Cost-effectiveness analysis of a multicomponent meningococcal serogroup B vaccine in hypothetic epidemic situation in a middle-income country.

UNLABELLED: NmenB vaccine (4CMenB) is now available, but studies on the cost-effectiveness of vaccine introduction in a country outbreak situation are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 4CMenB in the context of a hypothetical epidemic outbreak in Chile. We analyzed the direct and indirect costs of acute disease, sequelae and death for each case of meningococcal disease (MD) based on information obtained during the latest NmenB outbreak in Santiago, Chile, occurring between 1993-1999, with an incidence of 5.9/100,000 inhabitants and a mortality of 7.3%. We analyzed the cost of a mass vaccination campaign, considering one dose of 4CMenB for population between 12 months and 25 y of age and 3 doses for infants. Cost-effectiveness analysis was based on 80% and 92% 4CMenB immunogenicity for individual's bellow and over 12 months respectively. Sensitivity analysis was applied to different vaccine costs. RESULTS: The total cost of the epidemic was USD $59,967,351, considering individual cost of each acute case (USD$2,685), sequelae (USD$2,374) and death (USD $408,086). In Chile, the 4CMenB mass vaccination strategy would avoid 215 cases, 61 sequelae, and 16 deaths per year. The strategy would be cost-effective at a vaccine dose cost ≤ of USD$18. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a mass vaccination campaign to control a hypothetical NmenB outbreak in Chile would be cost-effective at a vaccine cost per dose ≤ of USD$18. This is the first report of a cost-effectiveness analysis for use of 4CMenB as a single intervention strategy to control an epidemic outbreak of NmenB.

Circulación de los virus influenza durante la primera ola pandémica en Chile / Circulation of influenza virus during the first pandemic wave in Chile

Se caracteriza el comportamiento de la circulación de los virus respiratorios durante la primera ola del virus influenza pandémico A (H1N1) en 2009 en Chile, a partir de datos del sistema de vigilancia centinela en el sector público como a partir de consultas ambulatorias en el sector privado. La influenza A estacional tuvo escasa circulación durante el período estudiado, lo cual permitió plantear que la influenza A sin tipificar podría corresponder mayoritariamente a influenza pandémica A (H1N1). La importancia relativa del virus pandémico mostró un comportamiento que varió con la edad, afectando en forma más marcada a niños escolares entre 5 y 14 años y adultos jóvenes, y en menor proporción a los niños menores de 5 años, entre los cuales predominó como agente etiológico principal el virus respiratorio sincicial.

Circulation of respiratory viruses during the first wave of pandemic influenza virus A (H1N1) in 2009 in Chile isdescribed, from data extracted from the sentinel surveillance system in the public sector and from outpatient clinics from the private sector. Seasonal influenza A had little circulation during the period studied, which allowed us to suggest that the influenza A without classification could be mainly pandemic influenza A (H1N1). The relative importance of the pandemic virus varied with age, affecting more markedly school children between 5 and 14 years and young adults, and to a lesser extent, children under 5 years, among which the predominant primary etiologic agent was respiratory syncytial virus.