[Mathematical simulation of the corpse's temperature change during exposure of a direct solar radiation to diagnose a postmortem interval]. / Matematicheskoe modelirovanie protsessa izmeneniya temperatury trupa pri vozdeistvii na nego pryamoi solnechnoi radiatsii v tselyakh diagnostiki davnosti smerti.

OBJECTIVE: To choose an optimal mathematical model and to practice the method of its use during finding the corpse under exposure of a direct solar radiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The studies were carried out on 9 corpses with body weight from 50 to 83 kg. The influence of black (6 corpses) and white (3 corpses) colored cotton fabrics was investigated to standardize a photoreceptive surface of clothes. In addition, the objects (bags made of substantial polyethylene, densely filled with moderately humid black soil) replacing corpses with mass of 5.5, 11.0, 16.5 and 22.0 kg, wrapped in cotton fabric of specified colors, that imitates clothes, were used. The objects' temperature was measured within the accuracy of 0.001 °C, air temperature - within accuracy of 0.1 °C. A simplified one-dimensional variant of the finite mathematical differences method, representing the process of corpse's cooling as a discrete transfer of heat from one layer (node) to another, was used in developing the mathematical modeling algorithm. The model consisted of ten nodes was used in calculations. RESULTS: A mathematical model in the form of equations' system was developed, in which the variable reflecting the intensity of corpse's surface heating by sun rays was introduced. The example of calculation made with data of real measurements of corpse's temperature, that was in open place for the sun rays, is shown.

[Determination of the corpse's stay in the water duration according to maceration degree of its skin]. / Opredelenie dlitel'nosti prebyvaniya trupa v vode po stepeni vyrazhennosti matseratsii ego kozhnogo pokrova.

A serious problem during the postmortem examination of a corpse extracted from the water can be a significant determination of its stay in the water duration. First of all, the signs indicating the presence of a corpse in the water include maceration, according to the severity of which forensic experts often determine how long the corpse stayed in the water. The aim of the study is to summarize the available literature data and propose ways to objectify the determination of a corpse's stay in water duration by the severity of skin maceration. In this article, based on the analysis of literature, the process of skin maceration is described, as well as the timing and speed of its development according to various authors. The presence of quite a large number of external and internal factors affecting the process of skin maceration and the subjectivity of its severity assessment is indicated. This article provides examples of the biophysical methods usage for the study of biological objects in forensic medical examination, allowing to objectively record changes in the researcher's parameter of interest. The use of skin impedancemetry to objectify the severity of skin maceration.

Development and large volume production of extremely high current density YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting wires for fusion.

The fusion power density produced in a tokamak is proportional to its magnetic field strength to the fourth power. Second-generation high temperature superconductor (2G HTS) wires demonstrate remarkable engineering current density (averaged over the full wire), JE, at very high magnetic fields, driving progress in fusion and other applications. The key challenge for HTS wires has been to offer an acceptable combination of high and consistent superconducting performance in high magnetic fields, high volume supply, and low price. Here we report a very high and reproducible JE in practical HTS wires based on a simple YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) superconductor formulation with Y2O3 nanoparticles, which have been delivered in just nine months to a commercial fusion customer in the largest-volume order the HTS industry has seen to date. We demonstrate a novel YBCO superconductor formulation without the c-axis correlated nano-columnar defects that are widely believed to be prerequisite for high in-field performance. The simplicity of this new formulation allows robust and scalable manufacturing, providing, for the first time, large volumes of consistently high performance wire, and the economies of scale necessary to lower HTS wire prices to a level acceptable for fusion and ultimately for the widespread commercial adoption of HTS.

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of a persistent sciatic artery aneurysm. / Diagnostika i khirurgicheskoe lechenie anevrizmy atipichnoi sedalishchnoi arterii.

The persistent sciatic artery is situated superficially in the gluteal region wherein it can be traumatized in normal daily activities: during a prolonged sitting position or while attempting to sit down. This leads to an early atherosclerotic lesion of the sciatic artery, to the development of aneurysmatic dilatation, and damage to the arterial wall. The present article describes a 72-year-old female patient presenting with a persistent sciatic artery of the left leg and a PSA aneurysm which consequently resulted in critical ischaemia of her left lower limb. This abnormality was detected during an examination and the woman was subjected to the operation of internal iliac-posterior tibial bypass grafting using an autologous vein with ligation of the sciatic artery. The bypass graft has been functioning for 5 months, with no events of critical ischaemia.

[Clinical and morphologic aspects of surgery choice by postoperative anterolateral and lateral ventral hernias].

Clinical picture, diagnostic features and operative techniques in patients with postoperative anterolateral and lateral ventral hernias have been analyzed. Synthetic endoprosthesis were comparatively tested on human dermal fibroplast cell cultures. Taking into account and practical use of the obtained results allowed the recurrence rate decrease from 63 to 6%.

[Complex treatment of the patients with postoperative ventral hernia].

Overall 605 patients with postoperative ventral hernia underwent plasty of anterior abdominal wall by combined methods and on-lay or in-lay disposition of synthetic implant. Concomitant diseases were diagnosed 432 (71.4%) patients that required 495 simultaneous operations at 283 (43.8%) patients. Wound complications after surgery were seen at 21 (3.47%) patients. Long-term results were followed-up to 11 years: recurrences of hernia were diagnosed at 12 (1.9%) patients, 3 (0.5%) patients died due to pulmonary embolism. It is concluded that the treatment of patients with postoperative ventral hernia requires complex approach and leads to good short- and long-term results.

[State-of-the-art of mathematical modeling of postmortal thermodynamics for the time of death determination].

Mathematical modeling of postmortal themperature used at present for definition of prescription of the death is shown in the article from a position of theory ofprobablibistic functions. Accuracy of examined techniquies is analized by comparison of modeled temperatures with real, fixed by the authors on a material of 158 expert supervisions. The conclusion about inadmissibility of practical use of some mathematical expressions is made in connection with low accuracy of the mathematical device used in them.

[Using some modern mathematical models of postmortem cooling of the human body for the time of death determination].

Mathematical questions of data errors of modern thermometrical models of postmortem cooling of the human body are considered. The main diagnostic areas used for thermometry are analyzed to minimize these data errors. The authors propose practical recommendations to decrease data errors of determination of prescription of death coming.

[Impact of age and type of behavior on the course of ulcer disease].

AIM: To study features of ulcer disease (UD) course with reference to a biological age, type of behavior, quality of life for recommendations on psychological rehabilitation of these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Examination of 111 gastroduodenal UD patients determined type of behavior, correlation of biological age (BA) and due biological age (DBA), quality of life (QL). RESULTS: An unfavourable BA/DBA correlation was found in 71.1% cases, in which patients over 45 years of age had a larger ulcer defect size. Behavior type A with shorter scarring was observed in 30.9% patients. Lower QL was explained by sleep disorders, pain, emotional reactions, the demand in continuous treatment, diet, limited physical exercise. UD patients have a low QL index and a high index of the disease severity. These parameters are higher in unfavorable correlations between BA and DBA and in patients with type A behavior. CONCLUSION: UD patients have behavioral peculiarities dependent on BA and affecting the disease course and QL.

[Spitz's nevus: differential diagnosis with malignant skin melanoma]. / Nevus Spitts: differentsial'naia diagnostika so zlokachestvenno' melanomo' kozhi.

Spitz's nevus is one of the most frequent simulators of malignant melanoma of the skin. Histological features of this nevus and differential diagnosis with so-called melanoma with minimum deviation are discussed.

[Contemporary trends in surgery of adrenal glands]. / Sovremennye aspekty khirurgii nadpochechnikov.

There have been analysed the records of suprarenectomy in 459 patients with Conn' syndrome, syndrome of Icenko-Cushing as well as with androsteroma, pheochromocytoma and other tumors, who were operated in the clinic of abdominal surgery of S.P. Fedorov Russian Military Medical Academy. On the base of retrospective analysis the most actual aspects in surgery of the adrenal glands and the ways of the development of this branch of medicine have been determined. High effectiveness and perspectiveness of endovideosurgical removal of the adrenal glands is shown. Original and tested methods of choice of surgical approach, prophylaxis and treatment for some complications of suprarenectomy (adrenal insufficiency, Nelson' syndrome, etc.) are proposed. Substantiated policy in so-called hormono-inactive tumors of the adrenal glands is proposed.

[Congenital ichthyosiform erythrodermas: aspects of their etiology and pathogenesis]. / Vrozhdennye ikhtioziformnye éritrodermii: nekotorye aspekty étiologii i patogeneza.

The term "inherited ichthyosiform erythrodermia" (IIE) designates a heterogeneous group of inherited disturbances of keratinization. Lamellar ichthyosis (LI), inherited nonbullous ichthyosiform erythrodermia, bullous inherited ichthyosiform erythrodermia (BIIE) and some other conditions. Processes of terminal cell differentiation and epidermal keratinization are affected in all the above conditions. A decrease of transglutaminase activity is observed in L1, this being connected with mutations in chromosomes 14q, 2g33-35. In BIIE which is characterized by dense groups of tonofilaments in the suprabasal layer, mutations of keratin I and X coded by chromosomes 2 and 17 are identified. When sporadic forms of the disease occur, the main question is establishment of the genotype-phenotype correlation which depends on detailed characteristics of each patient and accurate study of the ultrastructural disturbances.

[Primary skin lymphomas: phenotypic characteristics of major clinical variants, classification]. / Pervichnye limfomy kozhi: fenotipicheskaia kharakteristika osnovnykh klinicheskikh form, klassifikatsii.

Clinicomorphological characteristics of the most frequent forms of primary malignant skin lymphoma are given and their place in classifications of systemic diseases of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue is shown. The use of specialized dermatological classification in practice of dermatologists is recommended.

[The immunocompetent structures of the skin and their role in the development of primary skin lymphomas]. / Immunokompetentnye struktury kozhi i ikh rol' v razvitii pervichnykh kozhnykh limfom.

Participation in immune reactions of main morphological skin structures (epidermal cells, skin associated lymphoid tissue, macrophagal and vascular systems) is described. Cooperation of these systems in immune reaction by means of complementary receptors on the cell membranes, adhesive molecules, cytokines and lymphokines is discussed. Primary malignant skin lymphomas are considered as tumors of the skin immune system.

Aldosterone content in plasma, erythrocytes and skeletal muscles in Icenko-Cushing's syndrome.

Aldosterone concentration was measured in plasma, erythrocytes and skeletal muscles in 34 patients with Icenko-Cushing's syndrome (ICS). It was established that aldosterone levels in the erythrocytes and whole blood of these patients were elevated, while aldosterone content in the plasma and muscular tissue of the patients was normal. Only in a small group of patients (N = 4) aldosterone levels positively correlated with arterial pressure (BP) and central hemodynamic parameters. Following 10 minutes of headdown tilt (-15 degrees), erythrocyte aldosterone level in the group of healthy controls (N = 12) was markedly elevated, but not in the group of patients with ICS. The results of the study suggest that erythrocytes can be viewed as a mobile aldosterone "depot" and may operate to mediate depressor effects of certain hormones on central hemodynamics.

[The clinico-morphological diagnosis of cancer of the sweat glands]. / Kliniko-morfologicheskaia diagnostika raka potovykh zhelez.

Comprehensive clinical, morphologic, and ultrastructural studies of 12 cases with various forms of carcinoma of the sweat glands permitted distinguishing the clinical nodular and papular-cystic forms. Histologically malignant analogs of benign tumors, primary adenocarcinomas, and unclassified tumors are distinguished. The histogenetic appurtenance of the tumors of the latter group may be identified only by ultrastructural studies that help detect a number of organ specificity signs. Electron microscopy used in the diagnosis of poorly differentiated tumors of the skin helps carry out adequate therapeutic strategy and permitted a better validated prediction.

[Disordered keratinocyte differentiation in epidermal tumors and mycosis fungoides]. / Narushenie differentsirovki keratinotsitov pri épidermal'nykh opukholiakh i gribovidnom mikoze.

The immunocytochemical method with monoclonal antibodies to human and murine epidermis basal-cell antigen (BCAg) has been used in studies on the disorders in keratinocyte differentiation in epidermal tumors and mycosis fungoides. The fluorescence intensity augmented and BCAg distribution in the cytoplasm grew more diffuse as the degree of the tumor cell differentiation lowered. In mycosis fungoides the BCAg reaction has been positive first in the suprabasal layers; as the disease progressed, the fluorescence has involved the entire epidermis. The BCAg test is a sensitive tool for estimating the epidermal cell maturity in processes associated with impaired differentiation of keratinocytes.