[Antibiotic sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae 01, isolated in the Ukraine in 1994]. / Antibiotikochuvstvitel'nost' kholernykh vibrionov 01, vydelennykh na Ukraine v 1994 g.

One thousand and four hundred strains of V. cholerae 01 isolated in 1994 in the Ukraine were studied with respect to their antibiotic susceptibility and resistance. The study showed that it was possible not only to estimate the present tendencies in and the regularities of the change in their character but also to presuppose the probable circulation and incidence of the microbe based on the differences in the susceptibility, frequency and resistance pattern of the strains of V. cholerae 01 isolated from the environment and humans before and during the cholera outbreak. Unlike the strains of V. cholerae 01 isolated from the environment before the outbreak, the strains isolated during the outbreak from the environment and humans were characterized by resistance to levomycetin (chloramphenicol) and streptomycin. The results suggested that the cholera outbreak in 1994 was incidental. The data are useful for cholera epidemic surveillance. However, the final conclusion is possible after investigation of the gene type pattern in the circulating V. cholerae strains.

[Dynamics of changes in antibiotic sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae 01, isolated from environmental objects]. / Dinamika izmenenii antibiotikochuvstvitel'nosti kholernykh vibrionov 01, vydelennykh iz ob"ektov okruzhaiushchei sredy.

The analysis of the dynamics of the antibiotic susceptibility of 442 strains of V. cholerae 01 isolated within 1986-1994 from the environment showed that the susceptibility level was different. Strains of V. cholerae 01 with high susceptibility to tetracyclines, erythromycin, gentamicin, rifampicin and cefazolin and with moderate susceptibility to monomycin, kanamycin, ampicillin, carbenicillin and levomycetin (chloramphenicol) were detected as well as the strains resistant to streptomycin and polymyxin B. The susceptibility of the V. cholerae 01 strains to certain antibiotics (tetracyclines, levomycetin, streptomycin) changed in regard to the isolation time and object and its geographical location. In 1991-1994 a tendency was observed towards an increase in the number of the strains resistant to the drugs. The resistance of the isolates from the objects connected with the vital activity of humans (sewage, washings from the cholera foci, fish from polluted water reservoirs) was higher than that of the isolates from open water reservoirs. There were definite difficulties in the detection of the cultures with antibiotic susceptibility characteristic of various regions because of their different origin. The results of the study were indicative of a necessity of monitoring of the biological properties of V. cholerae 01 isolates from the environment important for cholera control.

[Experimental and clinical study of antibiotics administered intravitreally in endophthalmitis]. / Eksperimental'no-klinicheskoe izuchenie antibiotikov pri intravitreal'nom vedenii pri éndoftal'mitakh.

The concentrations of gentamicin and cefotaxime (claforan) in the humor of the anterior chamber and vitreous body of the eye were estimated in the study on the pharmacokinetics of the antibiotics in rabbits. The antibiotics were administered intravitreally in single doses. It was shown that the residence time of the antibiotics in the therapeutic concentrations in the eye cavity was 48 hours. Cefotaxime proved to be the most efficient agent in the prevention and treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis.

[The microbiology of halophilic vibrios]. / Mikrobiologiia galofil'nykh vibrionov.

The current literature data and results of the authors' studies on the taxonomy and biological characteristics of halophilic Vibrio such as V. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus are presented. The morphological, cultural, biochemical and fermentative properties, phages, virulence, antigenic structure, resistance to the environment and ecology of the microbes and their susceptibility to antibiotics of various chemical groups are described.

[The compound "eric" in the treatment of bronchopulmonary diseases]. / Preparat "érik" v lechenii bronkholegochnykh zabolevanii.

The drug erik was used in 32 patients with chronic bronchitis and acute bacterial pneumonia. Out of 132 strains assessed for sensitivity, 94 (68.6%) were sensitive to the above antibiotic, the rest demonstrated moderate sensitivity or drug resistance. The dose 0.5 g persisted in the blood for up to 12 hours allowing its use three times in 24 hours. The response was achieved in 32 patients (72.18%).

[Sensitivity of Vibrio and Aeromonas to antibiotics]. / Chuvstvitel'nost' k antibiotikam vibrionov i aéromonad.

The antibiotic sensitivity of 696 cultures belonging to the family Vibrionaceae (V. cholerae O1, V. cholerae non-O1, V. albensis, V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus and Aeromonas spp.) was studied and general regularities of the antibiotic sensitivity were shown: a high sensitivity to broad-spectrum antibiotics (tetracycline and chloramphenicol) and a low sensitivity to ++beta lactams (carbenicillin and ampicillin). The comparative examinations revealed similarity in the antibioticograms of V. cholerae O1 (el Tor++), V. cholerae non-O1 and V. albensis, especially the latter two groups, as well as the tested halophilic Vibrio cultures by the range of the MICs, Mo, Me and the nature of the antibiotic resistance. Cultures of V. cholerae and luminescent Vibrio tended to preserve a high sensitivity. High resistance levels were noted in the halophilic Vibrio and Aeromonas cultures. No significant differences in the sensitivity of the strains of various origin (from man and environmental objects) were detected. However, several more resistant strains were isolated from the environmental objects.

[Antibiotic sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae 01 isolated from environmental objects]. / Chuvstvitel'nost' k antibiotikam kholernykh vibrionov 01, vydelennykh iz ob''ektov vneshnei sredy.

The sensitivity of 252 Vibrio cholerae-O1 strains isolated from environmental objects to antibiotics of various groups was assayed by the method of serial dilutions on solid media. The biological characteristics of the isolates are presented. The Vibrio cholerae isolates with serological variation were the most frequent (36.6 per cent), so are the cultures detected by their sensitivity to the specific phages (87.5 per cent). It was found that changes in some biological properties of the strains did not coincide with the changes in the antibiotic sensitivity. The isolates were highly sensitive to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, erythromycin and rifampicin and less sensitive to novobiocin and the other aminoglycosides. The sensitivity to the beta-lactams was the lowest. The resistance determinants were detected in single strains (6.3 per cent), the kanamycin and novobiocin resistance determinants being detected in 15 out of the 16 strains tested. The study showed that the cultures of Vibrio cholerae-O1 isolated from the environmental objects generally preserved their sensitivity to the diverse group antibiotics.

[Qualification requirements for physician-bacteriologists]. / Kvalifikatsionnye trebovaniia k vrachu-bakteriologu.

The authors present the qualification requirements to laboratory physicians specialized in bacteriology. The knowledge and skills of a bacteriologist, necessary for his organizations, methodologic, prophylactic, and diagnostic activities, are listed.

[Antibiotic resistance of Shigella isolated in the Kara-Kalpak A.S.S.R. 1987-1988]. / Antibiotikochuvstvitel'nost' shigell, vydelennykh v Karakalpakskoi ASSR v 1987-1988 gg.

Sensitivity of Shigella spp. isolated in one of the hospitals of Nukus within 1987-1988 and earlier in 1977 and 1985 was studied. S. flexneri 1-5 remained the main causative agents of dysentery on the territory. However, beginning from 1987 there were registered cases of dysentery caused by S. dysenteriae 1. The isolates were most sensitive to cefotaxime, cephaloridine, polymyxin B and gentamicin. The majority of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, levomycetin (chloramphenicol) and streptomycin. No significant changes in the sensitivity levels of the strains isolated in 1987-1988 as compared to those isolated in 1985 were observed.

[Antibiotic sensitivity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in the Turkmene SSR]. / Chuvstvitel'nost' k antibiotikam paragemoliticheskikh vibrionov, vydelennykh na territorii Turkmenskoi SSR.

Sensitivity of 82 cultures of parahemolytic vibrios to 8 antibiotics was studied. It was shown that the majority of the strains were highly sensitive to levomycetin and gentamicin, sensitive to tetracycline, rifampicin, streptomycin, neomycin and kanamycin and resistant to ampicillin.

[Determination of the enterotoxigenicity of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms using the method of suppressing the dehydrogenase activity of the UV mutant Staphylococcus aureus 209 P]. / Opredelenie énterotoksigennosti uslovno-patogennykh mikroorganizmov metodom podavleniia degidrogenaznoi aktivnosti UF-mutanta Staphylococcus aureus 209 P.

The S. aureus 209P UF mutant dehydrogenase activity suppression method was used for detection of enterotoxin of Enterobacteriaceae opportunistic bacteria. Comparison of V. cholerae non 01, E coli and K. pneumonia toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains, neutralization test with antitoxic anticholera serum, comparative study of toxigenicities in paw edema test (according to Yu. P. Vartanyan) have shown that Escherichia and Klebsiella toxigenic strains can suppress S. aureus 209P UF mutant dehydrogenase activity, which fact permits the employment of this method for the detection of opportunistic bacteria enterotoxigenicity.

[A stat-method of determining antibiotic concentration in biological fluids]. / Ekspress-metod opredeleniia kontsentratsii antibiotikov v biologicheskikh zhidkostiakh.

The rapid method for measuring antibiotic concentrations in biologic substrates, developed by the authors, is based on the suppression of Staphylococcus aureus 209 P test culture dehydrogenase activity. Comparison of the rapid method and the routine agar diffusion test has shown a high correlation of the results, the correlation coefficient r being 0.84-0.93 and its probability 99.9%. The new technique permits getting an answer in 4 hours, is simple, and saves nutrient media.

[Determination of the sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotics using a synthetic liquid culture medium]. / Opredelenie chuvstvitel'nosti Pseudomonas aeruginosa k antibiotikam v zhidkoi sinteticheskoi pitatel'noi srede.

Antibiotic sensitivities of 120 Ps. aeruginosa strains isolated from patients and environmental objects have been studied by microdilutions in modified Jorgensen's liquid synthetic nutrient medium. Use of "transitional" concentrations of antibiotics permits a simultaneous examination of the sensitivities of 7-8 Ps. aeruginosa cultures to 6-11 antibiotics. The simplicity, low price, low consumption of nutrient medium, sufficient accuracy and good reproducibility of the results recommend this method for laboratory practice.

[Vibrio and aeromonad sensitivity to the vibriostatic O 129]. / Chuvstvitel'nost' vibrionov i aéromonad k vibriostatiku O129.

Sensitivity of vibrios and aeromonads to vibriostatic O129 (2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropyl pteridine) was studied. The vibrios and aeromonads were isolated in the USSR. The tests were performed with disks made in the USSR and Great Britain. The content of the drug in the disks was 10 and 150 micrograms. It was shown that V. cholerae O1 V. cholerae not O1 and V. albensis were highly sensitive to vibriostatic O129 and produced no growth in the presence of either low or high concentrations of the drug. Halophilic vibrios and 26.3 per cent of the aeromonads resistant to low concentrations of the drug were less sensitive to the vibriostatic. The aeromonads and plesiomonads were resistant to the drug. The reaction to vibriostatic O129 was found to be one of the biological features of vibrios and aeromonads which can be used for differentiation of genera Vibrio and Aeromonas and within genus Vibrio as a taxonomic criterion.

[Use of a new method for restoring the type properties of atypical Vibrio cholerae]. / Ispol'zovanie novogo metoda dlia vosstanovleniia tipichnykh svoistv u atipichnykh kholernykh vibrionov.

Subcultures with a number of signs characteristic of epidemically significant strains have been isolated from cholera vibrios, nonpathogenic and atypical in a number of properties, by a new in vitro method developed by the authors. This method makes it possible to increase the virulence of poorly agglutinating cultures of V. cholerae O1 and their agglutinability with cholera antisera.

[Seasonal fluctuations in the antibiotic sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae]. / Sezonnye kolebaniia chuvstvitel'nosti k antibiotikam u kholernykh vibrionov.

Sensitivity of group 01 Vibrio cholerae to 6 antibiotics including tetracycline, ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, polymyxin M, erythromycin and novobiocin was studied during various seasons within 3 years. The antibiotic sensitivity of the cultures was assayed with the method of two-fold dilutions in solid medium AGV. The "clonal sensitivity" of the populations of the same strains was estimated by the original method developed by the authors. There were observed seasonal biorhythms in manifestation of the physiological functions by Vibrio cholerae reflected in altered "clonal sensitivity" of the populations to the antibiotics, altered multiplication intensity during various periods and seasonal dissociation with respect to the cultural and morphological features in the strains with altered properties.