RESUMO
This chapter introduces the reader to the principles of planning, the common tasks conscistent across all disaster responses, and the key components of a disaster preparedness plan. Definitions of the different types of disaster are provided, along with a classification system for disasters based on their common and unique features; onset, duration, and effect (immediate aftermath); and reactive period. The concept of the disaster timeline as an organizational framework for strategic planning is introduced. The five areas of focus in emergency and disaster preparedness, preparedness, mitigacion, response, recovery, and evaluation are addressed. Risk assesment, hazard identification and mapping, and vulnerability analysis are presented as methods for decision-making and planning. The concepts of disasters epidemiology and measurement of the magnitude of a disaster's impact on population health are explored. Situations suggestive of an increased need for planning, such as bioterrorism and hazmat (hazardous material) events, are addressed