Infant Nutrition and Other Early Life Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity According to Disability Status.

One in five preschool-aged children in the United States is obese, and children with disabilities are significantly impacted. This study aimed to determine the association between age at solid food initiation and obesity prevalence in preschool-aged children while considering disability status, ethnicity, gestational age, and birth weight. Analysis was conducted on a sample of 145 children aged 2 to 5 years who were enrolled in ten childcare centers. Parents completed a survey assessing disability status, race and ethnicity, birth weight, gestational age, and age of solid food initiation. Height and weight were collected concurrently. Multivariable logistic regression models generated the odds of developing obesity based on age at solid food initiation, disability status, ethnicity, gestational age, and birth weight. There was no significant difference in the odds of being obese based on age at solid food introduction. Children with disabilities (OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.6, p = 0.01) and children born preterm (OR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.08-0.79, p = 0.03) had significantly lower odds of being obese. Hispanic children (OR = 4.93, 95% CI 1.91-15.32, p = 0.002) and children with higher birth weights (OR = 1.47, 95% CI 1.17-1.92, p = 0.002) were more likely to be obese. With pediatric obesity rates continuing to rise, these findings can inform future intervention efforts.

IgG4-related lung disease as a differential diagnosis of a lymphoproliferative disease: atypical presentation of an atypical disease.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immunomodulated inflammatory disease that usually affects the pancreas and parotid glands. Although lung involvement is rare, it has been recently reported and could mimic various other diagnoses. We present a case of IgG4-RD whose symptoms and images raised the suspicion of a malignant lymphoproliferative lung neoplasm. It is imperative to differentiate both diseases, since their treatment and prognosis vary.

Exploring physical activity in Central Chile during the Early Ceramic Period and Late Intermediate Period (200-1450 CE).

OBJECTIVES: We explore physical activity in early farming societies of Central Chile during the Early Ceramic and Late Intermediate Periods (200-1450 CE), a time of technological changes and intensification of food production. The existence of differences in entheseal changes (EC) between females and males is evaluated in two periods with different subsistence strategies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: EC were recorded with method in the upper and lower limbs of 56 male and female adult individuals from the Early Ceramic Period (ECP) and Late Intermediate Period (LIP). Hierarchical multiple factor analysis and hierarchical clustering on principal components were performed using an exploratory approach. RESULTS: In all the analyzed limbs, the EC scores are higher in males than females, which may be explained by sexual dimorphism. A constant overlap in the variability of the EC among males and females is observed. However, the EC scores show a different pattern of variability when comparing ECP females with LIP females. The results show that the scores increase in the latter. In contrast, when comparing ECP males with LIP males scores decrease in the later period. DISCUSSION: Physical activity in the societies of Central Chile with incipient agriculture did not vary by sex or during the timeframe studied. Nevertheless, the interaction between sex-period and the variability pattern of the EC from one period to another suggests different ways of doing similar physical activities or different emphases for similar biomechanical actions.

The Effects of a Science-Based Community Intervention on Health Outcomes in Minority Children: The Translational Health in Nutrition and Kinesiology Program.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effects of a novel nutrition and movement science after-school program integrating laboratory experiences for minority children. Laboratory experiences demonstrated how the body moves, functions, and performs in response to exercise and healthy nutrition. METHODS: A total of 76 children from 4 after-school programs that were primarily Latino and black were randomly assigned to either an experimental translational health in nutrition and kinesiology (THINK; n = 46) or standard curriculum that served as the control group (CON; n = 30). An analysis of covariance controlling for baseline values was used to compare differences between THINK and CON after the 4-month intervention. RESULTS: Following the program, THINK participants evidenced lower triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness (P < .01 and <.05, respectively). THINK students showed greater improvements in aerobic fitness, grip strength, and agility than CON (P < .01, <.01, and <.05, respectively). Participants in THINK also demonstrated higher scores on their nutrition habits/behaviors questionnaire (P < .01), nutrition science (P < .05), and exercise fitness tests (P < .001) than CON. CONCLUSION: An innovative curriculum featuring nutrition and kinesiology education interfaced with hands-on laboratory experiences and physical activities can improve physical outcomes and health-related behaviors in after-school programs serving minority children.

Gnatostomiasis una enfermedad cada vez más frecuente en Colombia / Gnathostomiasis an increasingly common disease in Colombia

Resumen La tríada clásica de viaje al Sudeste asiático u a otras áreas endémicas donde se consumen mariscos crudos o mal cocidos, acompañado de paniculitis y eosinofilia periférica, debe alertar al médico sobre una entidad conocida como gnatostomiasis, una infección parasitaria causada por la tercera larva del nemátodo Gnathostoma spp, que generalmente se ve en zonas tropicales y subtropicales. Afecta principalmente la piel, y de allí, puede migrar a tejidos profundos, llegando a comprometer órganos como pulmón, ojos, oídos, tracto gastrointestinal y genitourinario, y menos frecuente el sistema nervioso central. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con cuadro de tres días de evolución consistente en edema, eritema, calor, prurito y dolor en región pectoral izquierda, con la posterior formación de vesícula sobre la lesión inicial y un trayecto lineal eritematoso e indurado sobre la tetilla izquierda; luego del consumo de langostinos en la costa colombiana. Con el antecedente epidemiológico, los hallazgos clínicos e histológicos se hizo el diagnóstico de gnatostomiasis y se realizó manejo exitoso con albendazol.

Abstract The classic triad travel to Southeast Asia or to other endemic areas where raw or undercooked seafood, panniculitis and peripheral eosinophilia are consumed, should alert the physician to an entity known as gnathostomiasis, a parasitic infection caused by the third larva of the nematode Gnathostoma spp, usually seen in tropical and subtropical areas. It mainly affects the skin, and from there, you can migrate to deeper tissues, reaching compromise organs like lungs, eyes, ears, gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, and less frequent central nervous system. For a patient with three-day box consisting in high swelling, redness, warmth, itching and pain in the left pectoral region, with the subsequent formation of vesicle on the initial injury linear path and an erythematous indurated occurs on the teat left; after consumption of shrimp on the Colombian coast. With the epidemiological history, clinical and histological findings were diagnosed as gnathostomiasis, management began with albendazole presenting picture resolution.

Central Nervous System Idiopathic Inflammatory Demyelinating Disorders in South Americans: A Descriptive, Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study.

The idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disease (IIDD) spectrum has been investigated among different populations, and the results have indicated a low relative frequency of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) among multiple sclerosis (MS) cases in whites (1.2%-1.5%), increasing in Mestizos (8%) and Africans (15.4%-27.5%) living in areas of low MS prevalence. South America (SA) was colonized by Europeans from the Iberian Peninsula, and their miscegenation with natives and Africans slaves resulted in significant racial mixing. The current study analyzed the IIDD spectrum in SA after accounting for the ethnic heterogeneity of its population. A cross-sectional multicenter study was performed. Only individuals followed in 2011 with a confirmed diagnosis of IIDD using new diagnostic criteria were considered eligible. Patients' demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected. In all, 1,917 individuals from 22 MS centers were included (73.7% female, 63.0% white, 28.0% African, 7.0% Mestizo, and 0.2% Asian). The main disease categories and their associated frequencies were MS (76.9%), NMO (11.8%), other NMO syndromes (6.5%), CIS (3.5%), ADEM (1.0%), and acute encephalopathy (0.4%). Females predominated in all main categories. The white ethnicity also predominated, except in NMO. Except in ADEM, the disease onset occurred between 20 and 39 years old, early onset in 8.2% of all cases, and late onset occurred in 8.9%. The long-term morbidity after a mean disease time of 9.28±7.7 years was characterized by mild disability in all categories except in NMO, which was scored as moderate. Disease time among those with MS was positively correlated with the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) score (r=0.374; p=<0.001). This correlation was not observed in people with NMO or those with other NMO spectrum disorders (NMOSDs). Among patients with NMO, 83.2% showed a relapsing-remitting course, and 16.8% showed a monophasic course. The NMO-IgG antibody tested using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) with a composite substrate of mouse tissues in 200 NMOSD cases was positive in people with NMO (95/162; 58.6%), longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (10/30; 33.3%) and bilateral or recurrent optic neuritis (8/8; 100%). No association of NMO-IgG antibody positivity was found with gender, age at onset, ethnicity, early or late onset forms, disease course, or long-term severe disability. The relative frequency of NMO among relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) + NMO cases in SA was 14.0%. Despite the high degree of miscegenation found in SA, MS affects three quarters of all patients with IIDD, mainly white young women who share similar clinical characteristics to those in Western populations in the northern hemisphere, with the exception of ethnicity; approximately one-third of all cases occur among non-white individuals. At the last assessment, the majority of RRMS patients showed mild disability, and the risk for secondary progression was significantly superior among those of African ethnicity. NMO comprises 11.8% of all IIDD cases in SA, affecting mostly young African-Brazilian women, evolving with a recurrent course and causing moderate or severe disability in both ethnic groups. The South-North gradient with increasing NMO and non-white individuals from Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil and Venezuela confirmed previous studies showing a higher frequency of NMO among non-white populations.

Pregabalin beneficial effects on sleep quality or health-related quality of life are poorly correlated with reduction on pain intensity after an 8-week treatment course.

BACKGROUND: Pregabalin (PGB) has been shown to improve sleep quality and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as well as pain intensity in patients with neuropathic pain. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to explore the magnitude of the correlations between changes in pain intensity, sleep quality, and HRQoL after PGB treatment. METHODS: One hundred thirty-eight patients with neuropathic pain of any origin and without an adequate response to analgesics received an 8-week treatment course of PGB in an open-label fashion. Pain intensity, sleep quality, and HRQoL outcomes were evaluated at baseline and at week 8 by means of an 11-point (0-10) numerical rating scale (NRS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the EuroQol health-state visuoanalogic scale (EQ-5D VAS) score, respectively. RESULTS: At week 8, mean PGB dose was 166.7 ± 7.8 mg/d. Pain intensity NRS score, PSQI total score, and EQ-5D VAS score were improved by 66.5% ± 1.9%, 40.0% ± 3.6%, and 26.4% ± 4.7% (all P < 0.01), respectively. Correlations between percent change from baseline in pain NRS score and PSQI total score or EQ-5D VAS scores were r = 0.36 (P < 0.01, R = 0.11) and r = -0.20 (P < 0.02, R = 0.05), respectively. A multivariate logistic regression analysis disclosed that PSQI score change below the median (ie, a better outcome) was related to higher EQ-5D VAS score change (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-4.25), whereas pain intensity NRS score change below the median was not (odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval,0.78-3.23). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, PGB-related improvements in sleep quality and HRQoL were marginally related to reductions in pain intensity in patients with neuropathic pain. Improvement in sleep quality was a significant predictor of better HRQoL, whereas pain intensity reduction was not.

Hamartoma congénito de músculo liso en niño de un año de edad / Congenital smooth muscle hamartoma in a one year-old boy

Se trata de un niño de un año de edad, con placa eritematosa de color pardo en la piel del glúteo izquierdo que apareció en el período perinatal, con signo de pseudodarier. En la histología, se evidenciaron haces de músculo liso maduro en la dermis, con epidermis normal. La inmunohistoquímica marcó la actina del músculo liso, la desmina y el H-caldesmón, con lo que se comprobó el diagnóstico de hamartoma congénito de músculo liso.

Jornada de prevención y detección de cáncer de piel en personas mayores de 18 años: Medellín, mayo de 2005: Universidad Ces / Detection and prevention of skin cancer in persons older than 18 years: Medellín, May 2005: Universidad CES

El cáncer de piel es el más frecuente en el ser humano y es el responsable de la mitad de todas las neoplasias malignas en Estados Unidos. La incidencia total de todos estos tumores en Colombia no se conoce ya que no se lleva un registro adecuado y los datos disponibles de otros países no serían aplicables al nuestro, debido a la ubicación geográfica con una gran influencia de la luz ultravioleta, principal factor implicado en las neoplasias cutáneas. El cáncer cutáneo no melanoma (CCNM), que incluye el carcinoma escamocelular (SCC) y el basocelular (BCC) constituye aproximadamente el 80% de todos los cánceres de la piel. El melanoma maligno (MM), aunque menos frecuente, pone en peligro la vida del paciente y de su detección temprana depende la sobrevida. Se realizó una campaña de detección de cáncer de piel, buscando conocer qué tipo de carcinomas de piel y otras lesiones relacionadas con el sol se presentan en la ciudad, buscando además educar a los pacientes sobre los peligros del sol y la importancia de la consulta temprana al dermatólogo. Por diferentes medios de comunicación se invitó a las personas mayores de 18 años que presentaran lesiones ásperas, úlceras cutáneas que no sanaran o con lesiones pigmentadas que hubieran cambiado de color o tamaño, a la consulta realizada por los dermatólogos y residentes de dermatología de la Universidad CES. En los 736 voluntarios que participaron en la campaña, se encontraron 58 carcinomas basocelulares, 10 escamocelulares, 6 melanomas, 101 lesiones premalignas (queratosis actínicas y nevus atípicos) y 145 lesiones que tenían alguna relación con la luz ultravioleta. La radiación solar es un factor muy importante en la etiopatogenia de las neoplasias de piel y nuestra población, ubicada en el trópico, recibe sol durante todo el año. Aunque los estudios de tamizaje de piel no sirven para estudiar prevalencia e incidencia de cáncer.

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in humans. It's responsible for half of all the malignant neoplasm in tne United States of America and by the year 2008 more than a million cases will be diagnosed. The true incidence of these tumors is unknown in Colombia due to the subregistry of patients with the condition and that data from other countries does not apply to our own, due to the geographical difference, with greater ultaviolet light exposure in this region, which is the mayor risk factor for this type of tumors. Of skin cancer, the non melanoma, which includes the squamous cell carcinoma and the basal cell carcinoma constitute 80% of all tumors. Malignant melanoma is less frecuent and imposes high risk of death if not detected in an early stage. This was the reason for doing a campaign for the prevention and detection of skin cancer searching for the types of skin tumors and other related sun lesions detected in our city. Also education was given to patients about the dangers of the sun and the importance of early consultation. To accomplish this task. people greater than 18 years of age, with rough lesions. Cutaneous ulcers that had not healed, or pigmented lesions that changed color or size, where invited through the media to a free consult with dermatologist and dermatology residents form CES University. In the 736 volunteers that participated in the campaign there where 58 basal cell carcinoma, 10 squamous cell carcinoma, 6 melanomas, 101 premalignant lesions (Actinic Keratosis and atypical nevus), and 145 lesions related to sun exposure. Incidence of skin cancer in Colombia is not known, the solar radiation is a very important factor in the skin neoplasms pathogenesis and our population, living in the tropics, receives sun all the year. Although studies of screening for skin cancer don't help to study prevalence and incidence of cancer.

Factores de riesgo asociados a estrías atróficas en mujeres adolescentes de un colegio privado, Medellín, 2003 / Risk factors associated with strechmarks in teenage girls of a private school, Medellin, 2003

Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles, en 289 estudiantes entre 12 y 18 años de un colegio privado de la ciudad de Medellín, para determinar la posible asociación entre la aparición de estrías atróficas con algunos factores de riesgo. A cada estudiante se le realizó una entrevista y se le practicó examen físico para determinar la presencia de estrías. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa con índice de masa corporal mayor de 25kg/m2 (p=0,0007) y con el consumo de productos dietéticos (p=0,0011). La práctica de ejercicio se encontró como factor protector con un OR de 0,55 (IC 95 %; 0,33-0,91). No se encontró asociación con el consumo de grasas, anticonceptivos orales, licor, cigarrillo, medicamentos, antecedentes familiares de estrías, antecedentes personales patológicos, talla, edad de aparición de las estrías y menarca. No se obtuvo información suficiente para evaluar asociación del consumo de esteroides por vía oral y aparición de estrías.

A case-control study, in 289 students between ages of 12 and 18 years who studied in a private school of the city of Medellín, was designed to determine the association between the appearance of atrophic striae and certain life styles, family and personal history and other variables. Each student was interviewed and a physical evaluation was done to determine the presence of striae. An association statistically significant was found between a body mass index greater than 25 kg/mt2 (p=0.0007) and the intake of diet products (p=0.0011) with the appearance of striae. The regular frequency of exercise was found to be a protective factor with an OR of 0.55 and a CI (0.33-0.91). There was no association between the intake of fat, birth control pills, alcohol, cigarettes and drugs, family history of striae, personal history of disease, age of appearance of striae, first menses and height for age. There was not enough information to determine the association between the intake of steroids and the appearance of striae.

Susceptibilidad del mosquito Anopheles pseudopunctipennis a la Deltametrina

La deltametrina es un insecticida piretroide utilizado por el Programa Nacional de Control de Vectores. Anopheles pseudopunctipennis es el principal vector de la malaria en los valles inter-andinos de Bolivia. Como no se cuenta con líneas de base de la sensibilidad de este mosquito frente al insecticida usado, se evaluó este estudio inicial, la sensibilidad de este vector, en cinco regiones de 3 departamentos (La Paz, Cochabamba y Chuquisaca).

Escoliosis severa asociada a embarazo / Severe scoliosis associated to pregnancy

La escoliosis corresponde a la desviación en el eje vertical de la columna vertebral. De severidad variable, su incidencia alcanza a 4/1.000 de preferencia en población femenina, siendo la mayoría idiopática. Interfiere con la formación, crecimiento y desarrollo de los pulmones. La hipertensión y la hipoxemia crónica secundaria puede condicionar vasoconstricción pulmonar, lo que resulta en un aumento de la resistencia vascular pulmonar con hipertensión pulmonar, y en casos severos Cor pulmonar. La existencia de una escoliosis severa, con la patología pulmonar de base asociada al embarazo, pone en riesgo significativo tanto a la madre como al feto. El manejo de estas pacientes requiere ser planificado, monitorizar y anticipar los problemas tanto fetales como maternos, el uso apropiado de oxígeno, corticoides, y diuréticos durante el período prenatal. En el presente trabajo describimos nuestra experiencia al enfrentar una paciente con esta rara condición.