RESUMO
The purpose of this descriptive study was to explore factors associated with perceptions of grandparent responsibility for grandchildren in three-generation households, focusing especially on a comparison of grandparents' and parents' financial contributions to the household and ethnicity of grandparent(s). The analysis used information about three-generation families in the 2011-2015 American Community Survey, retrieved through the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series. In 30% of these families, grandparents said they were "primarily responsible" for the grandchildren, even though the child's parent was also in the household. Logistic regression models showed that grandparents who contributed a larger share of household income and grandparents who were householders were significantly more likely to report being primarily responsible for grandchildren in three-generation households, suggesting that the distribution of financial resources (or resource balance) within the household was associated with perceptions of responsibility. However, grandparents' race and ethnicity moderated this association, indicating that cultural norms may intersect with resources in shaping these reports. The findings suggest that perceived responsibilities of grandparents in three-generation households may be shaped by the balance of financial resources among household members, but also by cultural norms of grandparenting.
RESUMO
In this letter, the authors respond to the comment received, arguing that the main contribution of their article was to show that the place of habitual residence, as well as the sex and age of the individual, determine the main causes of mortality among Mexican older adults.
En esta carta los autores dan respuesta al comentario recibido argumentando que la principal aportación de su artículo fue mostrar que el lugar de residencia habitual, así como el sexo y edad del individuo, determinan las principales causas de mortalidad entre los adultos mayores mexicanos.
Assuntos
Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Idoso , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Análise EspacialRESUMO
Background: Mortality in Mexico has decreased substantially in the last years; however, there are segments of the population that experience social deprivation. Objective: To identify and describe at the national level the causes of death by degree of social deprivation (DSD), age and sex. Methods: We analyzed variables from the Censo de Vivienda y Población (Census of Population and Housing) and data from statistics of mortality and DSD, all information corresponding to 2010. Demographic and socioeconomic variables were age, sex, marital status, healthcare provider and locality. Variables related to mortality were main cause of death, year, age and the city of residence of the deceased; we analyzed the DSD at a precinct level. We applied techniques of population analysis and we used statistical packages STATA© and SPSS©. We analyzed information from 1,197,496 adults ≥ 60 years old who represented 10,602,181 elderly. Results: Main causes of death in the very high DSD were heart diseases, neoplasms, malnutrition and anemia, diabetes mellitus (DM) and "lack of an accurate diagnosis related to the type of care received"; in the other DSDs main causes were heart diseases, DM, neoplasms, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cerebral vascular disease or liver diseases. Conclusion: We detected several mortality profiles; it is suggested the planning of specific actions.
Introducción: la mortalidad en México ha disminuido de manera importante en los últimos años; sin embargo, existen grupos poblacionales rezagados. Objetivo: determinar y describir a nivel nacional las principales causas de muerte en adultos mayores por grado de rezago social (GRS), edad y sexo. Métodos: se analizaron variables del Censo de Población y Vivienda, de las estadísticas de mortalidad y GRS del año 2010; las variables demográficas y socioeconómicas fueron edad, sexo, estado civil, derechohabiencia y localidad; las relacionadas con mortalidad fueron causa principal de muerte, año de defunción, edad y municipio de residencia del fallecido; el GRS que se analizó fue a nivel municipal. Se aplicaron técnicas para análisis de poblaciones y se utilizaron los paquetes estadísticos STATA© y SPSS©. Se analizó información de 1 197 496 adultos de ≥ 60 años que representaron a 10 602 181. Resultados: las principales causas de muerte en el GRS muy alto fueron enfermedades del corazón, neoplasias, desnutrición y anemia, diabetes mellitus (DM) y "falta de un diagnóstico preciso relacionado con el tipo de atención recibida"; en los otros GRS las causas fueron enfermedades del corazón, DM, neoplasias, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica y enfermedad vascular cerebral o enfermedades hepáticas. Conclusión: se detectaron varios perfiles de mortalidad; se sugiere la planeación de acciones específicas.
