RESUMO
In the scientific literature, one can find conflicting assumptions about the presence of «proper mental bone¼ and «upper and lower lingual canals¼, which make up a separate ossified area in the chin of the mandible and the system of blood supply and innervation. However, calling these lesions «lingual canals¼ or «incisal canals¼, as is often found in various articles, is incorrect based on the position of International Anatomical Terminology. This is due to the lack of topographic reference in the term, which can equally be understood as the canal of the tongue, the neurovascular bundle of the same name, and the root canal system of the teeth of the lower jaw and can also be associated with the maxilla. We searched for information in English, without time limits, in the PubMed Central database, and searched on Google and analyzed the bibliography, relevant studies and reviews. The selection of publications was carried out by request «mental spine canals¼, 58 articles were found in PubMed, of which 21 were relevant. For the analysis, publications were selected that described in detail the anatomical, clinical and radiological features of the structure of the anterior part of the mandible. As a result of previous studies and the study of literature data, the intraosseous structures of the anterior part of the lower jaw were refined and classified, which solve not only terminological disputes, but also are important clinical guidelines for endodontic treatment, dental implantation and local anesthesia.
Assuntos
Mandíbula , Maxila , Queixo , Humanos , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia , Tratamento do Canal RadicularRESUMO
Daytime and nighttime systolic and diastolic BP was recorded in 23-week-old SHR and Wistar rats by telemetric monitoring. Urine concentrations of sodium, potassium, and calcium were determined in SHR rats during of light (07.00-19.00 h) and dark hours (19.00-07.00 h) at the age of 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, and 23 week; 23-week-old Wistar rats were used as the control. At early stages of the experiment, urine sodium concentration was elevated in SHR rats both at daytime and at night. Thereafter, this value declined and by 22-23 week was significantly lower than in normotensive Wistar rats, but only during daytime. Daytime potassium concentration significantly surpassed the control level during weeks 18-19 of the experiment, but later, a tendency to a decrease in this parameter was observed. Daytime calcium content in SHR rats did not significantly differ from the control throughout the experiment. At night, this value exceeded the control level by more than 2 times during weeks 18-19, but then returned to the level observed in normotensive animals.
Assuntos
Cálcio/urina , Hipertensão/urina , Potássio/urina , Sódio/urina , Animais , Biomarcadores/urina , Pressão Sanguínea , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Ratos Endogâmicos SHRRESUMO
Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) on nuclei of chicken erythrocytes demonstrates the cubic dependence of the scattering intensity Q^{-3} in the range of momentum transfer Q∈10^{-3}-10^{-2}nm^{-1}. Independent spin-echo SANS measurements give the spin-echo function, which is well described by the exponential law in a range of sizes (3×10^{2})-(3×10^{4}) nm. Both experimental dependences reflect the nature of the structural organization of chromatin in the nucleus of a living cell, which corresponds to the correlation function γ(r)=ln(ξ/r) for r<ξ, where ξ=(3.69±0.07)×10^{3} nm, the size of the nucleus. It has the specific scaling property of the logarithmic fractal γ(r/a)=γ(r)+ln(a), i.e., the scaling down by a gives an additive constant to the correlation function, which distinguishes it from the mass fractal, which is characterized by multiplicative constant.
Assuntos
Núcleo Celular/química , Cromatina/química , Eritrócitos/química , Modelos Biológicos , Animais , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Galinhas , Cromatina/metabolismo , DNA/química , DNA/metabolismo , Eritrócitos/metabolismo , Fractais , Modelos Moleculares , Difração de Nêutrons , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Espalhamento a Baixo ÂnguloAssuntos
Candida albicans/citologia , Candidíase/microbiologia , Adulto , Candida albicans/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Candida albicans/patogenicidade , Células Cultivadas , Meios de Cultura , Células Epiteliais , Epitélio/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Mucosa/citologia , Mucosa/microbiologia , Neutrófilos/imunologia , FagocitoseRESUMO
Morphological pattern of adherence of Candida genus fungi to human and animal epithelial cells have been studied using histological and cytological methods. The interspecific differences of epithelial adhesive properties were observed: in one case, the mucous membrane epitheliocytes of different localization had different adhesive properties. Adhesive properties vary significantly within one type of epithelial cells. In individual epitheliocyte, the adherence of fungal blastospores was nonuniform: the greater density was observed in peripheral areas of cytoplasm.
Assuntos
Candida albicans/patogenicidade , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologia , Vagina/microbiologia , Animais , Candidíase Bucal/microbiologia , Candidíase Vulvovaginal/microbiologia , Adesão Celular , Células Epiteliais , Epitélio/microbiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Mucosa Bucal/citologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Especificidade da Espécie , Vagina/citologiaRESUMO
The development of Candida granulomas was studied in experimental model using histological, enzyme histochemical and electron microscopic methods. The granulomatous response first appeared 3-5 days after injection of heat-killed Candida albicans blastospores in hepatic portal system of mice. This response reached maximum at 10-12 days, when a significant part of hepatic parenchyma was involved, regressing thereafter. In the course of maturation, the granulomas, initially consisting of loose aggregates of monocytes and immature macrophages, were transformed into compact structures with the predominance of mature epithelioid cells with typical enzyme histochemical and fine structural features. In regressing granulomas, the accumulation of immature cells was again seen. Long-term administration of cyclophosphamide suppressed the development of Candida hepatic granulomas.
Assuntos
Candidíase/patologia , Granuloma/patologia , Animais , Candidíase/enzimologia , Candidíase/etiologia , Ciclofosfamida , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Granuloma/enzimologia , Granuloma/etiologia , Histocitoquímica , Fígado/enzimologia , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Microscopia Eletrônica/métodos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The effect of corticosteroids on the adherence of Candida cells to epithelial cells was studied with the use of the original modification of the in vitro adherence assay. The administration of hydrocortisone acetate to mice resulted in the increased adherence of the pathogenic fungi to epithelial cells: after 10-day hormone treatment the adherence number and the adherence index increased, respectively, to 230% and 360% of control values. After 20-day treatment these characteristics increased, respectively, to 260% and 700%. The adherence of C. albicans to vaginal epithelial cells in female mice receiving corticosteroids increased in comparison with that in the control animals at estrus: the adherence number increased to 220% and the adherence index, to 470% of the level observed in the controls.
Assuntos
Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidrocortisona/farmacologia , Mucosa Bucal/efeitos dos fármacos , Vagina/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Candida albicans/patogenicidade , Candidíase/etiologia , Candidíase/microbiologia , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Epitélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Epitélio/microbiologia , Estrona/farmacologia , Estro/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologia , Mucosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa/microbiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Vagina/microbiologiaAssuntos
Candida/patogenicidade , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/microbiologia , Diabetes Mellitus/microbiologia , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologia , Adesividade , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Bochecha , Doença Crônica , Epitélio/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos DBA , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Cyto-histological and ultrastructural features of the initial stages of the interaction between Candida cells and epitheliocytes of human and animal mucous membranes were studied in vitro and in vivo. The population of epitheliocytes is heterogeneous in its adhesive properties, 15-20% of cells being several times more adhesive than the rest of the population. Within an individual epitheliocyte the adhesion of blastospores was nonuniform, the majority of the latter attaching to the periphery of the cell and to the intercellular boundaries. This was found in cytological smears, histological film preparations and in SEM micrographs, and was also confirmed by the results of morphometric analysis. Ultrastructural analysis has revealed two phases of the interaction between Candida blastospores and epitheliocytes during adhesion, as well as the cytological effect of the fungal cells.
Assuntos
Candida albicans , Mucosa/citologia , Animais , Células Epiteliais , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Mucosa Bucal/citologia , Fatores de Tempo , VaginaRESUMO
Changes in the adhesion of Candida cells to the mucous membrane of the oral cavity were studied in vitro in experiments with epithelial cells from 12 normal women at various stages of the menstrual cycle. Fungal cells more actively adhered to the epithelial cells obtained at the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle than to those obtained at its luteal phase. At the follicular phase, both the average level of adhesion and the population of epithelial cells with most pronounced adhesive properties increased. The range of variations in adhesion levels was different in individual subjects and varied from 8% to 37% of the individual mean of the whole cycle. The results of this study indicate the existence of the hormonal control of the adhesion of Candida cells to human epithelial cells.
Assuntos
Candida albicans/patogenicidade , Ciclo Menstrual , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologia , Adulto , Adesão Celular , Células Cultivadas , Epitélio/microbiologia , Feminino , Fase Folicular , Humanos , Fase LutealRESUMO
The study of the adhesion test in suspensions, carried out with 9 C. albicans strains and human buccal epithelial cells, has revealed that these cells are exponentially distributed by the number of C. albicans cells adhered to them. To characterize adhesion, the use of the index of the exponent describing the distribution of epithelial cells is proposed. With the use of this index, 5 C. albicans strains isolated from candidiasis patients have been found to possess, on the average, higher adhesiveness with respect to epithelial cells than 4 strains isolated from persons without symptoms of candidiasis.
Assuntos
Candida albicans/patogenicidade , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologia , Candidíase Bucal/microbiologia , Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Bochecha , Células Epiteliais , Epitélio/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Técnicas Microbiológicas , Mucosa Bucal/citologiaRESUMO
Tetracycline hydrochloride, a broad spectrum antibiotic was studied with respect to its effect on Candida adhesion to epitheliocytes of the oral mucosa. The experiments on mice showed that administration of 0.1 per cent solution of the antibiotic to the animals for 4 days resulted in increasing the adhesive number (AN) and adhesion index (AI) up to 175 and 250 per cent respectively as compared to the control. After 3 weeks of the antibiotic use the AN and AI amounted to 220 and 350 per cent respectively as compared to the control.
Assuntos
Candida albicans/fisiologia , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologia , Tetraciclina/farmacologia , Animais , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Epitélio/microbiologia , CamundongosRESUMO
Mucosal candidosis was induced in CBA mice by intraoral inoculation following treatment with corticosteroid-containing aerosol (beclomethasone dipropionate). Histologically, in hormone treated mice the adherence of the pathogen to the mucosal surface was found during the first hours after inoculation. This is followed by the formation of the germ tubes and invasion in the epithelial layer. Pseudomycelial invasion in the malpighian layer is accompanied by the leukocyte response that limits the further spread of the fungal cells. In intact mice, the inoculation is not followed by the effective attachment of the fungal cells to the mucosal surface and induction of mycotic lesions. In vitro experiments have demonstrated the enhanced adherence of fungal blastospores to the epithelial cells of the hormone treated animals, that appears to be one of the mechanisms in the pathogenesis of candidosis in these animals.
Assuntos
Beclometasona/toxicidade , Candidíase Bucal/etiologia , Aerossóis , Animais , Beclometasona/administração & dosagem , Candidíase Bucal/microbiologia , Candidíase Bucal/patologia , Epitélio/microbiologia , Epitélio/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Mucosa Bucal/microbiologia , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The adhesion of fungi belonging to the genus Candida to the epithelial cells of the mouth cavity reached its maximum at pH 6.2-7.0. The process of adhesion had similar dynamics at temperatures of 37 degrees, 28 degrees and 25 degrees C, but the adhesive activity decreased 2 times when temperature dropped from 37 degrees to 25 degrees and 4 times when temperature dropped to 4 degrees C. The introduction of the ions Ca2+ (1 and 10 mM) and Mg2+ (10 mM) led to the increase of adhesion by 80, 100 and 24% respectively. The heating of the fungal cells at 100 degrees C (for 1 hour) and at 63 degrees C (for 2 hours) decreased adhesion to 8 and 24% respectively, and treatment with formaldehyde (for 24 hours) decreased adhesion to 70% of that observed in experiments with live Candida cells.