Water intake of pigs consuming tiamulin during the nursery phase.

Mass medication to manage population health can be achieved by providing therapeutics in the drinking water. Young nursery pigs are highly sensitive to the flavor and smell of water. Medications that reduce water palatability often lead to an interruption in water and feed intake. With the availability of several generic water-soluble antimicrobials for pigs, questions have arisen about their palatability compared with the original product. In this study, we compared the intake of water containing tiamulin hydrogen fumarate from two different manufacturers with the intake of unmedicated water. The hypothesis was that the intake of tiamulin-containing water would be similar to unmedicated water. Water intake was monitored upon entry into the nursery and just prior to leaving the nursery. Also, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were determined. A total of 300 pigs were individually weighed (4.2-10.9 kg; avg = 6.8 kg) for randomization to pen (n = 30 pens). The experiment had two time points: 1) early nursery (periods 1-3) and 2) late nursery (period 4). Pens were randomly assigned to a sequence (period 1-3) in a crossover experimental design containing three 10-d periods, with 5 d for the resetting of baseline where unmedicated water was provided followed by 5 d on tiamulin source addition [i.e., TriamuloxTM (Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ); Denagard (Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN)] or unmedicated water. After period 3 was concluded, all pens were given unmedicated water (via nipple waterers) and the number of pigs per pen was reduced to six pigs to maintain adequate space per pig. Ten days prior to pigs leaving the nursery, a fourth period was performed. After a 5-d water baseline was achieved, pens were treated with either unmedicated water or Triamulox- or Denagard-containing water. Pigs had ad libitum access to water and feed. During the testing periods, daily water intake was measured by a cup water system in each pen. Feed intake was measured every 5 d. There was no effect of treatment on initial body weights or weights at the beginning or end of each period (P ≥ 0.51). Therefore, there was no effect of treatment on ADG (P ≥ 0.23). Water intake (P ≥ 0.16) and FE (P ≥ 0.35) were not affected by treatment. Water consumption was similar among all treatments in each of the four periods. There appears to be no aversion to water intake when tiamulin hydrogen fumarate is added to the drinking water.

Hemodynamics of the umbilical artery and conceptus-related measurements in singleton and twin pregnancies in ewes.

In sheep, adequate physiological maternal adaptations to twin fetuses are key for their prenatal development. We hypothesized that there is a relationship between maternal circulating steroid hormone concentration, hematocrit, and patterns of conceptus growth and umbilical artery hemodynamics in twin vs singleton pregnancies. Ewes carrying singletons (n = 6) or twins (n = 7) were selected. Hematocrit, progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17ß (E2) concentrations were analyzed. Blood flow of the umbilical artery (UBF) was assessed through Doppler ultrasonography. Ewes carrying twins had a decreased (p = 0.03) hematocrit. There was a tendency (p = 0.08) for ewes carrying twins to have increased P4 from day 20 to 40. From day 50 to 70, P4 tended to be increased (p = 0.07) and E2 was increased (p = 0.01) in ewes carrying twins. From day 90 to 120, ewes carrying twins had greater (p ≤ 0.04) P4. Ewes carrying twins had increased (p < 0.01) P4 and tended to have (p = 0.06) increased E2. From day 60 until 110, placentomes from twins were larger (p ≤ 0.05). On day 50, UBF was greater (p = 0.04; 27.38 vs. 20.95 ± 1.99 ml/min) in twins. It has been suggested that physiological adaptations during early pregnancy can significantly impact fetal development in multiple offspring carrying ewes. Our findings suggest that increased umbilical artery blood flow early in gestation, associated with increased maternal concentrations of P4 and E2, and decreased hematocrit (related to plasma volume) could contribute to those adaptations.

Valoración de los efectos de la suplementación de carvacrol y timol presentes en el aceite esencial de orégano (Origanum vulgare) sobre la digestibilidad de la dieta en perros adultos / Assessment of the effects of carvacrol and thymol supplementation present in the essential oil of oregano (Origanum vulgare) on diet digestibility in adult dogs

En los últimos años se ha retomado la idea de hacer investigaciones sobre las diversas propiedades medicinales de las plantas en numerosas áreas. En este punto la veterinaria no es una excepción, y desde hace algún tiempo ha implementado nuevas terapias y protocolos en diversas afecciones de los animales que han sido tratadas con medicina en base de plantas. (Gunter & Bossow 2006). En esta investigación se tomaron dos grupos de cuatro perros (Canis familiaris), machos, adultos, aparentemente sanos, de los cuales uno es el grupo testigo y otro el grupo experimental, durante un período de seis meses en los cuales hubo una división de tres meses de adaptación y tres meses de experimentación, el objetivo principal de esta investigación es valorar la digestibilidad aparente, añadiendo a una de las dietas carvacrol y timol presentes en el aceite esencial de orégano, el mismo que trabaja modificando la composición de los patógenos intestinales en beneficio del animal hospedero, estimula la actividad biliar, previene el meteorismo e incrementa la actividad enzimática intestinal, por aproximadamente siete días en el duodeno, yeyuno e íleon, estudios determinaron que el largo y peso del intestino incrementa gradualmente.(Arcila et al.,2005) Los resultados tuvieron una media aritmética de materia seca , Proteína Cruda, Materia Orgánica, Grasa, Fibra, Cenizas y Carbohidratos Solubles de: Control: 84.5 Experimental: 84.72; Control: 88.97 Experimental: 85.1; Control: 85.75 Experimental: 83.7; Control: 92.5 Experimental: 93.46; Control: 40.83 Experimental: 41.035; Control: 51.5 , Experimental: 53.15; Control: 85.69 Experimental: 85.91, respectivamente. Los resultados fueron comparados por "t" student y no se encontró diferencia significativa. Existen, algunas investigaciones que se han llevado a cabo sobre los múltiples beneficios del orégano ( Origanum vulgare), en especies como cerdos, aves, roedores para ser aplicadas en los humanos. (Arcila et al., 2005)