Chiral domain dynamics and transient interferences of mirrored superlattices in nonequilibrium electronic crystals.

Mirror symmetry plays a major role in determining the properties of matter and is of particular interest in condensed many-body systems undergoing symmetry breaking transitions under non-equilibrium conditions. Typically, in the aftermath of such transitions, one of the two possible broken symmetry states is emergent. However, synthetic systems and those formed under non-equilibrium conditions may exhibit metastable states comprising of both left (L) and right (R) handed symmetry. Here we explore the formation of chiral charge-density wave (CDW) domains after a laser quench in 1T-TaS2 with scanning tunneling microscopy. Typically, we observed transient domains of both chiralities, separated spatially from each other by domain walls with different structure. In addition, we observe transient density of states modulations consistent with interference of L and R-handed charge density waves within the surface monolayer. Theoretical modeling of the intertwined domain structures using a classical charged lattice gas model reproduces the experimental domain wall structures. The superposition (S) state cannot be understood classically within the correlated electron model but is found to be consistent with interferences of L and R-handed charge-density waves within domains, confined by surrounding domain walls, vividly revealing an interference of Fermi electrons with opposite chirality, which is not a result of inter-layer interference, but due to the interaction between electrons within a single layer, confined by domain wall boundaries.

Energy and protein requirements for maintenance of Texel lambs.

It can be hypothesized that the body composition characteristics of different sheep breeds affect their nutritional requirements. However, no study has yet been carried out to determine the nutritional requirements for maintenance of Texel purebred lambs, despite their growing importance in sheep meat production globally. Our objective was therefore to determine the energy and protein requirements for maintenance of Texel lambs. Thirty-four Texel lambs were used, all intact males that were weaned at 50 days old, and confined in individual pens. Two experiments were conducted, as follows. In Experiment 1, a digestibility assay was performed to determine the dietary energy value, in a 3×3 double Latin square design, in which lambs were submitted to three levels of feed restriction (0%, 55% and 70% of ad libitum feed intake). In Experiment 2, the energy and protein requirements for maintenance of Texel lambs from 21 to 40 kg BW were determined using a randomized block design, in which lambs were also submitted to three levels of feed restriction (0%, 55% and 70% of ad libitum feed intake). The requirements for net energy for maintenance (NEm), metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEm), net protein for maintenance (NPm) and metabolizable protein for maintenance (MPm) were determined. The digestibility of dry matter, energy, protein and metabolizability were similar between food restriction levels, averaging 74.4%, 75.5%, 80.3% and 0.636, respectively. The NEm determined for growing Texel lambs was 263 kJ/kg of the metabolic fasting BW (FBW), the MEm was 417 kJ/kg0.75 FBW and the efficiency of use of MEm was 0.63. In addition, the NPm was 1.24 g/day per kg0.75 FBW and the MPm was 2.98 g/day per kg0.75 FBW. The energy requirements of Texel lambs are different from those reported in the literature, possibly due to differences between breeds, diets and environmental effects, whereas the protein requirements are different from literature mainly due to methodological differences; further studies are need to address these aspects that affects the nutritional requirements for raising sheep from different breeds in different environments.

Prediction of physical characteristics of the lamb carcass using in vivo bioimpedance analysis.

The increase of sheep meat competitiveness in international markets can be attributed to the rise of the quantity and the improvement of the quality of the edible portion of sheep carcasses. Usually, carcass yield is established after the slaughter of the animals. Yet, when carcass yield is determined in vivo, it can be both a costly and subjective method. This study proposes models for predicting the physical characteristics of lamb carcass using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) in live animals. Thirty-one Texel × Ile de France crossbreed ram lambs were slaughtered at 20, 26, 32 or 38 kg of BW. Before the slaughter, values of resistance (Rs) and reactance (Xc) were collected using a single-frequency BIA equipment (Model RJL Quantum II Bioelectrical Body Composition Analyzer). Then, BIA main variables such as body bioelectrical volume (V), phase angle (PA), resistive density (RsD) and reactive density (XcD) were calculated. After slaughter, cold carcass weight (CCW), cold carcass yield (CCY), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), soft tissue weight (STW) and soft tissue yield (STY) were also measured. Multiple regression analyses were carried out using the physical characteristics as dependent variables and the bioimpedance values as independent variables. Predictive performance of the models was assessed using leave-one-out cross-validation. The prediction model of CCW was obtained using the V, PA and RsD (R2 = 0.97), STW through the V, RsD and XcD (R2 = 0.97), CCY by Rs, Z and XcD (R2 = 0.69), STY by V and XcD (R2 = 0.67), and SFT only for XcD (R2 = 0.84). The results indicated that BIA has the potential to predict carcass characteristics of lambs at different body masses.

Carcaça e componentes corporais de cordeiros lactentes em pastejo de azevém suplementados com leguminosa ou concentrado / Carcass and body components of suckling lambs grazing ryegrass and supplemented with legume or concentrate

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação privativa, com concentrado ou leguminosa, sobre as características da carcaça e dos componentes corporais de cordeiros lactentes mantidos em pastejo de azevém. Foram utilizados 27 cordeiros lactentes, distribuídos nos tratamentos que corresponderam aos sistemas de alimentação: cordeiros lactentes mantidos em pasto de azevém, cordeiros lactentes mantidos em pasto de azevém e suplementados com concentrado em comedouro privativo (creep feeding) e cordeiros lactentes mantidos em pasto de azevém e suplementados com leguminosa no pasto privativo (creep grazing). O concentrado era composto por milho, farelo de soja e calcário calcítico, e a leguminosa utilizada foi o trevo-branco. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. O conteúdo do trato gastrintestinal juntamente com bile e urina e a proporção de esôfago foram maiores (P<0,05) nos cordeiros mantidos em pasto de azevém. As proporções de fígado e intestino grosso foram maiores (P<0,05) nos cordeiros suplementados com concentrado. Os sistemas alimentares testados produzem carcaças com características semelhantes. A suplementação, com leguminosa ou concentrado, altera os componentes corporais de cordeiros lactentes mantidos em azevém.(AU)

This research objective was to evaluate the effect of private supplementation with concentrated or legumes, on the carcass characteristics and body components from suckling lambs kept on ryegrass pasture. Twenty seven suckling lambs were used, with about 17 days of age and weighing 9,91±0,594kg, which were distributed in the treatments that corresponded to feeding systems: suckling lambs kept on ryegrass pasture, suckling lambs kept on ryegrass pasture and supplemented with concentrated in private feeder (creep feeding) and suckling lambs kept on ryegrass pasture and supplemented with legume in the private pasture (creep grazing). The concentrate supplement was composed by corn, soybean meal and limestone, and was supplied ad libitum. The supplementary pasture was white clover legume. The experimental design was completely randomized, where the results were submitted to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test at 5% of significance level. The gastrointestinal+bile+urine content and the proportion of esophagus were higher (P<0,05) in lambs kept on ryegrass. The liver and large intestine proportions were higher (P<0,05) in lambs supplemented with concentrate. The tested alimentary systems produce carcasses with similar characteristics. The supplementation with legume or concentrate cause changes in body components of suckling lambs grazing ryegrass.(AU)

Consumo e desempenho de cordeiros e borregos alimentados com dietas de alto concentrado de milho ou sorgo / Intake and performance of lambs and hoggets fed high concentrate corn or sorghum diets

Objetivou-se avaliar os consumos de matéria seca, nutrientes e desempenho na terminação de cordeiros e borregos submetidos a dietas de alto concentrado de grão de milho ou sorgo. Foram utilizados 32 animais, sendo 16 cordeiros (dente de leite) e 16 borregos (dois dentes) da raça Corriedale. As dietas eram constituídas de feno de aveia- branca (Avena sativa), grão de milho (Zea mays) ou de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), farelo de soja (Glycine Max), calcário calcítico, bicarbonato de sódio e monensina. Os cordeiros apresentaram superioridade (P≤0,05) quanto ao CMS (% do PV e g/kg PV0,75), ao CPB (kg/dia, % do PV e g/kg PV0,75), ao CEE (% do PV), ao CFDN e ao CFDA (% do PV e g/kg PV0,75), ao CNDT (% do PV), ao ganho de peso médio diário, à conformação in vivo e à conversão alimentar. Por outro lado, o CEE, o CCHT e o CCNE (kg/dia), o peso vivo inicial, o peso vivo final e o peso vivo ao abate foram superiores (P≤0,05) na categoria dos borregos. Em relação aos grãos avaliados, verificou-se maior (P≤0,05) CEE (kg/dia, % do PV e g/kg PV0,75) e menor (P≤0,05) CFDN (% do PV) e CFDA (kg/dia, % do PV e g/kg PV0,75) para os animais alimentados com dieta de alto concentrado à base de grão de milho em relação àqueles alimentados com grão de sorgo. Os cordeiros apresentam consumos relativos superiores aos borregos, porém sua resposta zootécnica é maior. O uso de dietas de alto concentrado de sorgo ou de milho proporcionou resultados semelhantes.(AU)

This study aimed to evaluate the dry matter, nutrient intake, and performance on feedlot of lambs and hoggets submitted to corn or sorghum high concentrate diets. Thirty-two Corriedale animals, being 16 lambs (milk teeth) and 16 hoggets (two teeth) were used. The diets were composed of white oat hay (Avena sativa), corn (Zea mays) or sorghum grain (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), soybean meal (Glycine Max), limestone, sodium bicarbonate, and monensin. The lambs presented a superiority (P≤0.05) regarding the DMI (% of LW and g/kg LW0.75), CPI (kg/day, % of LW and g/kg LW0.75), EEI (% of LW), NDFI and ADFI (% of LW and g/kg LW0.75), TDNI (% of LW), daily average weight gain, conformation in vivo and feed conversion. On the other hand, the EEI, TCI, and NSCI (kg/day), the initial live weight, final live weight and the live weight at slaughter were superior (P≤0.05) in the hoggets category. In relation to the evaluated grains, a higher (P≤0.05) EEI (kg/day, % of LW and g/kg LW0.75) and a lower (P≤0.05) NDFI (% of LW) and ADFI (kg/day, % of LW and g/kg LW0.75) were verified for the animals fed with high concentrate diets based on corn grain in relation to those fed with sorghum grain. The lambs presented an intake relatively superior to the hoggets, however their zootechnical response is higher. The use of high concentrate diets of sorghum or corn provides similar results.

Consumo, desempenho e análise econômica da alimentação de cordeiros terminados em confinamento com o uso de dietas de alto grão / Consumption, performance and economic analysis of the feeding of lambs finished in feedlot as the use of high-grain diets

O presente experimento, conduzido no Laboratório de Ovinocultura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do uso de diferentes dietas de alto grão sobre o consumo de nutrientes e o desempenho de cordeiros terminados em confinamento, bem como realizar uma análise econômica da alimentação utilizada para terminação dos animais. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros machos, castrados, da raça Texel, nascidos de parto simples e desmamados com aproximadamente 50 dias de idade. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por diferentes tipos de grãos, não processados, sendo: grão de milho, grão de aveia branca, grão de aveia preta ou grão de arroz com casca. Os animais foram abatidos quando atingiram o peso vivo de abate pré-estabelecido de 32kg, que corresponde a 60% do peso adulto de suas mães. Cordeiros alimentados com dietas de alto grão de milho apresentam maiores consumos de matéria seca, matéria orgânica, proteína bruta, carboidratos totais e de nutrientes digestíveis totais, menor consumo de fibra em detergente neutro, melhor escore de condição corporal, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar, o que leva à redução do número de dias no confinamento necessários para atingir o peso de abate. Além disso, cordeiros terminados com o uso de dieta de alto grão à base de grão de milho proporcionam melhor resultado econômico quando comparados com cordeiros terminados com as demais dietas de alto grão utilizadas neste experimento. O uso de dietas de alto grão de milho, aveia branca, aveia preta ou arroz com casca para terminação de cordeiros em sistema de confinamento é uma alternativa viável do ponto de vista produtivo. Porém, o uso de grão de milho proporciona melhores resultados produtivos e econômicos.

This experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Sheep, Federal University of Santa Maria, and aimed to evaluate the effect of using different high-grain diets on nutrient intake and performance of lambs in a feedlot, as well as conduct an economic analysis of feeding used for termination of the animals. A total of 32 Texel breed castrated male lambs, born from a simple birth and weaned at approximately 50 days of age were used. The treatments consisted of different types of grains, unprocessed, as follows: corn grain, white oat grain, black oat grain or grain of rice in the husk. The animals were slaughtered when they reached a pre-established body weight of 32kg for slaughter, which corresponds to 60% of the mature weight of their mothers. Lambs fed diets with high corn grain have higher intakes of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, total digestible nutrients and total carbohydrate, lower consumption of neutral detergent fiber and better body condition score, weight gain and feed conversion, which leads to reduction in the number of days in confinement needed to reach slaughter weight. In addition, lambs using high-grain diet based grain corn provide better economic results when compared with lambs with other high-grain diets used in this experiment. The use of diets high in grain corn, white oat grain, black oat grain or grain of rice in the husk for finishing lambs in feedlot is a viable alternative from a productive point of view. However, the use of corn grain provides better performance and economic results.

Características produtivas de cordeiros terminados em confinamento com dietas contendo diferentes teores de borra de soja / Productive characteristics of lambs finished in feedlot fed different levels of soybean soapstock

Avaliou-se o efeito de dietas contendo diferentes teores de borra de soja sobre o consumo de nutrientes, o ganho de peso, as características de carcaça e os componentes do peso vivo de cordeiros terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 25 cordeiros, machos, castrados, da raça Texel, distribuídos aleatoriamente em cinco tratamentos compostos por proporções de 0%, 2,89%, 5,77%, 8,65% ou 11,55% de borra de soja na matéria seca das dietas. Houve redução linear do consumo de nutrientes, com exceção do consumo de extrato etéreo, que aumentou linearmente. O peso vivo ao abate, o ganho de peso diário, os pesos e rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria, e os pesos de perna e de costilhar diminuíram linearmente, ao passo que as proporções de rúmen e do trato gastrintestinal, com conteúdo, bem como o conteúdo gastrointestinal, aumentaram linearmente com o aumento dos níveis de borra de soja nas dietas. A proporção de perna foi influenciada de forma quadrática. O aumento da participação de borra de soja na dieta de cordeiros em sistema de confinamento leva à diminuição do desempenho produtivo dos animais. Contudo, o lucro diário obtido por animal não é influenciado, podendo-se inferir que a inclusão de borra de soja até o nível de 11,55% da matéria seca total da dieta é uma alternativa viável para a terminação de cordeiros em confinamento.

We evaluated the nutrient intake, weight gain, carcass characteristics and the non carcass components of lambs in feedlot finishing diets containing increasing levels of soybean soapstock . We used 25 male lambs , castrated Texel , randomly distributed into five treatments consisting of proporti ons of 0 %, 2 . 89 %, 5. 77 %, 8 . 6 5 % or 11 .55 % of soybean soapstock i n the dry matter this diets. Linear reduction of nutrient intake was observed , with the exception of the consumption of ether extract , which increased linearly. The live weight at slaughter , th e daily weight gain , the weights and yields from hot and cold carcass and the weights of hindquarter and rib decreased linearly , while the p roportions of rumen and gastrointestinal tract, full and gastrointestinal tract content increased in a linear way as it increased the proportion of level this soybean soapstock in the diet. The proportion of hindquarter varied in a quadratic way. The increase in soybean soapstock in the diet of lambs in confinement system leads to decrease in productive performance of a nimals. However, the daily profit obtained per animal is not affected, and we may infer that the inclusion of soybean soapstock to the level of 11.55% of the total dry matter of the diet is a viable alternative to termination of feedlot lambs.

Performance characteristics of laboratory testing and clinical outcomes.

In order to demonstrate the relationship between performance characteristics of laboratory tests and clinical outcomes, diabetes seems to represent a paradigmatic disease: diagnosis, monitoring of therapeutic efficacy and prognosis are adequately achieved by means of laboratory testing. Starting from a simple molecule, glucose, used for the diagnosis of diabetes, continuing with creatinine, used for monitoring renal function in diabetic patients and concluding with cardiac troponins, a recognised gold standard for the diagnosis and risk stratification of cardiovascular diseases, several criticisms may be stressed considering the current methodological state-of-the art. Finally, an often overlooked aspect of performance, the analytical interferences, being responsible of unexpected results, that in turn depend from unknown or undisclosed factors will be discussed, concerning in particular, in our paper, the macroprolactin and the heterophilic antibodies aspects.

[Acute effects of environmental pollution on the urban vigilants airways]. / Effetto acuto dell'inquinamento ambientale sulle vie aeree in vigili urbani.

AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the acute exposure to air pollution, in a group of policemen of Padua, is correlated with increased inflammatory biomarkers (exhaled nitric oxide, feNO) and alterations of bronchiolar cells (assessed by CC16 Clara cell-specific protein). METHODS: We studied 44 healthy, non-smokers divided in exposed to traffic and controls (office workers). Before and after the Monday shift serum and urinary concentration of CC16, feNo and spirometry were measured in each subject. Data on air pollutants, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, O3 were collected from official bulletin online (ARPAV). RESULTS: In exposed policemen serum CC16 decreased after shift (before 4.6 +/- 0.2 vs after 6.4 +/- 0.8 ng/ml, = 0.02), while feNO increased significantly (33.2 +/- 4.4 vs 29.7 +/- 3.9 ppb, p = 0.02). feNO cross-shift changes were positively correlated with environmental SO2 levels (rho = 0.48; p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that in healthy and nonsmokers subjects the exposure to air pollution is associated with subclinical airway inflammation and decrease of bronchiolar epithelium function.

Effects of MR889, a cyclic thiolic neutrophil elastase inhibitor, on rheologic properties of mucus.

MR889 is a synthetic inhibitor of human neutrophil elastase with potential in clinical conditions characterized by a high load of this proteolytic enzyme, mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. On the basis of its mechanism of inhibition, it has been suggested that MR889, upon reaction with elastase, would generate new free thiol groups. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MR889, upon reaction with elastase, may modify rheologic properties, i.e. apparent viscosity and elasticity, of both human sputum and porcine stomach mucus, in ex-vivo and in vitro experiments. MR889 10(-4) M alone had no effect on rheologic properties of samples, whereas an agent with free thiol group, n-acetylcysteine 10(-4) M reduced both viscosity and elasticity. MR889 10(-4) M upon reaction with elastase 0.03 nMol (giving 83% of elastase inhibition) had no effect on rheologic properties of samples, whereas upon reaction with elastase 0.15 nMol (49% inhibition) yielded a marked decrease in viscosity. This result would suggest that MR889, in the presence of a high load of elastase, may acquire direct mucus modifying capacity, likely because of its greater utilization upon reaction with the enzyme.

Antigliadin antibody classes in chronic liver disease.

Antigliadin antibody (AGA) subtypes (IgG and IgA class) were tested in sera from 67 patients with chronic liver disease of different aetiology (29 with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), 31 with chronic non-A non-B hepatitis, and 7 with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis (CAH) compared with 23 subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Nineteen patients with coeliac disease served as positive controls. IgA-AGA alone were found in 3.4% of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and in 3.2% of non-A, non-B CAH. IgG-AGA alone were found in 1.3% of patients with IBD, in 6.8% of primary biliary cirrhosis and in 14.2% of autoimmune CAH. IgA-AGA and IgG-AGA together were found in 6.8% of PBC and in 1 patient with autoimmune CAH. Jejunal biopsy, performed in 7 out of the 2 patients with both IgA and IgG-AGA, showed the characteristic features of coeliac disease in one subject with autoimmune CAH. The same patient had the highest titre of AGA. In conclusion, these results indicate that AGA (either IgG and IgA) can be present at low titre in chronic liver disease and their presence may be secondary to the liver damage per sè. High titres of AGA in chronic liver disease may suggest a real association with coeliac disease.

Heterogeneity of immunoreactive dynorphin B-like material in human, rat, rabbit and guinea-pig heart.

Immunoreactive dynorphin B-like material (ir-dyn B) was detected in acetic acid extracts of human atrial specimens and of rat, rabbit and guinea-pig atria and ventricles by a validated radioimmunoassay. Levels were high in rabbit atrium (66.76 +/- 7.04 pmol/g) but lower and superimposable in human and rat atria (28.18 +/- 3.20 and 30.22 +/- 2.45 pmol/g, respectively). Gel permeation chromatography revealed ir-dyn B eluting close to column exclusion and in forms with an apparently higher molecular weight than authentic dyn B in human and rat samples. In contrast, almost all the immunoreactivity from rabbit and guinea-pig acetic extracts eluted as a single peak in the region of standard dyn B. Reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography of the pooled gel chromatography fractions of this peak showed up a molecular form with the same retention time as authentic dyn B and a second minor peak of unknown immunoreactive material eluting three fractions earlier. Digestion with carboxypeptidase B excluded the hypothesis that this latter could be dyn B-Arg14. Therefore, it might be a metabolite of endogenous dyn B recognized by the antibody used in this study.

Synthesis and pharmacological activity of 2-alkylthio substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-one and 5H-pyrimido [5,4-b]indol-4-one.

Quaternary salts of several 2-alkylthio substituted derivatives of thieno [2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one and 5H-pyrimido [5,4-b]indol-4-one with a basic group in position 2 of the alkyl chain were synthesized and screened for potential spasmolytic activity. These substances were prepared by condensation of the corresponding mercapto compounds with a 2-chloroalkyltertiary amine. The tertiary bases were quaternized with methyl iodide. Among the assayed compounds, the thieno [2-3-d]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives displayed a potent spasmolytic activity in the in vitro and in vivo assays.

Changes in heart rate during feedback control of respiration.

Subjects received one of eight treatments: practice at increasing heart rate with heart-rate feedback, practice at decreasing heart rate with heart-rate feedback, practice at increasing heart rate without heart-rate feedback, practice at decreasing heart rate without heart-rate feedback, practice at increasing respiration rate with respiratory feedback, practice at decreasing respiration rate with respiratory feedback, practice at increasing respiration rate with respiratory instructions only, practice at decreasing respiration rate with respiratory instructions only. Heart rate, Respiration rate, and Respiration depth were measured. Analysis indicated that subjects who controlled respiration with respiratory feedback reliably increased and decreased heart rate; subjects who controlled respiration with respiratory instructions only reliably increased but not decreased heart rate; subjects in the respiratory-feedback conditions showed higher heart-rate increase and decrease than heart-rate increase and decrease of subjects in the other six conditions.

Estructura de la demanda de un servicio de emergencia en situación de catástrofe

Se presentan las variaciones ocurridas en las estructura de la demanda del servicio de urgencia de un hospital general de la Región Metropolitana, en el día de ocurrecia y siguientes al sismo de marzo de 1985. En la comparación con igual período del año anterior 1984, se evidencian diferencias en los grupos patologías en cuyo origen tiene influencia el stress, tales como son los trastornos neurofuncionales, el síndrome anginoso, la hemorragia digestiva alta y el asma broquial, siendo estas diferencias estadísticamente significativas. A la inversa las patologías de consulta habitual en un servicio de urgencia y cuya frecuencia o agravación no tiene relación con el stress, no experimentaron variación significativa a raíz del terremoto comparadas con su ocurrencia en fecha similar del año anterior. Se analizan también las variaciones de las patologías relacionadas al stress en términos de sexo y edad, destacándose el predominio de consultantes mujeres afectadas por trastornos neurofuncionales y neurológicas. Se señalan la importancia de la información obtenida en la administración de los recursos de atención en salud en situaciones de emergencia como la en referencia y la posibilidad de preparaar equipo profesionales para afrontar las exigenigencias particulares de la demanda en casos de catástrofe (AU)

Estructura de la demanda de un servicio de urgencia en situación de catástrofe

Se presentan las variaciones ocurridas en la estructura de la demanda del servicio de urgencia de un hospital general de la Región Metropolitana, en el día de ocurrencia y siguientes al sismo de marzo de 1985. En la comparación con igual periódo del año anterior 1984, se evidencian diferencias en los grupos de patologías en cuyo origen tiene influencia el stress, tales como son los trastornos neurofuncionales, el síndrome anginoso, la hemorragia digestiva alta y el asma bronquial, siendo estas diferencias estadísticamente significativas. A la inversa las patologías de consulta habitual en un servicio de urgencia, y cuya frecuencia o agravación no tienen relación con el stress, no experimentaron variación significativa a raíz del terremoto comparadas con su ocurrencia en fecha similar del año anterior. Se analizan también las variaciones de las patologías relacionadas al stress en términos de sexo y edad, destacándose el predominio de consultantes mujeres afectadas por trastornos neurofuncionales y neurológicos. Se señalan la importancia de la información obtenida en la administración de los recursos de atención de salud en situaciones de emergencia como en lareferencia y la posibilidad de preparar equipos profesionales para afrontar las exigencias particulares de la demanda en casos de catástrofes

CA 19-9 in the differential diagnosis between pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis.

CA 19-9 serum concentration was determined by a immunoradiometric technique in 130 subjects to evaluate its role in differentiating pancreatic cancer from chronic pancreatitis. Two threshold values were chosen, 17 and 37 U/ml. With the former, sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were 86.7, 62.3 and 49.0 respectively, with the latter 73.3, 87.0 and 60.3%. The receiver-operating characteristic curves demonstrated a satisfactory discriminating capacity of CA 19-9 as regards pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis; in contrast, the discrimination was poor for other gastrointestinal diseases, mainly of a malignant nature.