Debaryomyces hansenii and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa comprised the yeast core gut microbiota of wild and reared carnivorous salmonids, croaker and yellowtail.

This is the first study using molecular and culture-based methods aimed at investigating the composition of the intestinal yeast microbiota of wild and reared carnivorous salmonids, croaker and yellowtail, to characterize their cores and to evaluate the enzymatic activities of the cultivated yeast. Among 103 samples from salmonids, croaker and yellowtail, yeast were detected in 85.4%, with 43 species identified. The core of reared fish was composed of eight species, in contrast to the wild fish core, which consisted of two species: Debaryomyces hansenii and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Despite the smaller diversity of the wild fish core, similar enzymatic profiles were detected for the species from the wild and reared cores. For principal component analysis, samples grouped together independently of host species, domestication status and location. A high proportion of yeast produced aminopeptidases and lipases, which may be explained by the high proportion of protein and lipids in the carnivorous diet. This study reveals the presence of a yeast community in the fish gut that appears to be strongly shaped by a carnivorous diet. Yeast in the gut increases the repertoire of microorganisms interacting with the host intestine, which could influence health and disease.

Comunidad Colombiana con baja prevalencia de caries, sin antecedentes de fluor / Low caries prevalence in a Colombian community without fluoridation

A study of dental caries was made, complementing a basic survey on protein supplement in brown sugar, to measure any possible changes caused by the supplement in question

An analysis of the results revealed the surprising fact that Heliconia had the lowest index of dental caries ever reported in Colombia, with statistically significan differences on the order of 5 per cent. Since the rate was half the general rate for Antioquia and since there is no appreciable factor in Heliconia to which the occurrence may be attributed, presumably there is some extrinsic factor present to account for the marked difference. A substance other than fluoride is suspected to exist and to exert a caries-preventive action, since the element was not detected in the urine of the group under study(AU)