RESUMO
Dengue is a significant health problem due to the high burden of critical infections during outbreaks. In 1997, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified dengue as dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). It was revised in 2009 (updated in 2015), and the new guidelines recommended classifying patients as dengue without warning signs (DNS), dengue with warning signs (DWS), and severe dengue (SD). Although the utility of the revised 2009 classification for clinical studies is accepted, for immunological studies it needs to be clarified. We determined the usefulness of the 2009 classification for pediatric studies that analyze the circulating interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, two inflammatory cytokines. Plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were evaluated in the acute and convalescent phases by flow cytometry in children with dengue classified using the 1997 and 2009 WHO guidelines. The plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were elevated during the acute and decreased during convalescence, and both cytokines served as a good marker of acute dengue illness compared to convalescence. There were no differences in the plasma level of the evaluated cytokines among children with different clinical severity with any classification, except for the IL-8, which was higher in DWS than DNS. Based on the levels of IL-8, the 2009 classification identified DWS plus SD (hospital-treated children) compared to the DNS group [area under the curve (AUC): 0.7, p = 0.028]. These results support the utility of the revised 2009 (updated in 2015) classification in studies of immune markers in pediatric dengue.
Assuntos
Dengue , Interleucina-6 , Interleucina-8 , Organização Mundial da Saúde , Humanos , Dengue/imunologia , Dengue/diagnóstico , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Interleucina-6/sangue , Pré-Escolar , Interleucina-8/sangue , Dengue Grave/diagnóstico , Dengue Grave/imunologia , Dengue Grave/sangue , Adolescente , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Biomarcadores/sangue , Vírus da Dengue/imunologia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Citometria de Fluxo , Lactente , Citocinas/sangueRESUMO
Background: Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is one of the most severe presentations of COVID-19 infection in pediatrics. Currently, we have few studies that describe the characteristics of this condition in Colombian children. Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children hospitalized with MIS-C in Neiva, Colombia. Methods: Observational follow-up study of a cohort of children with MIS-C for 12 months (May 15, 2020, to May 30, 2021) in two hospitals in the city of Neiva. Epidemiological data, clinical characteristics, laboratory characteristics, cardiological evaluation, treatment, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results: We included 34 patients who met the diagnosis of MIS-C. The median age was 68 months. Some type of nutritional issue was observed by 43.75% of those under 5 years of age and by 27.78% of those over 5 years of age. Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most frequent, with vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain being the most frequent by 79, 70, and 67%, respectively. By 77% of the patients, a history of SARS-COV-2 infection was documented through IgG. In the echocardiogram, 35.4% of the patients had systolic dysfunction, followed by coronary involvement by 35%. Conclusion: This study describes a series of cases of children with MIS-C in Colombia. Gastrointestinal manifestations were predominant. Mortality was high in comparison to other countries but similar to that reported in Colombia. This fact was associated with relevant pathological background. More training is required for physicians in order to have a better understanding of the disease so as to have an early diagnosis and timely treatment.
RESUMO
SUMMARY: Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) can develop as a complication of SARS CoV-2 infection, involving the gastrointestinal system mainly by vasoconstriction, edema, glandular hyperplasia, and a procoagulant state leading to direct tissue injury. METHOD: ology: a series of cases including 8 patients with MIS-C treated in two highly complex institutions is presented. These patients, had abdominal symptoms of surgical management. RESULTS: The average age was 9.5 years and the most frequent symptoms were fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea (100%); in addition, 87.5% presented shock. The diagnosis of SARS CoV-2 was confirmed by RT-PCR test in 37.5%, antigen 12.5% and the rest of the patients showed IgM and IgG antibodies. In laboratories, the increase in acute phase reactants, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, as well as troponin, D dimer and proBNP, is highlighted. The surgical outcome documented 2 patients with a normal appendix, 3 patients with edematous appendicitis, and 3 patients with complicated appendicitis. CONCLUSIONS: patients with MIS-C display abdominal symptoms similar to those present in surgical emergencies and a non-negligible number of cases require surgical exploration. This condition poses a new differential diagnosis to the surgical abdomen in pediatric patients.
RESUMO
Resumen Introducción. Las inmunodeficiencias primarias son enfermedades genéticas del sistema inmune que incrementan la susceptibilidad a infecciones. Una de las formas más graves en niños es la inmunodeficiencia combinada severa. Presentación del caso. Se presenta el caso de un niño que fue diagnosticado con inmunodeficiencia combinada severa; este era un paciente masculino de ocho meses que presentó cuadro clínico consistente en múltiples hospitalizaciones debido a infección por citomegalovirus, endocarditis por Candida albicans e infección recurrente de las vías urinarias por Pseudomonas aeruginosa. El perfil inmunológico mostró disminución del número absoluto de células CD3+ y CD19+, lo que permitió realizar el diagnóstico de inmunodeficiencia combinada severa instaurándose manejo; sin embargo, el niño no se recuperó y falleció. Conclusiones. Las inmunodeficiencias primarias son patologías que requieren una intervención oportuna que permita brindar un mejor pronóstico a los pacientes.
Abstract Introduction: Primary immunodeficiencies are genetic disorders of the immune system that increase susceptibility to infections. One of the most serious forms in children is severe combined immunodeficiency. Case presentation: This is the report of the case of an 8-monthold male patient who was diagnosed with severe combined immunodeficiency. The child presented a clinical profile consisting of multiple hospitalizations due to cytomegalovirus infection, endocarditis by Candida albicans and recurrent urinary tract infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The immune profile showed a decrease in the absolute number of CD3+ and CD19+ cells, which led to the diagnosis of severe combined immunodeficiency. Even though management was established, the child did not recover and died. Conclusions: The primary immunodeficiencies are disorders that require timely intervention to provide a better prognosis to patients.
RESUMO
Resumen Introducción. La infección por dengue puede comprometer órganos como el miocardio y el hígado. Tal hecho puede agravar la evolución clínica, por ello estos órganos han sido considerados en la clasificación revisada de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para esta enfermedad. Objetivo. Describir la presencia de afectación por dengue en órganos como miocardio, hígado y sistema nervioso central (SNC) en niños de Neiva, Colombia Materiales y métodos. Este estudio analizó 930 niños con diagnóstico de dengue confirmado que ingresaron al Hospital Universitario Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo de Neiva entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2010. Para el diagnóstico y estratificación clínica se usó la clasificación revisada de la OMS. La infección por dengue se confirmó por detección plasmática de NS1 o IgM específica. Se realizó seguimiento clínico y paraclínico diario durante toda la hospitalización. Resultados. De los 930 niños, 105 fueron clasificados como dengue grave (DG) y, de estos, 19 presentaron órganos afectados. El miocardio fue el más comprometido (14 casos), seguido por el hígado (4 casos) y el SNC (1 caso). Conclusión. El compromiso clínico del miocardio, el hígado o el SNC se observó en el 18% de los casos de niños con DG. Es necesario un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno de esta patología en niños.
Abstract Introduction: Dengue can compromise organs such as the myocardium and the liver. Clinical evolution may be aggravated by this fact, and for that reason, these organs have been considered in the revised classification of the World Health Organization (WHO) for this disease. Objective: To describe the affectation caused by dengue in organs such as the myocardium, the liver and the central nervous system (CNS) in children from Neiva, Colombia. Materials and methods: This study analyzed 930 children diagnosed with confirmed dengue and admitted to the Hernando Moncaleano Perdomo University Hospital of Neiva between January 2009 and December 2010. Diagnosis and clinical stratification were obtained based on the revised WHO classification. Dengue infection was confirmed by NS1 or specific IgM plasma detection. Daily clinical and paraclinical follow-up was performed during the full length of hospital stay. Results: Out of 930 children, 105 were classified as severe dengue (SD) and, of these, 19 had affected organs. The myocardium was the most compromised organ (14 cases), followed by the liver (4 cases) and the CNS (1 case). Conclusion: Clinical involvement of the myocardium, liver or CNS was observed in 18% of the cases of children with SD. A timely diagnosis and treatment of this pathology in children is necessary.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dengue fever is one of the most significant re-emerging tropical diseases, despite our expanding knowledge of the disease, viral tropism is still not known to target heart tissues or muscle. METHODS: A prospective pediatric clinical cohort of 102 dengue hemorrhagic fever patients from Colombia, South America, was followed for 1 year. Clinical diagnosis of myocarditis was routinely performed. Electrocardiograph and echocardiograph analysis were performed to confirm those cases. Immunohistochemistry for detection of dengue virus and inflammatory markers was performed on autopsied heart tissue. In vitro studies of human striated skeletal fibers (myotubes) infected with dengue virus were used as a model for myocyte infection. Measurements of intracellular Ca2+ concentration as well as immunodetection of dengue virus and inflammation markers in infected myotubes were performed. RESULTS: Eleven children with dengue hemorrhagic fever presented with symptoms of myocarditis. Widespread viral infection of the heart, myocardial endothelium, and cardiomyocytes, accompanied by inflammation was observed in 1 fatal case. Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy showed that myotubes were infected by dengue virus and had increased expression of the inflammatory genes and protein IP-10. The infected myotubes also had increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Vigorous infection of heart tissues in vivo and striated skeletal cells in vitro are demonstrated. Derangements of Ca2+ storage in the infected cells may directly contribute to the presentation of myocarditis in pediatric patients.
Assuntos
Vírus da Dengue/fisiologia , Coração/virologia , Músculo Esquelético/virologia , Dengue Grave/patologia , Tropismo Viral , Cálcio/análise , Células Cultivadas , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Colômbia , Citosol/química , Vírus da Dengue/patogenicidade , Ecocardiografia , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Lactente , Mediadores da Inflamação/análise , Masculino , Microscopia , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
Antecedentes. El dengue es la principal enfermedad viral transmitida por vectores en el mundo, con un número creciente de casos en Neiva. La presentación clínica del choque por fiebre dengue hemorrágica (FDH) está demostrando un compromiso de órganos diferentes al endotelio, con una mayor complejidad y gravedad de la enfermedad, probablemente asociado al serotipo circulante. Objetivo. Alertar sobre la aparición de la disfunción orgánica múltiple en niños afectados por dengue.Resultados. Se describe el diagnóstico de disfunción orgánica múltiple en tres niñas; dos niñas de siete meses y una de tres años. Con una evolución de cuatro días de fiebre, ingresaron en estado de choque resistente a la reanimación con cristaloides y coloides, con taquicardia, arritmias ventriculares, CPK MB de 524 UI/L, AST de 2157 UI/L y ALT de 226 UI/L, coagulopatía de consumo con prolongación de TTP y TP sin trombocitopenia severa y alteración metabólica caracterizada por acidemia e hipoglucemia en las tres niñas. Se aplica el puntaje para disfunción orgánica multiple con promedio de 23 y evidencia de mayor compromiso cardíaco, hepático y hematológico. En los tres casos se demostró la presencia de dengue 3 mediante RT-PCR.Discusión. Se compara con reportes similares encontrados en la literatura y se hace una correlación fisiopatológica breve.Conclusión. Se debe empezar a pensar en la presentación de formas de la fiebre dengue hemorrágica que comprometen otros órganos, ampliando la definición de severidad por dengue como en los casos descritos, que faciliten un enfoque e intervención oportuna.
Assuntos
Criança , Vírus da Dengue , Dengue Grave , Insetos VetoresRESUMO
Se presenta el caso de un niño de cinco años previamente sano quien fallece como consecuencia de un cuadro clínico compatible con miocarditis de curso fulminante asociada a fiebre dengue hemorrágica. Se demostró la presencia de virus dengue 1 en el tejido hepático mediante RT-PCR, por lo que se convierte en el primer caso reportado de miocarditis fulminante durante el curso de la infección por virus dengue en Neiva, Colombia.
Assuntos
Criança , Dengue Grave , Miocardite , CriançaRESUMO
En el dengue hemorrágico las manifestaciones inusuales como hepatitis, encefalitis y miocarditis están asociadas a la formas graves y muerte. Objetivo. Discribir las causas de mortalidad por dengue hemorrágico en niños menores de 13 años en el Hospital Universitario de Neiva. Diseño. Estudio descriptivo, con recolección retrospectiva de la información. Lugar. Neiva, Huila. Población. niños menores de 13 años. Mediciones. Se registraron todos los pacientes fallecidos con dignóstico de dengue hemorrágico entre los años 2000 y 2006, para un análisis de variables, clínicas y de laboratorio, por grupos de edad, mediante pruebas no paramétricas. Resultados. De 1448 niños con dengue hemorrágico, 338 ingresaron a la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátrica y hubo 15 casos fatales (letalidad 1,03 por ciento); el 40 por ciento ingreso en el estadio III y el 60 por ciento en el estadio IV. Los síntomas gastrointestinales y signos de fuga vascular estuvieron presentes en el 100 por ciento de los casos. Hubo una mayor tendencia a la hipotensión, menor número de plaquetas y mayor elevación de transaminasas, en el grupo de niños de 1 a 5 años; no hubo diferencias significativas en las variables analizada entre los grupos. Nueve pacientes fallecieron de miocarditis aguda (60 por ciento) con alteraciones del ritmo, de los cuales, dos presentaron elevación de trasaminasas, tres niños por hepatitis aguda (20 por ciento) y tres con coagulación intravascular diseminada (20 por ciento). Conclusión. La mortalidad por dengue hemorrágico no sólo tiene como causa el choque hipovolémico y, en la actualidad debe considerarse el compromiso de órganos como el higado y el miocardio, que contribuye a la evolución fatal.