[What is self-plagiarism and how to avoid it?] / ¿Qué es autoplagio y cómo evitarlo?

No Abstract available.

[The author, key to the editorial process]. / El autor, clave del proceso editorial.

No Abstract available.

[2018 Acta Ortopédica Mexicana in perspective]. / 2018 Acta Ortopédica Mexicana en perspectiva.

No Abstract available.

High prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in urban Latin America: the CARMELA Study.

AIMS: Cardiovascular risk is increased with glucose metabolism abnormalities. Prevalence data can support public health initiatives required to address this risk. The Cardiovascular Risk Factor Multiple Evaluation in Latin America (CARMELA) study was designed to estimate the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose and related risk factors in seven urban Latin American populations. METHODS: CARMELA was a cross-sectional, population-based study of 11 550 adults 25-64 years of age. With a multi-stage sample design of a probabilistic nature, approximately 1600 subjects were randomly selected in each city. RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of diabetes was 7.0% (95% confidence intervals 6.5-7.6%). The prevalence of individuals with diabetes or impaired fasting glucose increased with increasing age. In the oldest age category, 55-64 years of age, prevalence of diabetes ranged from 9 to 22% and prevalence of impaired fasting glucose ranged from 3 to 6%. Only 16.3% of people with prior diagnosis of diabetes and who were receiving pharmacologic treatment, were in good glycaemic control (fasting glucose < 6.1 mmol/l). The prevalence of diabetes in individuals with abdominal obesity was approximately twofold higher. Participants with hypertension, elevated serum triglycerides and increased common carotid artery intima-media thickness were also more likely to have diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose is high in seven major Latin American cities; intervention is needed to avoid substantial medical and socio-economic consequences. CARMELA supports the associations of abdominal obesity, hypertension, elevated serum triglycerides and carotid intima-media thickness with diabetes.

The role of cyclic amp in the process of specific hyposensitization.

The parenteral administration of a specific allergen produces a local edema due to the liberation of histamine. We have investigated the plasmatic cyclic AMPO in this reaction. A group of allergic patients (36 in all) with asthma or rhinitis or both diseases and with a very positive prick skin test was studied. The level of cyclic AMP was investigated before and after injecting the patients with the specific hyposensitizing extract. The average levels of cyclic AMP in our patients before the injection of the specific extract were 2.6 pmol/ml and this corresponded to the normal levels found in the controls in our laboratory (13.8 pmol/ml). After the injection of the allergen these levels increased by an amount that varied between 0.1 pmol/ml and 33.4 pmol/ml in 61.1% of the cases (p > 0.05). The cyclic AMP decreased by an amount that varied between 0.1 pmol/ml and 16.0 pmol/ml in 38.8% of the patients (p > 0.05).