the groups or between the tested groups. The authors consider that NSE measurements cannot be recommended for use at other than cancer institutions.