RESUMO
La sobrenutrición puede ocasionar obesidad. La obesidad materna puede afectar la fertilidad no solo a través de la anovulación, sino también por medio de efectos directos en ovocitos y en embriones en la fase de preimplantación, indicando que el periodo de periconcepción es sensible a condiciones de sobrenutrición. El periodo de periconcepción abarca desde la foliculogénesis hasta el momento de la implantación. Estudios en modelos animales indican que ovocitos derivados de hembras obesas usualmente muestran una talla pequeña y anormalidades mitocondriales. Estas perturbaciones son probablemente inducidas a través de alteraciones en los componentes del fluido folicular ovárico. La evidencia experimental también indica que la obesidad puede afectar el microambiente en oviductos y útero, lo cual conlleva al desarrollo de embriones en la fase de preimplantación con un número reducido de células y con una regulación ascendente de genes proinflamatorios. Sin embargo, se necesita más investigación para una caracterización a fondo de los efectos de la obesidad materna durante el periodo de periconcepción
Overnutrition may lead to obesity. Maternal obesity may affect fertility not only via anovulation, but also through direct effects on oocytes and preimplantation embryos, indicating that the periconceptional period is sensitive to conditions of overnutrition. The periconceptional period includes from folliculogenesis to implantation. Animal model studies suggest that oocytes derived from obese females usually have a small size and mitochondrial abnormalities. These disruptions are probably induced by changes in the components of the ovarian follicular fluid. Experimental evidence also suggests that obesity may affect the microenvironment in oviducts and uterus, resulting in development of preimplantation embryos with reduced cell numbers and up-regulation of proinflammatory genes. However, further research is needed for in-depth characterization of the effects of maternal obesity during the periconceptional period
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Hiperfagia/fisiopatologia , Infertilidade/etiologia , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Fertilidade , Taxa de Fecundidade , Implantação do Embrião/fisiologiaRESUMO
Overnutrition may lead to obesity. Maternal obesity may affect fertility not only via anovulation, but also through direct effects on oocytes and preimplantation embryos, indicating that the periconceptional period is sensitive to conditions of overnutrition. The periconceptional period includes from folliculogenesis to implantation. Animal model studies suggest that oocytes derived from obese females usually have a small size and mitochondrial abnormalities. These disruptions are probably induced by changes in the components of the ovarian follicular fluid. Experimental evidence also suggests that obesity may affect the microenvironment in oviducts and uterus, resulting in development of preimplantation embryos with reduced cell numbers and up-regulation of proinflammatory genes. However, further research is needed for in-depth characterization of the effects of maternal obesity during the periconceptional period.
