Two synthetic steroid analogs reduce human respiratory syncytial virus replication and the immune response to infection both in vitro and in vivo.

HRSV is responsible for many acute lower airway infections and hospitalizations in infants, the elderly and those with weakened immune systems around the world. The strong inflammatory response that mediates viral clearance contributes to pathogenesis, and is positively correlated with disease severity. There is no specific effective therapy on hand. Antiviral synthetic stigmastanes (22S, 23S)-22,23-dihydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one (Compound 1) and 22,23-dihydroxystigmasta-1,4-dien-3-one (Compound 2) have shown to be active inhibiting unrelated virus like Herpes Simplex type 1 virus (HSV-1) and Adenovirus, without cytotoxicity. We have also shown that Compound 1 modulates the activation of cell signaling pathways and cytokine secretion in infected epithelial cells as well as in inflammatory cells activated by nonviral stimuli. In the present work, we investigated the inhibitory effect of both compounds on HRSV replication and their modulatory effect on infected epithelial and inflammatory cells. We show that compounds 1 and 2 inhibit in vitro HRSV replication and propagation and reduce cytokine secretion triggered by HRSV infection in epithelial and inflammatory cells. The compounds reduce viral loads and inflammatory infiltration in the lungs of mice infected with HRSV.

orsai, the Drosophila homolog of human ETFRF1, links lipid catabolism to growth control.

BACKGROUND: Lipid homeostasis is an evolutionarily conserved process that is crucial for energy production, storage and consumption. Drosophila larvae feed continuously to achieve the roughly 200-fold increase in size and accumulate sufficient reserves to provide all energy and nutrients necessary for the development of the adult fly. The mechanisms controlling this metabolic program are poorly understood. RESULTS: Herein we identified a highly conserved gene, orsai (osi), as a key player in lipid metabolism in Drosophila. Lack of osi function in the larval fat body, the regulatory hub of lipid homeostasis, reduces lipid reserves and energy output, evidenced by decreased ATP production and increased ROS levels. Metabolic defects due to reduced Orsai (Osi) in time trigger defective food-seeking behavior and lethality. Further, we demonstrate that downregulation of Lipase 3, a fat body-specific lipase involved in lipid catabolism in response to starvation, rescues the reduced lipid droplet size associated with defective orsai. Finally, we show that osi-related phenotypes are rescued through the expression of its human ortholog ETFRF1/LYRm5, known to modulate the entry of ß-oxidation products into the electron transport chain; moreover, knocking down electron transport flavoproteins EtfQ0 and walrus/ETFA rescues osi-related phenotypes, further supporting this mode of action. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that Osi may act in concert with the ETF complex to coordinate lipid homeostasis in the fat body in response to stage-specific demands, supporting cellular functions that in turn result in an adaptive behavioral response.

Multidisciplinary consensus on the criteria for fertility preservation in cancer patients.

Infertility is one of the main sequelae of cancer and its treatment in both children and adults of reproductive age. It is, therefore, essential that oncologists and haematologists provide adequate information about the risk of infertility and the possibilities for its preservation before starting treatment. Although many international clinical guidelines address this issue, this document is the first Spanish multidisciplinary guideline in paediatric and adult oncological patients. Experts from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology, the Spanish Fertility Society, the Spanish Society of Haematology and Haemotherapy, the Spanish Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology and the Spanish Society of Radiation Oncology have collaborated to develop a multidisciplinary consensus.

In vitro cytotoxicity study of superparamagnetic iron oxide and silica nanoparticles on pneumocyte organelles.

Inhalation is the main route of nanoparticles (NP) exposure during manufacturing. Although many mechanisms of toxicity have been described, the interaction of NP with relevant pneumocytes organelles is not widely understood. Considering that the physicochemical properties of NP influence their toxicological responses, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether exposure to different NP, crystalline Fe3O4 NP and amorphous SiO2 NP could alter pneumocytes organelles in alveolar epithelial cells. To achieve this goal, cell viability, ultrastructural changes, lysosomal damage, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), lipid droplets (LD) formation and cytokines production were evaluated by MTT, electron microscopy, lysotracker red staining, JC-1, Oil Red staining and Milliplex® assay respectively. Both NP were observed within lamellar bodies (LB), lysosomes, and cytoplasm causing morphological changes. Exposure to SiO2 NP at 6 h induced lysosomal activation, but not Fe3O4 NP. MMP decreased and LD increased at the highest concentrations after both NP exposure. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were released only after SiO2 NP exposure at 48 h. These results indicate that SiO2 NP have a greater impact than Fe3O4 NP on organelles responsible for energy, secretion, degradation and metabolism in pneumocytes leading to the development of respiratory disorders or the exacerbation of preexisting conditions. Therefore, the established biocompatibility for amorphous NP has to be reconsidered.

Exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) promotes the loss of alveolar epithelial phenotype of A549 cells.

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer that is metabolized to mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP). Inhalation is an important exposure route for both phthalates, and their effects on lungs include inflammation, alteration of postnatal maturation (alveolarization), enlarged airspaces and cell differentiation changes, suggesting that alveolar epithelial cells-2 (AEC) are targets of phthalates. This study evaluated the cell progression, epithelial and mesenchymal markers, including surfactant secretion in A549 cells (AEC) that were exposed to DEHP (1-100 µM) or MEHP (1-50 µM) for 24-72 h. The results showed an increased cell proliferation at all concentrations of each phthalate at 24 and 48 h. Cell migration showed a concentration-dependent increase at 24 and 48 h of exposure to either phthalate and enlarged structures were seen. Decreased levels of both surfactants (SP-B/SP-C) were observed after the exposure to either phthalate at 48 h, and of SP-C positive cells exposed to MEHP, suggesting a loss of the epithelial phenotype. While a decrease in the epithelial marker E-cadherin and an increase in the mesenchymal marker fibronectin were observed following exposure to either phthalate. Our results showed that DEHP and MEHP altered the structure and migration of A549 cells and promoted the loss of the epithelial phenotype.

Estudio comparativo de prácticas e intervenciones comunitarias destinadas al consumo de frutas y verduras en Misiones, Formosa, Salta y Río Negro / Comparative study of community practices and interventions aimed at the consumption of fruits and vegetables in Misiones, Formosa, Salta and Río Negro

INTRODUCCIÓN La salud alimentaria constituye un área prioritaria a nivel de política pública en Argentina. Existen diversos programas a nivel nacional, provincial y local que abordan la temática de salud alimentaria tanto desde la visión sanitaria como de producción y consumo de alimentos. Según las estadísticas nacionales y de acuerdo con las metas internacionales propuestas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), la alimentación de la población argentina no alcanza el nivel adecuado de consumo de frutas y verduras, lo que provoca malnutrición y repercute en enfermedades y déficits de crecimiento y desarrollo. OBJETIVOS Evaluar los programas y las prácticas alimentarias (PA) respecto al consumo de frutas y verduras en niños/niñas y mujeres embarazadas de zonas rurales de las provincias de Misiones, Formosa, Salta y Río Negro. MÉTODOS Se realizó un estudio cuali-cuantitaivo, con comparación de estudios de casos. Se efectuaron observaciones y 75 entrevistas en total 32 a mujeres rurales, 29 a profesionales y agentes sanitarios (AS), 12 a técnicos extensionistas (TE) y 2 a otros actores. RESULTADOS Se analizaron los datos recogidos y se realizó una categorización con el software ATLAS.ti. A partir de esto, se hizo un análisis donde se observó que las intervenciones destinadas a la salud alimentaria y el consumo de frutas y verduras (CFV) se ven influidas por las pautas socio-culturales, que determinan las prácticas cotidianas de la población. DISCUSIÓN La relevancia de este proyecto radica en promover la recuperación crítica del saber y la discusión colectiva de las experiencias que viven los diferentes actores, contribuyendo de esta manera a la construcción de hábitos alimentarios saludables y duraderos. Como estrategia se considera necesario sumar en dichas intervenciones a los actores involucrados en las escuelas y comedores, articulando con AS, TE y profesionales de la salud.

Morphological stabilization and KPZ scaling by electrochemically induced co-deposition of nanostructured NiW alloy films.

We have assessed the stabilizing role that induced co-deposition has in the growth of nanostructured NiW alloy films by electrodeposition on polished steel substrates, under pulsed galvanostatic conditions. We have compared the kinetic roughening properties of NiW films with those of Ni films deposited under the same conditions, as assessed by Atomic Force Microscopy. The surface morphologies of both systems are super-rough at short times, but differ at long times: while a cauliflower-like structure dominates for Ni, the surfaces of NiW films display a nodular morphology consistent with more stable, conformal growth, whose height fluctuations are in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class of rough two-dimensional interfaces. These differences are explained by the mechanisms controlling surface growth in each case: mass transport through the electrolyte (Ni) and attachment of the incoming species to the growing interface (NiW). Thus, the long-time conformal growth regime is characteristic of electrochemical induced co-deposition under current conditions in which surface kinetics is hindered due to a complex reaction mechanism. These results agree with a theoretical model of surface growth in diffusion-limited systems, in which the key parameter is the relative importance of mass transport with respect to the kinetics of the attachment reaction.

Peculiarities of the obese patient with cancer: a national consensus statement by the Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology.

The relationship between obesity and cancer is clear and is present at all times during course of the disease. The importance of obesity in increasing the risk of developing cancer is well known, and some of the most prevalent tumours (breast, colorectal, and prostate) are directly related to this risk increase. However, there is less information available on the role that obesity plays when the patient has already been diagnosed with cancer. Certain data demonstrate that in some types of cancer, obese patients tolerate the treatments more poorly. Obesity is also known to have an impact on the prognosis, favouring lower survival rates or the appearance of secondary tumours. In this consensus statement, we will analyse the scientific evidence on the role that obesity plays in patients already diagnosed with cancer, and the available data on how obesity control can improve the quality of daily life for the cancer patient.

Nodular Arteriolar Hyalinosis as Histopathologic Hallmark of Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephrotoxicity: Does It Always Have the Same Meaning?

INTRODUCTION: Nodular arteriolar hyalinosis (NAH) is a typical, although not specific, histological finding of calcineurin inhibitor toxicity (CNIT). The objective of our study was to assess the reason why some patients showing strong NAH in renal graft biopsies who underwent calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) withdrawal presented very poor outcome whereas others improved graft function. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed 207 renal graft biopsies between January 2011 and May 2014 due to clinical criteria. In 13 patients CNI withdrawal was performed, and the major histopathological finding was severe NAH. The results after this action were analyzed. RESULTS: We selected 2 groups: good outcome and poor outcome. Eight patients showed good results including stabilization or improvement of graft function. Five patients presented poor results requiring chronic hemodialysis. C4d staining was negative in all biopsy specimens, and peritubular capillaritis was not observed. To identify potential prognostic markers we retrospectively reviewed biopsy samples looking for minor or nonspecific features, especially inflammation scores both global and on fibrotic areas as per Banff classification. Mean serum creatinine level at time of biopsy and mean arteriolar hyalinosis score did not show significant differences between both groups. In contrast, the poor results group presented a higher mean global inflammation score compared with the good results patients. CONCLUSIONS: NAH is not a risk factor for poor renal graft outcome by itself. Other histopathologic findings, usually considered as secondary markers, like the inflammation score, should be considered before deciding CNI withdrawal.

Obesity as a risk factor in cancer: A national consensus of the Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology.

In the last few years, many prospective studies have demonstrated a clear association between obesity and cancers of the colon and rectum, breast in post-menopausal women, endometrium, kidney, oesophagus and pancreas. Obesity is also associated with a high risk of recurrence and cancer-related death. The pathophysiology of obesity involves various changes that may be implicated in the relationship between obesity and cancer, such as excess inflammatory cytokines and chronic inflammation, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, and raised leptin and oestrogens. The Spanish Society for the Study of Obesity and the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology have signed a cooperation agreement to work together towards reducing the impact of obesity in cancer. Preventing obesity prevents cancer.

[Nutritional risk factors in patients with head and neck cancer in oncology care center Michoacan state]. / Factores de riesgo nutricional en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello en el Centro de Atención Oncológica del estado de Michoacán.

UNLABELLED: The head and neck cancer in Michoacán, Mexico, ranks as the third most common cancer and accounts for 12% of deaths. The increase in malnutrition in a patient with this disease has been associated with increased mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied prospectively 30 patients of both sexes, aged 18 years with head and neck cancer in the Cancer Care Center of Michoacan. In the evaluation period since August 2010 to August 2011. Formats were used VGS-Oncology (Subjective Global Assessment), NRS 2002 (Nutritional risk screen) and Guss (Gugging Swallowing Screen), through which nutritional risk was determined, and established the swallowing capacity of the study population. RESULTS: In our study, 53.3% of the population had moderate malnutrition according to the VGS Oncology, 33% weight loss record. The NRS 2002 show that 43.3% is at risk of malnutrition. The degree of dysphagia is shown more often in older patients, cancer type and stage of illness. CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional risk scales relate directly proportional to tumor location and stage, as well, there are other different oncological factors involved in the patient's nutritional deterioration. Therefore it is of vital importance to have a nutritionist as part of the multidisciplinary team, to detect the nutritional risk and to be able to handle it in an opportune way.

En Michoacán, México, el cáncer de cabeza y cuello (CCC), es el tercer tipo de cáncer más frecuente y representa el 12% de las defunciones. El incremento de la desnutrición en un paciente con CCC se ha relacionado con el aumento en la mortalidad. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron de forma prospectiva 30 pacientes de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años de edad con cáncer de cabeza y cuello del Centro de Atención Oncológica del Estado de Michoacán. En el periodo de evaluación comprendido de agosto de 2010 a agosto de 2011. Se utilizaron los formatos de VGS-Oncológico (Valoración Global Subjetiva), NRS 2002 (Nutritional risk screen) y GUSS (Gugging Swallowing Screen), por medio de los cuales se determinó el riesgo nutricional, y se estableció la capacidad deglutoria de la población estudiada. Resultados: El 53,3% de la población presento desnutrición moderada según la VGS Oncológica, El 33% registro pérdida de peso. La NRS 2002 muestro que el 43,3% se encuentra en riesgo de desnutrición. El grado de disfagia se muestra con mayor frecuencia en aquellos pacientes de mayor edad, el tipo cáncer que comprometía la vía oral y el estadio de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Las escalas de riesgo nutricional se relacionan de manera directamente proporcional con la localización del tumor y el estadio, además, existen otros factores distintos a los oncológicos que participan en el deterioro nutricional del paciente. Por lo cual es de vital importancia contar con un nutriólogo como parte del equipo multidisciplinario, para detectar el riesgo nutricional y poder manejarlo de manera oportuna.

Depresión y función cognitiva de adultos mayores de una comunidad urbano marginal / Depression and cognitive function of older adults in a marginal urban community

Introducción: La salud psíquica y cognitiva de los adultos mayores puede presentar cambios relacionados con el envejecimiento. Con frecuencia la depresión conlleva deterioro cognitivo, condiciones que deben identificarse para la detección oportuna y prevención de daños. Objetivo: Identificar la asociación existente entre depresión y función cognitiva del adulto mayor, para orientar la planeación de estrategias de intervención educativa. Método: Estudio descriptivo-transversal-correlacional en 252 adultos mayores de ambos sexos. Instrumentos: Test de Yesavage (sensibilidad del 84% y especificidad del 95%) y Mini-mental State Examination (sensibilidad de 82% y especificidad de 84%). Análisis con SPSS versión 18, mediante correlación de Spearman. Resultados: Se encontró al 40.1% sin depresión, 3.9% con depresión leve y 25% con depresión establecida; así como 58.3% función cognitiva íntegra y 41.7% deterioro cognitivo. Correlación negativa entre depresión y función cognitiva (r s=-0.242; p=0.000). Discusión: La correlación encontrada es similar a lo reportado en otras investigaciones. Conclusión: Los valores obtenidos con la prueba de correlación de Spearman no mostraron asociación en el sentido esperado.

Introduction: Psychological and cognitive health of older adults can present changes related to aging. Depression often leads to cognitive impairment, conditions to be identified for early detection and prevention of damage. Objective: To identify association between depression and cognitive function of the elderly, to guide the planning of educational intervention strategies. Method: A descriptive, cross-correlation in 252 elderly men and women. Instruments: Test Yesavage (sensitivity 84%, specificity 95%) and Mini-mental State Examination (sensitivity 82%, specificity 84%). Analysis: SPSS v. 18, Spearman correlation. Results: The 40.1% without depression, 3.9% mild depression and 25% established depression; 58.3% whole cognitive function and 41.7% cognitive decline. Negative correlation between depression and cognitive function (r s=-0242; p=0.000). Discussion: The correlation found is similar to that reported in other studies. Conclusion: The values obtained with the Spearman correlation test showed no association in the expected direction.

Lipofundin 20% induces hepatic lipid peroxidation in New Zealand white rabbits / Lipofundin 20% induce peroxidación lipídica hepática en conejos Nueva Zelanda blancos

Objective. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of Lipofundin 20% on lipid peroxidation markers in the liver of New Zealand white rabbits. Materials and methods. The animals were treated with an intravenous injection (2 ml/kg) of the lipid emulsion during 8 days through the marginal ear vein. At the end of the experiment some lipid peroxidation parameters and lipid profile were tested through spectrophotography. Results. Lipofundin was found to induce a significant (p<0.05) increase of malondialdehyde, total hydroperoxides, and peroxidation potential. Also, high levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL - cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were observed in treated animals compared with the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions. Data proved that Lipofundin induces hepatic lipid peroxidation in rabbits, mainly through a mechanism which involves an induction of hyperlipidemia.

Objetivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar los efectos del lipofundin 20% sobre marcadores hepáticos de peroxidación lipídica en conejos blancos Nueva Zelanda. Materiales y métodos. Los animales fueron tratados con una inyección intravenosa (2 ml/kg) de la emulsión lipídica durante 8 días por la vena marginal de la oreja. Al final del experimento algunos marcadores de peroxidación lipídica y el perfil lipídico fueron espectrofotométricamente determinados. Resultados. Se observó que el lipofundin indujo un incremento significativo (p<0.05) de malonildialdehído, hidroperóxidos totales y el potencial de peroxidación. También, altos niveles de colesterol total, triglicéridos, colesterol de LDL y colesterol de HDL fueron observados en los animales tratados respecto a los del grupo control (p<0.05). Conclusiones. Los resultados demostraron que el Lipofundin 20% induce peroxidación lipídica hepática en conejos, principalmente a través de un mecanismo que involucra la inducción de hiperlipidemia.

Neonatology in the emerging countries: the strategies and health-economics challenges related to prevention of neonatal and infant infections.

The prevalence of neonatal and infant infections is higher in emerging countries when compared to the developed world. Major factors associated to this increased frequency include the scarcity of trained health personnel, overcrowding of the neonatal units, late onset and slow advance of feeding, use of formula instead of breastfeeding, failure to comply with handwashing recommendations, and excessive use of antibiotics, resulting in the emergence of resistant strains. Infants discharged home frequently share rooms with a large number of siblings and other cohabitants, increasing the risk of infection by respiratory viruses. Several strategies are described that could decrease these serious problems which impact increasing significantly neonatal and infant mortality rates in developing countries.

Adhesin contribution to nanomechanical properties of the virulent Bordetella pertussis envelope.

Adherence to a biological surface allows bacteria to colonize and persist within the host and represents an essential first step in the pathogenesis of most bacterial diseases. Consequently, the physicochemical properties of the outer membrane in bacteria play a key role for attachment to surfaces and therefore for biofilm formation. Bordetella pertussis is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the respiratory tract of humans, producing whooping cough or pertussis, a highly infectious disease. B. pertussis uses various adhesins exposed on its surface to promote cell-surface and cell-cell interactions. The most dominant adhesin function is displayed by filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA). B. pertussis Tohama I wild-type (Vir+) strain and two defective mutants, an avirulent (Vir-) and a FHA-deficient (FHA-) B. pertussis strains were studied by AFM under physiological conditions to evaluate how the presence or absence of adhesins affects the mechanical properties of the B. pertussis cell surface. Quantitative information on the nanomechanical properties of the bacterial envelope was obtained by AFM force-volume analysis. These studies suggested that the presence of virulence factors is correlated with an increase in the average membrane rigidity, which is largely influenced by the presence of FHA. Moreover, for this system we built a nanoscale stiffness map that reveals an inhomogeneous spatial distribution of Young modulus as well as the presence of rigid nanodomains on the cell surface.

Strains of toxic and harmful microalgae, from waste water, marine, brackish and fresh water.

Some microalgae are economically important in Mexico and the world because they can be potentially toxic. Algal explosive population growths are named harmful algal blooms and are frequently recorded in Mexico. The authors set up potentially toxic microalgae cultures from the Gulf of Mexico (Garrapatas tideland, Barberena river, Carpintero lagoon in Tamaulipas State; Chalchoapan and Catemaco lakes in Veracruz State), from the Mexican Pacific Ocean, Guerrero, Colima and Michoacán States, and from interior water bodies such as Vicente Aguirre dam, Chapultepec lake and several waste water treatment plants. This research is about the diversity and abundance of phytoplankton in relation a specific site because of harmful algal bloom events. Microalgae cultures are useful in order to solve taxonomic problems, to know life cycles, molecular studies, for the study of toxic species, and the isolation of useful metabolites. The cultures for this research are clonal, non-axenic, semi-continuous, 12:12 light/dark photoperiod, 20 ± 1 °C temperature and 90.5 µmol m(-2)s(-1) illumination. Four different culture media were used. This collection is open to the worldwide scientific community as a source of organisms in controlled conditions that can be used as a useful tool for microalgae research work.

Factores clínico patológicos relacionados con el tratamiento de tumores neuroepiteliales, estudio descriptivo de pacientes del Hospital IESS Cuenca / The clinical pathological factors related to treatment, from neuroepithelial tumors, descriptive study to patients in IESS Hospital city Cuenca

OBJETIVO: explorar los factores clínico–patológicos asociados con el procedimiento de resección quirúrgica de neoplasia neuroepitelial, en pacientes del hospital del IESS Cuenca. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: es un estudio descriptivo con referente muestral propositivo no probabilístico, en el que se incluyeron 37 casos consecutivos con tratamiento neuroquirúrgico en adultos con edades entre 20 y 69 años, sobre ésta base se estudiaron los factores:, tiempo con sintomatología hasta el diagnostico, aparición de déficit, presencia de edema cerebral, tipo anatomo–patológico, topografía y elocuencia, finalidad de la intervención y los resultados del procedimiento. RESULTADOS: El tamaño medio del tumor fue de 4,22cm, la proporción entre procedimientos fue amplio 59,5 , limitado 40,5. Hasta el 70,3 de los pacientes intervenidos se caracterizó por lesiones con afectación de aéreas elocuentes. En el 56, 8 se determino la presencia de edema cerebral, se distinguió que el 37,8 sufrieron lesiones que desplazan el parénquima, ésta condición se relacionó con procedimientos de exéresis parcial.

Evaluación y seguimiento de la hidronefrosis prenatal / Evaluation and follow up of prenatal hydronephrosis

Mediante la ultrasonografia prenatal se diagnostican anormalidades urinarias en el 1 por ciento de fetos. De éstas sólo persisten en el 50 por ciento de los recién nacidos (RN). Existen diferencias en la consideración del valor de corte del diámetro anteroposterior de la pelvis (DAP) fetal para definir hidronefrosis prenatal (HNPN) y numerosas controversias en el manejo de RN con ecografía normal o leve dilatación. Objetivos: Determinar inicialmente la incidencia de HN fetal en nuestra población de embarazadas y detectar la persistencia de la HNPRN en los RN, objetivando a su vez la incidencia de reflujo vesicoureteral [RVU] y obstrucción. Material y Métodos: Se revisaron las ecografías de embarazadas de segundo y tercer trimestre controladas en nuestro hospital desde noviembre de 2002 a noviembre de 2004 y ulterior seguimiento de los RN con HNPN detectadas prenatalmente. Resultados: Se analizaron 69 pacientes con 103 UR con HNPN, de los cuales 57 eran de sexo masculino y 12 de sexo femenino. La edad gestacional al momento del diagnóstico fue de X: 33,3 s (r: 22 a 40 s). El tiempo de seguimiento fue de X: 9 meses (r: 1 a 45 m). Veinticinco (24,5 por ciento) de las 103 UR fueron consideradas transitorias prenatales (TP), ya que no persistieron en etapa postnatal, mientras que 78 mostraron dilatación persistente. Sólo seis {6} de éstas, presentaron reflujo vesicoureteral. Del total de los 69 pacientes estudiados 29 (42 por ciento) manifestaron uropatías diversas distribuidas en 15 (22 por ciento) estenosis ureteropiélica (EUP), 7 (10 por ciento) riñón multiquístico (RMQ), 4 (6 por ciento) RVU y 2 (1,5 por ciento) megauréter primario no obstructivo. Conclusiones: De las 103 UR el 24 por ciento normalizaron postnatal y 76 por ciento persistieron. De éstas la EUP fue la más frecuente y el 87,5 por ciento tenía HNPN G. Las HNPN menor igual a 10 mm son poco preocupantes, dado que la mayoría mejoraron y ninguna requirió cirugía. Las HNPN de más de 10 mm persistentes...(AU)