RESUMO
Statin therapy has been the cornerstone for the reduction of cholesterol and circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, statin monotherapy has disadvantages attributable to myopathies and to the insufficient cholesterol reduction observed in some patients. There is a need for new well-tolerated therapies for lowering LDL. This review will focus on bempedoic acid in combination with traditional statin therapy or other lipid-lowering agents and its emerging role in LDL-C lowering. Bempedoic acid is also a viable alternative for reducing LDL cholesterol in the treatment of some patients suffering from heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia.
Assuntos
Ácidos Dicarboxílicos/uso terapêutico , Ácidos Graxos/uso terapêutico , Hiperlipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapêutico , LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Ensaios Clínicos como Assunto , Ácidos Dicarboxílicos/farmacologia , Quimioterapia Combinada , Ácidos Graxos/farmacologia , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Hipolipemiantes/farmacologiaRESUMO
Eight new oleanane saponins (1- 8) together with four know saponins (9-12) were isolated from the aerial parts of Meryta denhamii. Their structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR experiments including 1D TOCSY, DQF-COSY, ROESY, HSQC, and HMBC spectroscopy, as well as ESIMS analysis. The antiproliferative activity of all compounds was evaluated using three murine and human cancer cell lines: J774.A1, HEK-293, and WEHI-164.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Araliaceae/química , Ácido Oleanólico/análogos & derivados , Plantas Medicinais/química , Saponinas/isolamento & purificação , Saponinas/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Itália , Camundongos , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Ácido Oleanólico/química , Ácido Oleanólico/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Oleanólico/farmacologia , Saponinas/químicaRESUMO
Unpublished data on the chemical composition and nutritional value of Pleurotus mushrooms, growing on Umbelliferous plants (Apiaceae), are here reported. Cultivated basidiomata of four different Pleurotus taxa were analyzed in order to evaluate the composition in lipids, sugars, nitrogen, water, vitamins, ashes, and energetic values. The results showed that Pleurotus mushrooms are suitable in every type of diet thanks to their low caloric content, gastronomic value, vitamins, and mineral salt contents. The presence of a high content of vitamin B(12) and riboflavin in Pleurotus nebrodensis is noteworthy.
Assuntos
Apiaceae/microbiologia , Valor Nutritivo , Pleurotus/química , Pleurotus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ingestão de Energia , Minerais/análise , Vitaminas/análiseRESUMO
Eight new oleanane and lupane saponins (1-8) as well as two new benzyl glycosides (9 and 10) were isolated from the aerial parts of Schefflera rotundifolia (Ten) Frodin (Araliaceae) together with two known benzyl glycosides. Their structures were established using 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The antiproliferative activity of all compounds was evaluated using three continuous murine and human culture cell lines J774.A1, HEK-293, and WEHI-164. Compounds 7 and 8, having betulinic acid as aglycone, were the most active constituents.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Araliaceae , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Espectrometria de Massas , Camundongos , Componentes Aéreos da Planta , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Six new lupane (1 - 4) and oleanane saponins (5 and 6) were isolated from the aerial parts of Schefflera fagueti Baill. (Araliaceae). Their structures were determined by 2D-NMR spectroscopy (DQF-COSY, 1D-TOCSY, 2D-HOHAHA, 1D-ROESY, HSQC, HMBC). The antiproliferative activity of compounds 1 - 6 and of their prosapogenins (1a - 6a) was evaluated using three continuous murine and human culture cell lines J774, HEK-293, WEHI-164. Oleanane saponins 5 and 6 were the most active, showing significant inhibitory effects on all cell lines, while their prosapogenins 5a and 6a demonstrated minor activity.