RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Treatment of benign rectovaginal fistula has a high failure rate and entails difficult decisions. The purpose of this retrospective study was to clarify the concepts which may improve its management. METHODS: Between 1983 and 2004, 46 consecutive women of median age 41 years were treated by the same surgeon. Etiology of simple fistulas was iatrogenic (n=6), obstetric (n=4) and septic (n=3). Complex fistulas were due to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) (n=18, 11 pouchvaginal) or were iatrogenic (n=9), actinic (n=5) or septic (n=1). Surgical techniques included endorectal or vaginal advancement flaps, fistulectomy and sphincteroplasty, vaginal/rectal closure and epiploplasty, restorative proctectomy and restorative proctocolectomy. In 20 patients, a diverting stoma was performed as a single procedure or concomitant to the curative attempt. RESULTS: Overall, 33 of the 39 fistulas (85%) treated for cure healed, including all simple fistulas and 20 complex fistulas (8 iatrogenic, 3 actinic, 2 ulcerative colitis without restorative proctocolectomy; 5 pouch vaginal; 1 septic; 1 Crohn's disease) (p=0.009). The first operation for the fistula was curative in 20 of 39 fistulas, including 10 of 13 simple and 10 of 26 complex fistulas (p=0.023). There was no significant age difference between cured and not-cured patients. CONCLUSIONS: Simple versus complex fistulas is the most determinant factor for healing. In IBD fistulas, ulcerative colitis shows better prognosis than Crohn's disease. For complex fistulas, a temporary diverting stoma seems necessary.
