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1.
Neurocirugía (Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir.) ; 32(1): 21-35, ene.- feb. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-222437

RESUMO

Hasta no hace muchos años, se consideró que el dolor ciático, en la hernia del disco intervertebral lumbar, estaba originado por la compresión sobre la raíz nerviosa. Sin embargo, la hernia del disco intervertebral lumbar presenta cuadros muy heterogéneos inexplicables con el simple compromiso mecánico. En los últimos años, numerosos estudios de inmuhistoquímica y de biología molecular han demostrado que el tejido herniado no es un material inerte sino, por el contrario, biológicamente muy activo con capacidad de expresar una serie de mediadores de inflamación entre los que destacan citoquinas proinflamatorias como la interleuquina1, interleuquina 6, interleuquina 8 y el factor de necrosis tumoral. La inflamación parece estar no solo inducida por la irritación química de las sustancias bioactivas liberadas por el núcleo pulposo, sino también mediante una respuesta autoinmune contra el mismo. Por tanto, además del factor mecánico, la mediación bioquímica tiene un papel importante en la fisiopatología del dolor ciático y de la radiculopatía. A través de una extensa revisión sistemática de la literatura se han investigado los mediadores celulares y moleculares que intervienen en dicho proceso inflamatorio alrededor de la hernia del disco intervertebral lumbar y su implicación en el dolor ciático (AU)


Up until fairly recently, it was thought that sciatic pain in the lumbar herniated disc was caused by compression on the nerve root. However, the lumbar herniated disc shows mixed pictures which are difficult to explain by simple mechanical compromise. In recent years various immunology, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology studies have shown that the herniated tissue is not an inert material, but rather it Is biologically very active with the capability of expressing a series of inflammatory mediators: cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleuquin-8 and tumor necrosis factor being the ones which stand out. The inflammation is not only induced by the chemical irritation of the bioactive substances released by the nucleus pulposus but also by an autoimmune response against itself. Thus, in addition to the mechanical factor, the biomechanical mediation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of sciatic pain and of radiculopathy. Through a review of a wide range of literature, we researched the cellular molecular mediators involved in this inflammatory process around the lumbar herniated disc and its involvement in sciatic pain (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/complicações , Ciática/etiologia , Citocinas/sangue , Inflamação , Radiculopatia/sangue , Radiculopatia/etiologia
2.
Neurocirugia (Astur : Engl Ed) ; 32(1): 21-35, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32169419

RESUMO

Up until fairly recently, it was thought that sciatic pain in the lumbar herniated disc was caused by compression on the nerve root. However, the lumbar herniated disc shows mixed pictures which are difficult to explain by simple mechanical compromise. In recent years various immunology, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology studies have shown that the herniated tissue is not an inert material, but rather it Is biologically very active with the capability of expressing a series of inflammatory mediators: cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleuquin-8 and tumor necrosis factor being the ones which stand out. The inflammation is not only induced by the chemical irritation of the bioactive substances released by the nucleus pulposus but also by an autoimmune response against itself. Thus, in addition to the mechanical factor, the biomechanical mediation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of sciatic pain and of radiculopathy. Through a review of a wide range of literature, we researched the cellular molecular mediators involved in this inflammatory process around the lumbar herniated disc and its involvement in sciatic pain.


Assuntos
Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral , Disco Intervertebral , Radiculopatia , Humanos , Inflamação , Deslocamento do Disco Intervertebral/complicações , Vértebras Lombares/fisiologia , Dor , Radiculopatia/etiologia
3.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 10(1): 55-62, abr. 2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-782622

RESUMO

El objetivo de este estudio establecer si el método de evaluación de la dimensión vertical mediante cefalometría y el convencional con rodillos de articulación, consiguen resultados sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Realización de una revisión sistemática conforme a la metodología PICO del Centro de Medicina Basada en la Evidencia de Oxford. Se formula una pregunta dirigida al objetivo fijado y se elabora una estrategia de búsqueda empleando MeSH key words específicos derivados de la pregunta en la base de datos PubMed hasta 2015 y libros de rehabilitación oral. Se consultan un total de 833 artículos por título, siendo 26 revisados a texto completo. Se analizan trabajos sobre distintos métodos de determinación de la dimensión vertical, haciendo especial hincapié en los basados en métodos cefalométricos. Finalmente 9 artículos cumplen los criterios de inclusión y se realiza una evaluación crítica del nivel de evidencia. No se ha encontrado suficiente evidencia científica que demuestre la repetibilidad de ambos métodos. Es necesario realizar estudios controlados y aleatorizados que comparen ambos métodos para determinar si son repetibles y reproducibles y obtienen resultados sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas.


The objective of this work was to establish if the method of evaluation of the vertical dimension by cephalometry and the common one with joint rollers, obtains results without statistically significant differences. We carried out a systematic review based on the PICO methodology of the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine for Oxford. A question aimed at the objective was made, and a search strategy was developed using specific MeSH key words derived from the question in the Pubmed database up to 2015 and oral rehabilitation books. A total of 833 items were consulted by tittle, and for 26 of these full text was reviewed. Works on different methods for determining the vertical dimension were studied, with special emphasis on those based on cephalometric methods. Finally 9 articles fulfilled the criteria for inclusion and a critical assessment of the evidence level was performed. We did not find sufficient scientific evidence to demonstrate the repeatability of these methods. It is necessary to realize randomized controlled trials comparing both methods to determine if they were statistically repeatable and reproducible.


Assuntos
Humanos , Dimensão Vertical , Cefalometria/métodos , Articulações/anatomia & histologia , Reabilitação Bucal/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
4.
Int. j. odontostomatol. (Print) ; 9(1): 119-127, Apr. 2015. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-747488

RESUMO

El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue evaluar los distintos diseños en el cuello del implante (pulido o tratado, con o sin intercambio de plataforma, o con o sin microespiras) y su posible influencia en la pérdida del hueso marginal periimplantario. Se llevo a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo la metodología PICO del Centro de Medicina Basada en la Evidencia de la Universidad de Oxford. La pregunta dirigida a la consecución de los objetivos fue: ¿Es el diseño del cuello del implante un factor crítico en la conservación del hueso marginal periimplantario? Se emplearon MeSH keywords específicos en las bases de datos Pubmed y Cochrane. Tres revisores independientes se pusieron de acuerdo en los estudios finalmente incluidos, obteniendo un índice de concordancia kappa de 0,88. De estos, se realizó una evaluación crítica del nivel de evidencia y también del riesgo de sesgo de los RCT mediante la Herramienta Cochrane. Se consultaron 445 artículos por título, incluyendo finalmente un total de 16 artículos a texto completo. La heterogeneidad de estos estudios impidió realizar un meta-análisis. No se encontró evidencia de que una determinada configuración del cuello del implante sea mejor que otra en la conservación del hueso marginal periimplantario y sin embargo, parece que una posición apico-coronal yuxtaósea del cuello pulido del implante respecto a la cresta ósea receptora pudiera ser crítica a ese respecto. No se encontró suficiente evidencia sobre la efectividad de las diferentes configuraciones de la región cervical del implante en la preservación del hueso marginal periimplantario. Son necesarios estudios clínicos controlados y aleatorizados a largo plazo para valorar los efectos de dichas modificaciones.


The aim of this systematic review was to assess whether different implant neck designs (polished or coated, with or without platform switching, either with or without microthreads) influence marginal bone resorption. A systematic review was conducted following the PICO methodology of the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine of Oxford University. The question to the achievement of objectives was: Is the design of the implant neck a critical factor in the preservation of marginal bone levels? Specific MeSH keywords were used in the Pubmed and Cochrane databases. Three independent reviewers agreed on the studies ultimately included finding a concordance kappa index of 0.86. Of these articles, acritical evaluation of the level of evidence was performed and also the risk of bias of the RCT using the Cochrane tool. Four hundred forty-five items were reviewed by title, eventually including a total of 16 full-text articles. Heterogeneity of these studies made impossible the performance of a meta-analysis. No evidence that a particular configuration of the implant neck was better than another in preserving the peri-implant marginal bone was found, and yet it seems that an apico-coronal position juxta-osseous of the smooth neck of the implant relative to the bone crest could be decisive. Not enough evidence was found on the effectiveness of different configurations of the cervical region of the implant in the periimplant marginal bone preservation. More randomized controlled trials are needed to assess long-term effects of such modifications.


Assuntos
Humanos , Perda do Osso Alveolar , Implantação Dentária , Maxila , Reabsorção Óssea , Planejamento de Prótese Dentária , Implantação Dentária Endóssea , Peri-Implantite
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