[Successful deployment of a percutaneous aortic valve in a patient with a mitral prosthesis. Risks and technical considerations]. / Implante de válvula aórtica percutánea en paciente con prótesis mitral previa: riesgos y consideraciones técnicas.

The deployment of a percutaneous aortic valve is challenging in patients with a mitral prosthesis. The risk of prosthetic deformation, embolization or dysfunction is higher in this group of patients, which requires a series of technical considerations. We report a successful implantation of an Evolut Pro # 29 self-expanding valve in a 67-year-old female with a previous Starr-Edwards caged-ball mitral prosthesis.

Implante de válvula aórtica percutánea en paciente con prótesis mitral previa: riesgos y consideraciones técnicas / Successful deployment of a percutaneous aortic valve in a patient with a mitral prosthesis: risks and technical considerations

The deployment of a percutaneous aortic valve is challenging in patients with a mitral prosthesis. The risk of prosthetic deformation, embolization or dysfunction is higher in this group of patients, which requires a series of technical considerations. We report a successful implantation of an Evolut Pro # 29 self-expanding valve in a 67-year-old female with a previous Starr-Edwards caged-ball mitral prosthesis.

Resultados a largo plazo de la valvuloplastía mitral con balón / Long term results of mitral balloon valvuloplasty

Background: Mitral balloon valvuloplasty (MBV) is the therapy of choice for the treatment of symptomatic mitral stenosis with suitable anatomy. Although its short and mid-term results are favorable, there is a paucity of information about long-term follow-up. Aim: To assess the late results of MBV. Material and Methods: A cohort of 225 patients aged 8 to 20 years who were subjected to a MBV from 1989 to 2001, was studied. All variables at the time of the procedure, short and long-term results and major events during follow-up (new mitral intervention and mortality) were recorded. Uni and multivariate analysis were used to assess prognosis. Results: The mean follow-up lapse was 13.5 years (range 8 to 20 years). During this period, 88 patients (39.1%) remained event-free and in acceptable functional capacity. Eight percent died, 8% required a second MBV and 43.5% required a surgical mitral valve replacement. A post-procedural area equal or greater to 1.9 cm² was associated with a greater likelihood of free-event survival (log rank test: p = 0.02/Cox proportional regression model: coefficient 0.54, p = 0.04). Conclusions: MBV is effective, although there is a high chance of new interventions in the long-term follow-up. A larger post-procedure mitral area is associated with a better prognosis.

[Long term results of mitral balloon valvuloplasty]. / Resultados a largo plazo de la valvuloplastía mitral con balón.

BACKGROUND: Mitral balloon valvuloplasty (MBV) is the therapy of choice for the treatment of symptomatic mitral stenosis with suitable anatomy. Although its short and mid-term results are favorable, there is a paucity of information about long-term follow-up. AIM: To assess the late results of MBV. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cohort of 225 patients aged 8 to 20 years who were subjected to a MBV from 1989 to 2001, was studied. All variables at the time of the procedure, short and long-term results and major events during follow-up (new mitral intervention and mortality) were recorded. Uni and multivariate analysis were used to assess prognosis. RESULTS: The mean follow-up lapse was 13.5 years (range 8 to 20 years). During this period, 88 patients (39.1%) remained event-free and in acceptable functional capacity. Eight percent died, 8% required a second MBV and 43.5% required a surgical mitral valve replacement. A post-procedural area equal or greater to 1.9 cm² was associated with a greater likelihood of free-event survival (log rank test: p = 0.02/Cox proportional regression model: coefficient 0.54, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: MBV is effective, although there is a high chance of new interventions in the long-term follow-up. A larger post-procedure mitral area is associated with a better prognosis.

[Rapid aspirin desensitization in patients with a history of aspirin hypersensitivity requiring coronary angioplasty. Report of four cases]. / Desensibilización rápida en pacientes con hipersensibilidad a aspirina sometidos a angioplastía coronaria. Reporte de cuatro casos.

Aspirin use is necessary after a coronary angioplasty. It should not be used in patients with a history of hypersensitivity. However, rapid desensitization protocols have been reported to allow its use in such patients. One of these protocols consists in the administration of progressive doses of aspirin, from 1 to 100 mg in a period of 5.5 hours, in a controlled environment. We report four male patients aged 45,49, 59 and 73 years with a history of aspirin hypersensitivity, who were subjected to a coronary angioplasty. In all, the rapid aspirin desensitization protocol was successfully applied, allowing the use of the drug after the intervention without problems.

Desensibilización rápida en pacientes con hipersensibilidad a aspirina sometidos a angioplastía coronaria: Reporte de cuatro casos / Rapid aspirin desensitization in patients with a history of aspirin hypersensitivity requiring coronary angioplasty: Report of four cases

Background: Aspirin use is necessary after a coronary angioplasty. It should not be used in patients with a history of hypersensitivity. However, rapid desensitization protocols have been reported to allow its use in such patients. One of these protocols consists in the administration of progressive doses of aspirin, from 1 to 100 mg in a period of 5.5 hours, in a controlled environment. We report four male patients aged 45,49, 59 and 73 years with a history of aspirin hypersensitivity, who were subjected to a coronary angioplasty. In all, the rapid aspirin desensitization protocol was successfully applied, allowing the use of the drug after the intervention without problems.

[Bacteremia and endarteritis cases secondary to Campylobacter spp. in a metropolitan hospital: our experience along a quarter of a century]. / Bacteriemias e infección endovascular por Campylobacter spp: nuestra experiencia en un cuarto de siglo de historia.

Six cases of bacteremia and one of endarteritis were identified between 1986 and 2010 in a general hospital in Chile. Five of these cases occurred during the second half of this timeframe, Campylobacter fetus predominated (5 out of 7) and the majority of the infections presented during warmer months. The mean age was 32.4 years (range 19 to 63) all had comorbidities, and main clinical manifestations included fever with diarrhea. Four patients developed hypotension and two septic shock. The latter, associated to C. fetus bacteremia, died before microbiological diagnosis. Six out of 7 patients received antimicrobial therapy. During 2004 and 2010, the rates of Campylobacter spp. positive stool cultures in the same hospital increased 4 times, suggesting an emerging profile. Bacteremia and endarteritis by Campylobacter spp. can develop in vulnerable patients and manifest as fever with or without diarrhea. Finding curved or spiral shaped gram negative rods in blood cultures leads to suspect this pathogen. Species identification is of utmost importance due to antimicrobial resistance especially in C. jejuni. Prognosis is unfavorable due to host characteristics, and case-fatality rate is high.

Bacteriemias e infección endovascular por Campylobacter spp: nuestra experiencia en un cuarto de siglo de historia / Bacteremia and endarteritis cases secondary to Campylobacter spp. in a metropolitan hospital: Our experience along a quarter of a century

Six cases of bacteremia and one of endarteritis were identified between 1986 and 2010 in a general hospital in Chile. Five of these cases occurred during the second half of this timeframe, Campylobacterfetus predominated (5 out of 7) and the majority of the infections presented during warmer months. The mean age was 32.4 years (range 19 to 63) all had comorbidities, and main clinical manifestations included fever with diarrhea. Four patients developed hypotension and two septic shock. The latter, associated to C. fetus bacteremia, died before microbiological diagnosis. Six out of 7 patients received antimicrobial therapy. During 2004 and 2010, the rates of Campylobacter spp. positive stool cultures in the same hospital increased 4 times, suggesting an emerging profile. Bacteremia and endarteritis by Campylobacter spp. can develop in vulnerable patients and manifest as fever with or without diarrhea. Finding curved or spiral shaped gram negative rods in blood cultures leads to suspect this pathogen. Species identification is of utmost importance due to antimicrobial resistance especially in C. jejuni. Prognosis is unfavorable due to host characteristics, and case-fatality rate is high.

Se presentan seis casos de bacteriemia y uno de infección vascular por Campylobacter spp, observados en 25 años, con el fin de describir sus características clínicas. Cinco de ellos se registraron en la segunda mitad del período, en concomitancia con el incremento de este agente en el porcentaje de coprocultivos, lo que sugiere un perfil emergente. Las infecciones fueron más frecuentes en los meses cálidos, asociadas principalmente a C. fetus (5 de 7) y a co-morbilidad. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 32,4 años (rango 19 a 63 años) y todos tenían comorbilidades. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron diarrea y fiebre (5 de 7 casos) y dos pacientes cursaron con shock séptico (28,6 por ciento). La evolución fue favorable en cinco pacientes pero los dos que presentaron shock asociado a C. fetus fallecieron (28,6 por ciento). Las bacteriemias o infecciones vasculares por Campylobacter spp., aunque infrecuentes, pueden presentarse en pacientes vulnerables y debutar como cuadros febriles, en presencia o ausencia de diarrea. La identificación de la especie involucrada es de suma importancia debido a la escasa actividad terapéutica de cefalosporinas de tercera generación y quinolonas. El pronóstico de estas bacteriemias es grave debido a las características del hospedero y a su elevada letalidad.

[Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteremia: case report and literature review]. / Bacteriemia por Vibrio parahaemolyticus: Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a facultative anaerobic gram negative rod responsible of sea food-associated diarrhoea. Although less common, it also causes wound infections and bacteraemia. We present a case of bacteraemia by this agent and a review of the literature.

Purpura trombocitopénico idiopatico y embarazo: cesarea versus parto vaginal / Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and pregnancy: cesarean section versus vaginal delivery

Si bien el púrpura trombocitopénico idiomático (PTI) es una patología poco frecuente, su importancia radica en que existe una alta morbimortalidad materno-fetal durante el embarazo, el parto y el puerperio. Es en el parto donde actualmente existe mayor controversia, con respecto a que vía es más recomendable, cesárea o vía vaginal. Nuestro propósito es acortar la brecha de la duda con respecto a ésta incógnita en base a la literatura disponible actualmente tanto a nivel nacional como internacional presentando una revisión bibliográfica sobre el PTI en el embarazo dando una pequeña reseña sobre la fisiopatología de ésta, diagnóstico y tratamiento, centrándonos en la controversia sobre que vía de parto es la más indicada. Se adoptó la estrategia de búsqueda desarrollada en la revisión electrónica de bases de datos, bajo criterios definidos que permitieron identificar los estudios con mejor evidencia posible. En nuestra búsqueda se encontraron 18 trabajos que cumplieran con nuestros criterios de búsqueda. En la literatura no encontramos un trabajo prospectivo randomizado con un buen grado de evidencia y fuerza que afirme una vía por sobre otra. Los trabajos encontrados corresponden a reportes de casos y guías de expertos que recomiendan un manejo por sobre otro. Podemos concluir que la vía del parto se definiría según condiciones obstétricas y no por el nivel de plaquetas fetales encontrados. Además, algunos de los procedimientos para determinar los niveles de plaquetas estarían relacionado a un mayor riesgo de morbimortalidad que la patología base.