A mobile high-resolution gamma camera for therapeutic dose control during radionuclide therapy.

Objective.Molecular radiotherapy is the most used treatment modality against malign and benign diseases of thyroid. In that context, the large heterogeneity of therapeutic doses in patients and the range of effects observed show that individualized dosimetry is essential for optimizing treatments according to the targeted clinical outcome.Approach.We developed a high-resolution mobile gamma camera specifically designed to improve the quantitative assessment of the distribution and biokinetics of131I at patients's bedside after treatment of thyroid diseases. The first prototype has a field of view of 5 × 5 cm2and consists of a high-energy parallel-hole collimator made of 3D-printed tungsten, coupled to a 6 mm thick CeBr3scintillator readout by an array of silicon photomultiplier detectors. The intrinsic and overall imaging performance of the camera was evaluated with133Ba and131I sources. In order to test its quantification capability in realistic clinical conditions, two different 3D-printed thyroid phantoms homogeneously filled with131I were used. Both single view and conjugate view approaches have been applied, with and without scatter correction technique.Main Results.The camera exhibits high imaging performance with an overall energy resolution of 7.68 ± 0.01%, a submillimetric intrinsic spatial resolution of 0.74 ± 0.28 mm and a very low spatial distortion 0.15 ± 0.10 mm. The complete calibration of the camera shows an overall spatial resolution of 3.14 ± 0.03 mm at a distance of 5 cm and a corresponding sensitivity of 1.23 ± 0.01 cps/MBq, which decreases with distance and slightly changes with source size due to the influence of scattering. Activity recovery factors better than 97% were found with the thyroid phantoms.Significance.These preliminary results are very encouraging for the use of our camera as a tool for accurate quantification of absorbed doses and currently motivates the development of a fully operational clinical camera with a 10 × 10 cm2field of view and improved imaging capabilities.

Advanced Monte Carlo simulations of emission tomography imaging systems with GATE.

Built on top of the Geant4 toolkit, GATE is collaboratively developed for more than 15 years to design Monte Carlo simulations of nuclear-based imaging systems. It is, in particular, used by researchers and industrials to design, optimize, understand and create innovative emission tomography systems. In this paper, we reviewed the recent developments that have been proposed to simulate modern detectors and provide a comprehensive report on imaging systems that have been simulated and evaluated in GATE. Additionally, some methodological developments that are not specific for imaging but that can improve detector modeling and provide computation time gains, such as Variance Reduction Techniques and Artificial Intelligence integration, are described and discussed.