Complicaciones maternas y perinatales en gestantes con lupus: Estudio de casos y controles / Maternal and Perinatal Complications in Pregnant Women with Lupus: Case control Study

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de complicaciones materno-perinatales y factores clínicos asociados a estos resultados en estantes con lupus. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles a partir de historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico en embarazo, entre 2010-2022 en una institución de salud en Medellín-Colombia. Éstas se clasificaron como casos (pacientes con resultados adversos materno-perinatales) y controles (pacientes sin resultados adversos). Resultados: Se incluyó un total de 67 pacientes (35 casos y 32 controles). Las complicaciones maternas más frecuentes fueron los trastornos hipertensivos asociados al embarazo (71,4 %), incluyendo preeclampsia y una presentación importante de partos pretérmino (68,6 %). La nefritis lúpica previa y durante el embarazo, fue más frecuente en los casos que en los controles (31,4 % versus 9,4 %). Los compromisos cardiovasculares, de mucosas y musculo-esquelético, fueron más frecuentes durante el embarazo (31,4 %, 40 % y 34,3 %, respectivamente), coincidiendo con mayor actividad del lupus, principalmente durante el embarazo. El compromiso cardiovascular y de mucosas durante el embarazo, así como tener síndrome antifosfolípido se relacionaron con desenlace materno-perinatal adverso. Conclusión: Componentes clínicos propios de la enfermedad como la nefritis lúpica, el síndrome antifosfolípido, el compromiso cardiovascular, y de mucosas podrían predisponer a desenlaces maternos y/o perinatales adversos como trastornos hipertensivos asociados al embarazo, pretérmino, restricción de crecimiento fetal, entre otros(AU)

Objective: To determine the frequency of maternal-perinatal complications and the clinical factors associated with these outcomes in pregnant women with lupus. Methods: A case-control study was conducted using the medical records of patients diagnosed with pregnancy and lupus in a healthcare institution in Medellin, Colombia, between 2010 and 2022. The patients were classified as cases (patients with adverse maternal-perinatal outcomes) and controls (patients without adverse outcomes). Results: A total of 67 patients (35 cases and 32 controls) were included. The most frequent maternal complications were pregnancyassociated hypertensive disorders (71.4%), including preeclampsia and a significant presentation of preterm deliveries (68.6%). Lupus nephritis prior to and during pregnancy was more frequent in cases than in controls (31.4% versus 9.4%). Cardiovascular, mucosal and musculoskeletal compromises were more frequent during pregnancy (31.4%, 40% and 34.3%, respectively), coinciding with greater lupus activity, mainly during pregnancy. Cardiovascular and mucosal involvement during pregnancy, as well as having antiphospholipid syndrome, were related to adverse maternal-perinatal outcome. Conclusion: Clinical components of the disease such as lupus nephritis, antiphospholipid syndrome, cardiovascular and mucosal involvement, are factors that may predispose these patients to adverse maternal and/or perinatal outcomes, such as hypertensive disorders associated with pregnancy, low birth weight, preterm, fetal growth restriction, among others(AU)

Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with maternal and congenital syphilis - A prospective study in Peru.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to explore the factors and outcomes associated with gestational syphilis in Peru. METHODS: Women from the miscarriage, vaginal delivery, and C-section wards from a large maternity hospital in Lima with or without syphilis diagnosis were enrolled and their pregnancy outcomes compared. Maternal syphilis status using maternal blood and child serostatus using cord blood were determined by rapid plasma reagin (RPR) and rapid syphilis tests. The newborns' clinical records were used to determine congenital syphilis. RESULTS: A total of 340 women were enrolled, 197 were positive and 143 were negative for RPR/rapid syphilis tests. Antibody titers in sera from cord and maternal blood were comparable with RPR titers and were highly correlated (rho = 0.82, P <0.001). Young age (P = 0.009) and lower birth weight (P = 0.029) were associated with gestational syphilis. Of the women with gestational syphilis, 76% had received proper treatment. Mothers of all newborns with congenital syphilis also received appropriate treatment. Treatment of their sexual partners was not documented. CONCLUSIONS: Syphilis during pregnancy remains a major cause of the fetal loss and devastating effects of congenital syphilis in newborns.

Self-Supported Spray-Coated NiFe-LDH Catalyst on a Stainless Steel Substrate for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

In the quest for more efficient and cost-effective electrocatalytic systems, careful selection of catalysts and substrates plays a pivotal role. This study introduces an approach by synthesizing and depositing NiFe-layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) catalysts on commercial AISI 304 substrates by using a low-temperature spray-coating technique. Through systematic investigations, the influence of processing conditions, such as the synthesis, ultrasonic power for having a stable nanoparticle's dispersion, and spray cycle optimization on the electrochemical and morphological properties of the coatings, is thoroughly explored. The results showcase exceptional catalytic performance, achieving an overpotential of 230 mV at 10 mA/cm2, with enhanced stability even at high current densities of 500 mA/cm2. The study highlights the significance of meticulous processing optimization and presents a scalable methodology that holds great potential for developing catalysts for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) and facilitates their integration into industrial processes.

Insulin and the kidneys: a contemporary view on the molecular basis.

Insulin is a hormone that is composed of 51 amino acids and structurally organized as a hexamer comprising three heterodimers. Insulin is the central hormone involved in the control of glucose and lipid metabolism, aiding in processes such as body homeostasis and cell growth. Insulin is synthesized as a large preprohormone and has a leader sequence or signal peptide that appears to be responsible for transport to the endoplasmic reticulum membranes. The interaction of insulin with the kidneys is a dynamic and multicenter process, as it acts in multiple sites throughout the nephron. Insulin acts on a range of tissues, from the glomerulus to the renal tubule, by modulating different functions such as glomerular filtration, gluconeogenesis, natriuresis, glucose uptake, regulation of ion transport, and the prevention of apoptosis. On the other hand, there is sufficient evidence showing the insulin receptor's involvement in renal functions and its responsibility for the regulation of glucose homeostasis, which enables us to understand its contribution to the insulin resistance phenomenon and its association with the progression of diabetic kidney disease.

Monitoring COVID-19 in Colombia during the first year of the pandemic.

Background: COVID-19 cases in Medellín, the second largest city in Colombia, were monitored during the first year of the pandemic using both mathematical models based on transmission theory and surveillance from each observed epidemic phase. Design and Methods: Expected cases were estimated using mandatory reporting data from Colombia's national epidemiological surveillance system from March 7, 2020 to March 7, 2021. Initially, the range of daily expected cases was estimated using a Borel-Tanner stochastic model and a deterministic Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) model. A subsequent expanded version of the SIR model was used to include asymptomatic cases, severe cases and deaths. The moving average, standard deviation, and goodness of fit of estimated cases relative to confirmed reported cases were assessed, and local transmission in Medellin was contrasted with national transmission in Colombia. Results: The initial phase was characterized by imported case detection and the later phase by community transmission and increases in case magnitude and severity. In the initial phase, a maximum range of expected cases was obtained based on the stochastic model, which even accounted for the reduction of new imported cases following the closure of international airports. The deterministic estimate achieved an adequate fit with respect to accumulated cases until the conclusion of the mandatory national quarantine and gradual reopening, when reported cases increased. The estimated new cases were reasonably fit with the maximum reported incidence. Conclusion: Adequate model fit was obtained with the reported data. This experience of monitoring epidemic trajectory can be extended using models adapted to local conditions.

COVID-19, body weight and the neighbourhood: food system dimensions and consumption associated with changes in body weight of Peruvian adults during first wave lockdowns.

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess changes in the dimensions of the food system and consumption associated with body weight variations during the first month's lockdown in Peruvian adults in Metropolitan Lima. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted during the first months of lockdowns in Peru. 694 adults completed a web-based survey about changes experienced in the process of acquiring food during lockdown, changes in their intake and self-perceived body weight. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the factors associated with changes in body weight. Results: Weight gain was perceived in 38% of the participants and 22.8% perceived weight loss. 39.2% did not perceive changes in their weight. Risk factors for body weight gain were increased alcohol consumption (OR=4.510, 95% CI 1.764 to 11.531) and decreased fruit consumption (OR=2.129, 95% CI 1.290 to 3.515), while decreasing cereal intake (OR=0.498, 95% CI 0.269 to 0.922) and choosing nutritious food as a driver for purchase (OR=0.512, 95% CI 0.320 to 0.821) were found to be protective against gaining weight. Decreasing food intake during the pandemic (OR=2.188, 95% CI 1.348 to 3.550) and having to miss important foods (OR=2.354, 95% CI 1.393 to 3.978), were associated with weight loss. Conclusions: During confinement, weight gain was mostly associated with food consumption and personal food system factors. Meanwhile, weight loss was associated with external food system factors.

Feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia

A female Persian cat arrives for clinical assessment with a 3-month history of weight loss and sporadic vomiting. The clinical and paraclinical findings were hypodynamia cachexia, leukocytosis and presence of a mass in duodenum. Histopathological evaluation revealed a non-neoplastic tumor proliferation, which was organized into dense, sclerotic-like connective tissue trabeculae that anastomosed, with cells of spindle-shaped morphology, elongated and rounded nuclei with prominent nucleoli and fine granular chromatin. These cells were intermingled with abundant eosinophils and in smaller proportion lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, with transmural distribution. Masson's trichrome differential staining trabeculae of collagen fibers. Based on the clinical and microscopic findings, the diagnosis of feline eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia is established, being this pathology's first documented report in Colombia.(AU)

Unilateral and Bilateral Post-Activation Performance Enhancement on Jump Performance and Agility.

This study aimed to compare the effects of the post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) of two different types of warm-ups, unilateral and bilateral, on the performance in vertical jumping and agility of healthy subjects with strength training experience. In the study, 17 subjects (12 men and 5 women) performed two different PAPE protocols: unilateral squat (UT) and bilateral squat (BT). The height of the subjects' countermovement jump (CMJ) and the subjects' time to perform the T-agility test (TAT) were measured before and after executing the PAPE warm-up. The squats were performed at a velocity of 0.59 m·s-1 with three sets of three repetitions, with a 3-min rest between sets and a 5-min rest after both uni- and bilateral PAPE warm-ups before taking the tests again. For statistical analysis, we applied ANOVA and calculated the effect size. The results showed that the PAPE for each case decreased the CMJ height but generated significant improvements in the total time taken for the T-agility test (p < 0.01); however, in both cases, the effect sizes were trivial. In conclusion, it is possible to observe that the PAPE, performed both unilaterally and bilaterally, negatively affects the performance in the vertical jump, showing moderate effect sizes. However, both PAPE protocols show performance benefits in agility tests, with a large effect size for the unilateral protocol and moderate for the bilateral protocol.

Surrogate test performance for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) for convalescent plasma (CCP): How useful could they be?

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 high-titer CCP selection is a concern, because neutralizing antibody (nAb) testing requires sophisticated labs and methods. Surrogate tests are an alternative for measuring nAb levels in plasma bags, including those that are pathogen-reduced. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: We studied a panel consisting of 191 samples from convalescent donors tested by nAb (CPE-VNT), obtained from 180 CCP donations (collection: March 20-January 21) and 11 negative controls, with a total of 80 and 111 serum and plasma samples (71 amotosalen/UV treated), with nAb titers ranging from negative to 10,240. Samples were blindly tested for several surrogates: one anti-RBD, two anti-spike, and four anti-nucleocapsid tests, either isolated or combined to improve their positive predictive values as predictors of the presence of high-titer nAbs, defined as those with titers ≥160. RESULTS: Except for combined and anti-IgA/M tests, all isolated surrogate tests showed excellent performance for nAb detection: sensitivity (98.3%-100%), specificity (85.7%-100%), PPV (98.9%-100%), NPV (81.3%-100%), and AUC (0.93-0.96), with a variable decrease in sensitivity and considerably lower specificity when using FDA authorization and concomitant nAb titers ≥160. All surrogates had AUCs that were statistically different from CPE-VNT if nAb≥160, including when using combined, orthogonal approaches. CONCLUSIONS: Surrogate tests (isolated or in combination) have an indirect good performance in detecting the presence of nAb, with lower sensitivity and specificity when high nAb titer samples are used, possibly accepting a considerable number of donors whose nAb titers are actually low, which should be evaluated by each laboratory responsible for CCP collection.

Design of Nature Tourism Route in Chimborazo Wildlife Reserve, Ecuador.

The design of new routes is a specific strategy to improve tourism management and to increase the attractiveness of landscape features, promoting activities as a part of sustainable development. This study proposes the design of alternative multi-parameter tourist routes in the Chimborazo Wildlife Reserve based on spatial network analysis implemented in ArcGIS 10.5® software. Tourist interest points were identified and mapped using spatial analysis software, then two routes for bicycles and hiking were defined as being the most efficient, based on the most frequented tourist attractions. The main contribution of this study is the identification of optimal routes for vehicular, bicycling, and hiking traffic through tourist attractions, considering variables such as the time, distance, average circulation speed, road state, and tourist facilities. As a result, two routes were identified. Route one includes 17 tourist attractions, five lodging establishments, four food centers, and one health center. On the other hand, route two includes 11 tourist attractions, two lodging and food establishments, and one health center. The final contribution of this research is to maximize tour satisfaction by presenting new routes of visiting tourist attractions due to the growing demand in the Chimborazo Reserve.

Role of the base Cs2CO3 on the palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of two bromoindole derivatives to yield paullone-type products.

Reactions for the palladium-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization of the o-bromoindole and the o-bromo-N-methyl-indole derivatives in the presence and absence of base (Cs2CO3) were explored through DFT calculations. For the base-free reactions, the palladium atom firstly interacts with the aromatic rings of the indole molecule to yield a stable adduct. Once this adduct has been formed, reaction proceeds readily to the oxidative addition intermediate that arises from the insertion of the metal atom into the C-Br bond of the organic fragment. Further steps leading to the paullone (or dimethyl paullone) product, mainly those involving the metalation and deprotonation of the inserted intermediate, are not energetically viable for these reactions. When the effect of the base on the metalation-deprotonation steps is modeled by replacing the bromide ion with CO32- in the metal-inserted structure, a feasible pathway connecting the oxidative addition intermediate with the paullone-type product was located for each of the investigated reactions. The results emerging from this study suggest that palladium can insert into the C-Br bond of the indole derivatives to yield the oxidative addition intermediate (without participation of the base). However, the metalation and deprotonation steps that evolve to the paullone-type product take place via a concerted action involving both the metal and the base. Metalation and deprotonation steps that evolve to the paullone-type product take place via a concerted action involving both the metal and the base.

Diseño y validación de los contenidos de un instrumento para el control técnico táctico de la lucha olímpica / Content design and validation of an instrument for the technical and tactical control of olympic wrestling

Resumen La finalidad de este trabajo fue diseñar y validar los contenidos de una herramienta que permita tener un seguimiento del componente técnico táctico en atletas de lucha olímpica utilizando los antecedentes de investigaciones relacionadas con esta temática y una validación de un juicio de expertos. La metodología aplicada consistió en aceptar o rechazar contenidos, teniendo en cuenta unos valores de corte (0,75) determinados por el número de evaluadores (8 sujetos que conformaron el panel de expertos en el deporte) y la escala de calificación utilizada en las encuestas (entre 1 y 5), para la valoración de los ítems (11 de la herramienta y 65 de contenidos de esta), a partir de un proceso de validación de contenidos de un instrumento por medio del estadístico V de Aiken. Los resultados finalmente eliminaron cuatro de doce ítems del instrumento y siete elementos de los contenidos (cuatro de ellos estaban directamente relacionados con los rechazados en el instrumento). En conclusión, se determinó que el diseño de una herramienta para observar, controlar y determinar el comportamiento técnico táctico de luchadores olímpicos es de gran importancia para todos los expertos, pero algunos contenidos se deben eliminar o modificar, ya sea por la dificultad en su comprensión o porque resultan, según los expertos, de poca practicidad. Se infiere la utilidad de una herramienta como la "aprobada" para apoyar el proceso de preparación de los atletas.

Abstract The purpose of this paper was to design and validate the contents of a tool that monitors the technical and tactical component in Olympic wrestling athletes, using related research projects and validation of expert judgment. The methodology applied consisted of accepting or rejecting contents, taking into account cut-off values (0.75) determined by the number of evaluators (8 subjects experts in the sport) and the rating scale recorded in the surveys (between 1 and 5) to assess the items (11 of the tool and 65 of contents), based on the validation of contents of an instrument, using Aiken's V statistic. As a result, four out of 12 items of the instrument and seven elements of the contents (four of which were directly related to those rejected in the instrument) were eliminated. In conclusion, the design of a tool to observe, control, and determine the technical and tactical behavior of Olympic wrestlers is of great importance for all experts, but some contents must be removed or modified either because they are hard to understand or, according to experts, are not practical. The usefulness of a tool such as the one "approved" is inferred to support the preparation process of athletes.

Resumo Este trabalho teve como finalidade desenhar e comprovar os conteúdos de uma ferramenta que permita acompanhar o componente técnico-tático de atletas de luta olímpica mediante o histórico de pesquisas relacionadas com o tema e uma comprovação do julgamento de especialistas. A metodologia aplicada consistiu em aceitar ou rechaçar conteúdos, levando em consideração uns valores de corte (0,75) determinados pelo número de avaliadores (8 indivíduos que conformaram o painel de especialistas no esporte) e a escala de qualificação utilizada nas enquetes (entre 1 e 5), para a avaliação dos itens (11 da ferramenta e 65 de seus conteúdos), a partir de um processo de validação de conteúdo de um instrumento por meio do modelo estatístico V de Aiken. Os resultados finalmente eliminaram quatro de doze itens do instrumento e sete elementos dos conteúdos (quatro deles estavam diretamente relacionados com os rechaçados no instrumento). Em conclusão, determinou-se que o desenho de uma ferramenta para observar, controlar e determinar o comportamento técnico-tático de lutadores olímpicos é sumamente importante para todos os especialistas, porém alguns conteúdos devem ser eliminados ou modificados, seja pela dificuldade em sua compreensão ou porque se mostram, segundo os especialistas, pouco práticos. Infere-se a utilidade de uma ferramenta como a "aprovada" para apoiar o processo de preparação dos atletas.

Knowledge status of predators of the freshwater prawn Cryphiops caementarius (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) in river systems along the North Western Andean region from Perú and Chile / Estado del conocimiento de los depredadores del camarón de río Cryphiops caementarius (Decapoda: Palaemonidae) en sistemas fluviales del Noroeste de la región Andina de Perú y Chile

Introduction: Cryphiops caementarius, is an endemic prawn from river ecosystems in Southern Perú and Northern Chile. In these watersheds, natural populations are threatened by multiple anthropic interventions such as mining activities and fishing pressure, but also, by increasing impacts of invasive exotic predators. Information related with predation on C. caementarius is scarce representing a major knowledge gap to ensure suitable management and conservation practices. Accordingly, the further deepening in relevant aspects such as the estimation of populations losses due to predators has been indicated as critical by relevant agencies as FAO. Objective: To conduct a complete registry and classification of C. caementarius predators, updating the knowledge for the Andean region. Methods: A thorough bibliographic review on existing information on C. caementarius' predators from Perú and Chile was carried out calculating percentage of occurrence, relative frequency of species, zoogeographic origin, trophic structure, phenotypic attributes, river zone that inhabits and life stage of incidence. The registry was complemented using semi-structured interviews from prawn´s fishers in central-Northern Chile. Results: C. caementarius is predated along the entire fluvial network (estuary, potamon and rhithron) by 21 species of opportunists, carnivores, omnivores and herbivores, mostly aquatic vertebrates. In turn, these belong to 15 families and six guilds of native, exotic and cosmopolitan species. Approximately 86 % predate on adult prawns, whilst, 71 % on juveniles and 24 % on larvae. More than 40 % of the predation pressure seems to be exerted by native waterfowls and 24 % by exotic fish. Conclusions: The results emphasize the relevance for conservation of native species of predators in the Andean region and the need of control measures on exotic species in a latitudinal basis. Accordingly, this review may serve as an initial decision-making tool for future conservation efforts both on prawns and native biota, but also supporting restocking actions, fisheries management plans and risk assessment for C. caementarius populations across the Andean region.

Introducción: Cryphiops caementarius es un camarón endémico de los ecosistemas fluviales del sur de Perú y norte de Chile. En estas cuencas hidrográficas, las poblaciones naturales están amenazadas por múltiples intervenciones antrópicas, como la actividad minera y presión pesquera, pero también por el creciente impacto de depredadores exóticos invasores. Información relacionada con la depredación sobre C. caementarius es escasa, representando una brecha de conocimiento importante para asegurar apropiadas prácticas de manejo y conservación. En consecuencia, la profundización en aspectos relevantes como la estimación de las pérdidas de población debido a los depredadores, ha sido indicada como crítica por agencias relevantes como FAO. Objetivo: Realizar un registro completo y clasificación de los depredadores de C. caementarius, actualizando el conocimiento para la región Andina. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica exhaustiva de la información existente sobre los depredadores de C. caementarius de Perú y Chile, calculando el porcentaje de frecuencia de ocurrencia y frecuencia relativa para cada especie, además de su respectivo origen zoogeográfico, estructura trófica, atributo fenotípico, zona fluvial que habita y etapa de la vida de incidencia del camarón. El registro se complementó con entrevistas semi-estructuradas a pescadores de camarones del centro-norte de Chile. Resultados: C. caementarius es depredado en diferentes zonas de la red fluvial (estuario, potamon y ritron) por 21 carnívoros, omnívoros y herbívoros, oportunistas y selectivos, en su mayoría vertebrados acuáticos. A su vez, estos se distribuyen en 15 familias y seis gremios, pertenecientes a tres categorías de origen zoogeográfico (nativo, exótico y cosmopolita). Aproximadamente el 86 % de estas especies depreda sobre la fracción adulta, mientras que el 71 % lo hace sobre juveniles y el 24 % sobre estadios larvales. Las aves acuáticas nativas ejercen más del 40 % de la presión depredadora, seguido por peces exóticos con un 24 %. Conclusiones: Los resultados enfatizan sobre relevancia que tiene la conservación de depredadores nativos en la región Andina y la necesidad de medidas de control sobre especies exóticas. En consecuencia, esta revisión puede servir como una herramienta inicial de toma de decisiones para futuros esfuerzos de conservación tanto de camarones como de la biota nativa, pero también apoyando acciones de gestión pesquera y evaluación de riesgos para C. caementarius en toda la región Andina.

Dietary habits of the black-necked swan Cygnus melancoryphus (Birds: Anatidae) and variability of the aquatic macrophyte cover in the Río Cruces wetland, southern Chile.

The black-necked swan Cygnus melancoryphus is an aquatic herbivorous bird whose dietary habits depend on the dominance and accessibility of macrophyte banks in shallow areas of coastal and limnetic wetlands in southern South America. The swans from the Río Cruces wetland in southern Chile (ca. 39°S) feed mainly on the macrophyte Egeria densa from the water column between depths from less than 0,5 and 2,0 m. A micro- histological analysis of black-necked swan feces (N = 152) collected during six sampling occasions between 2012 and 2017 confirms the preferred consumption of E. densa and highlights the impact of temporal changes in the cover of these macrophytes on the swan's diet. The dietary composition of black-necked swans appears as a reliable proxy for temporal changes in the distribution of the most common aquatic macrophytes in the Río Cruces wetland. These results highlight the importance of preserving shallow wetlands as the habitat for aquatic macrophytes that provide the main food source for these herbivorous water birds.

Efectos de los métodos de entrenamiento discontinuo en atletas de combate colombianos / Effects of discontinuous training methods in Colombian combat athletes / Efeitos dos métodos de treinamento descontínuo nos atletas de combate colombianos

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the discontinuous training of the VO2Máx, in a competitive period, in combat athletes who live and train in Medellín-Colombia, with national or international sports level. Method: A convenience sample of 42 subjects was selected: 15 women and 27 men, 21 of them judo athletes, 9 fenders, 6 taekwondo athletes, and 6 fighters, from the selections of Antioquia in the Absolute Category, with age = 21.26 ± 3,98 years, size: 1.69 ± 0.09 m, weight = 65.70 ± 12.05 k, and sports experience of 8.54 ± 4.27 years. They were randomly distributed in two experimental groups and one control group. Experimental groups trained endurance for 4 weeks, with 4 stimuli per week, before the National Games, the maximum sports competition in Colombia. One experimental group trained with the interval method and the other with the intermittent method. The control group did not perform a specific endurance training, maintaining the strength training and the technical-tactical components, similarly to the subjects integrating the experimental groups. Results: Significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test for the intermittent group (p < 0.05), and not for the interval or the control groups, were found. Conclusions: Endurance training, based on the intermittent method, produced significant differences in VO2Máx in combat athletes from Antioquia, during the final phase of its preparation. Likewise, it was found that the number of workouts carried out during a concentrated block of specific endurance training significantly influenced the changes that occurred in VO2Máx.

Objetivo: determinar la efectividad del entrenamiento discontinuo en el VO2Máx., en período competitivo, en atletas de combate que viven y entrenan en Medellín-Colombia, con nivel deportivo nacional o internacional. Método: se seleccionó, a conveniencia, una muestra de 42 sujetos: 15 mujeres y 27 hombres, de ellos 21 judokas, 9 esgrimistas, 6 taekwondokas y 6 luchadores, de las Selecciones Antioqueñas de la Categoría Absoluta, con edad= 21,26±3,98 años, talla: 1.69±0.09 m, peso= 65.70± 12.05 k. y experiencia deportiva de 8.54±4.27 años. Fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en dos grupos experimentales y un grupo control. Los grupos experimentales entrenaron la resistencia durante 4 semanas, con 4 estímulos por semana, antes de ir a los Juegos Nacionales, máxima competencia deportiva en Colombia. Un grupo experimental entrenó con el método interválico y el otro con el método intermitente. El grupo control no realizó un entrenamiento específico de la resistencia, manteniendo el entrenamiento de fuerza y de las componentes técnico-tácticas en forma semejante a la de los sujetos que integraron los grupos experimentales. Resultados: se hallaron diferencias significativas entre el pre-test y el pos-test para el grupo intermitente (p<0,05), no así para el interválico ni el control. Conclusiones: el entrenamiento de la resistencia basado en el método intermitente, produjo diferencias significativas en el VO2Máx. en atletas Antioqueños de Combate, durante la fase final de su preparación. Igualmente, se encontró que el número de entrenamientos realizados durante un bloque concentrado de entrenamiento de la resistencia específica influyó de manera significativa en los cambios que se produjeron en el VO2Máx.

Objetivo: determinar a efetividade do treinamento descontínuo e verificar se é possível melhorar o VO2Máx no período competitivo de atletas de combate que vivem e treinam em Medellín- Colômbia, com nível desportivo nacional ou internacional. Método: Selecionou-se uma amostra a conveniência de 42 sujeitos 15 mulheres e 27 homens , deles 21 judocas, 9 esgrimistas , 6 lutadores e 6 taekwondokas das Seleções antioqueñas da categoria absoluta, com idades = 21,26 ± 3, 98 anos; tamanho: 1,69 ± 0,09 m; peso = 65,70 ± 12,05 k. e 8,54 ± 4,27 anos de experiência esportiva. Eles foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos: dois grupos experimentais e um grupo controle. Os grupos experimentais treinaram resistência por 4 semanas com 4 estímulos por semana antes de irem aos Jogos Nacionais para a competição máxima de esportes na Colômbia. Um dos grupos experimentais baseou seu treinamento no método intervalado e o outro no método intermitente. Por sua vez, o grupo controle não realizou nenhum treinamento de resistência específico, mantendo o treinamento de força e os componentes técnico-táticos de forma semelhante aos sujeitos que integraram os grupos experimentais. Resultados: Diferenças significativas foram encontradas entre o pré-teste e o pós-teste para o grupo intermitente (p <0,05), mas não para o grupo intevalado nem para o grupo controle. Conclusão: o treinamento de resistência com base no método intermitente produz diferenças significativas no VO2Máx em atletas combate antioqueños durante a fase final de sua preparação. Também descobriram que o número de treinos realizados durante um bloco concentrado de treino da resistência específica influenciou significativamente as mudanças que ocorrem no VO2Máx.

Enfermedad de Kawasaki. Reporte de un caso infrecuente en el adulto / Kawasaki disease. Report of a rare case in an adult

RESUMEN La enfermedad de Kawasaki forma parte de un grupo heterogéneo de afecciones de baja frecuencia que se caracterizan por la presencia de inflamación y necrosis de la pared vascular, que generan diversas manifestaciones clínicas y patológicas, las cuales comprometen medianos vasos, y que afectan principalmente a la población pediátrica. Presentamos el caso de un hombre de 36 arios de edad, sin antecedentes patológicos previos, con cuadro febril de 4 días de evolución asociado a cefalea, náuseas y odinofagia, con posterior aparición de múltiples lesiones maculopapulares generalizadas, las cuales se resolvieron con descamación en pulpejos, palmas y plantas. Se documenta conjuntivitis no supurativa bilateral, además de compromiso de la mucosa oral y los labios. La biopsia de piel reportó vasculitis linfocítica asociada a compromiso renal, hepático y cardiaco (miocardiopatía dilatada con fracción de eyección deprimida); se configuró el diagnóstico de enfermedad de Kawasaki completa del adulto con manifestaciones atípicas. Recibió tratamiento con metilprednisolona, ácido acetilsalicílico 100mg/día, una dosis única de inmunoglobulina IgG intravenosa 2 g/kg y terapia dialítica interdiaria, logrando una recuperación completa.

ABSTRACT Kawasaki disease is part of a heterogeneous group of low frequency diseases that are characterized by the presence of inflammation and necrosis of the vascular wall, generating various clinical and pathological manifestations, which compromise medium vessels, and mainly affecting the pediatric population. The case is presented of a 36-year-old man with no relevant past medical history, with a febrile episode of 4 days of onset, together with headache, nausea, and odynophagia with subsequent onset of multiple generalized maculopapular lesions. These resolved with subsequent desquamation of fingers, palms and soles of feet. Non-suppurative bilateral conjunctivitis is documented, as well as involvement of oral mucosa and lips. Skin biopsy reported lymphocytic vasculitis, associated with renal, hepatic and cardiac involvement (dilated cardiomyopathy with depressed ejection fraction). A diagnosis of complete adult Kawasaki disease with atypical manifestations was established. He was treated with methylprednisolone, acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg per day, and a single dose of intravenous IgG immunoglobulin 2 g/kg, and daily dialysis therapy to achieve complete recovery.

Resilience of an aquatic macrophyte to an anthropogenically induced environmental stressor in a Ramsar wetland of southern Chile.

In mid-2004, anthropogenically induced changes in water quality of the Río Cruces wetland, a Ramsar site located in southern Chile (ca. 40°S), enhanced the resuspension of iron-enriched sediments, which were subsequently deposited over the most abundant aquatic macrophyte of the wetland (Egeria densa Planch. 1849). This event triggered the formation of brownish, necrotic patches and increased iron contents in the leaves and stems of E. densa, which contributed to a significant demise of the plant within the wetland. In this study, we estimate the recovery time as a proxy for resilience of this macrophyte at organismal and population levels. Macro- and micro-optical characteristics, as well as iron contents in tissues of E. densa, were documented in four time windows (2004, 2008, 2012, and 2014). In addition, the size of the macrophyte population and its spatial occurrence were monitored from 2008 to 2016 across 36 study sites within the wetland. Our results suggest necrotic patches and high iron contents in E. densa persisted at least until 2008. After 2013, a significant increase in the spatial occurrence of E. densa was observed within the wetland, reaching full recovery of the population during 2015. The health of plant tissues and iron contents in leaves and stems showed recovery period close to 4 years, while the recovery of the spatial occurrence of E. densa took approximately 9 years. While the monitoring of plant health was not performed on a strict annual basis, the recovery rates estimated here are slower than those described for other macrophytes. This finding might reflect the long-lasting effects of the disturbance from 2004 and the interaction with biotic processes, such as foraging by waterbirds recolonizing the Río Cruces wetland. These results show that full recovery of E. densa was achieved through a cascade of effects starting with abiotic factors (water quality) and passing through physiological and individual levels, to finally reach the population level. A key aspect of this response is the invasive nature of the macrophyte, which likely contributed to its recovery as a consequence of improved water quality. Less successful macrophyte species in other systems may not reach the specific population recovery, and become subdominant species instead, or even be eradicated from the wetland either as the result of herbivory or due to competition with other macrophytes.

Necrólisis epidérmica tóxica y lupus eritematoso sistémico / Toxic epidermal necrolysis and systemic lupus erythematosus

Resumen El lupus eritematoso sistémico con manifestación tipo necrólisis epidérmica tóxica es una entidad descrita recientemente y cada vez aparecen más reportes en la literatura. Se describe el caso de una paciente de 15 años con lupus eritematoso sistémico quien presentó una necrólisis epidérmica tóxica extensa, cuyas lesiones iniciales eran tipo eritema multiforme. Se discute el caso a la luz de la literatura actual sobre esta nueva entidad.

Abstract Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)-like systemic lupus erythematosus is a recently described entity and more cases are being published in the literature today. We describe the case of a 15-year old patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who developed TEN that initially started with erythema multiforme (EM)-like lesiones. We discuss this case according to the published literature on this new entity.

Recovery of black-necked swans, macrophytes and water quality in a Ramsar wetland of southern Chile: Assessing resilience following sudden anthropogenic disturbances.

In 2004 migration and mortality for unknown reasons of the herbivorous Black necked swan (Cygnus melancorhyphus (Molina, 1782)) occurred within the Río Cruces wetland (southern Chile), a Ramsar Site and nature sanctuary. Before 2004, this wetland hosted the largest breeding population of this water bird in the Neotropic Realm. The concurrent decrease in the spatial occurrence of the aquatic plant Egeria densa Planch. 1849 - the main food source of swans - was proposed as a cause for swan migration and mortality. Additionally, post-mortem analyses carried out on swans during 2004 showed diminished body weight, high iron loads and histopathological abnormalities in their livers, suggesting iron storage disease. Various hypotheses were postulated to describe those changes; the most plausible related to variations in water quality after a pulp mill located upstream the wetland started to operate in February 2004. Those changes cascaded throughout the stands of E. densa whose remnants had high iron contents in their tissues. Here we present results of a long-term monitoring program of the wetland components, which show that swan population abundance, body weights and histological liver conditions recovered to pre-disturbance levels in 2012. The recovery of E. densa and iron content in plants throughout the wetland, also returned to pre-disturbance levels in the same 8-year time period. These results show the temporal scale over which resilience and natural restoring processes occur in wetland ecosystems of temperate regions such as southern Chile.

Reporte de caso Nefropatía C1q / C1q nephropathy

La nefropatía C1q es una rara glomerulonefritis caracterizada por depósitos mesangiales difusos, dominantes o codominantes de la fracción C1q de complemento, en ausencia de un perfil clínico e inmunológico de lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES). Describimos el caso de una mujer de 27 años de edad que presentó síndrome nefrótico de causa no clara, en quien se descartó LES y síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF), pero que tenía una biopsia renal compatible con esta enfermedad. En la inmunofluorescencia se observaron depósitos mesangiales de C1q ++, IgG ++, IgM++ C3++, y ausencia de depósitos de IgA y C4. Tras el diagnóstico se instauró manejo inmunosupresor logrando estabilidad clínica. Se realiza descripción del caso y revisión de la literatura de esta rara causa de síndrome nefrótico.

Abstract: C1q nephropathy is a rare glomerulonephritis characterized by diffuse, dominant or codominant mesangial deposits of C1q complement, in the absence of a clinical and immunological profile of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We describe a case of a 27-year-old female with nephrotic syndrome of unclear cause, in whom SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome (SAF) were ruled out but who had a kidney biopsy compatible with this disease. Immunofluorescence showed mesangial deposits of C1q ++, IgG ++, IgM ++ C3 ++, and absence of IgA and C4 deposits. After the diagnosis, immunosuppressive management was established, achieving clinical stability. A case description and literature review of this rare cause of nephrotic syndrome is performed.