A New Sesquiterpene Essential Oil from the Native Andean Species Jungia rugosa Less (Asteraceae): Chemical Analysis, Enantiomeric Evaluation, and Cholinergic Activity.

As part of a project devoted to the phytochemical study of Ecuadorian biodiversity, new essential oils are systematically distilled and analysed. In the present work, Jungia rugosa Less (Asteraceae) has been selected and some wild specimens collected to investigate the volatile fraction. The essential oil, obtained from fresh leaves, was analysed for the first time in the present study. The chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography, coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for qualitative analysis, and to flame ionization detector (GC-FID) for quantitation. The calculation of relative response factors (RRF), based on combustion enthalpy, was carried out for each quantified component. Fifty-six compounds were identified and quantified in a 5% phenyl-polydimethylsiloxane non-polar column and 53 compounds in a polyethylene glycol polar column, including four undetermined compounds. The main feature of this essential oil was the exclusive sesquiterpenes content, both hydrocarbons (74.7% and 80.4%) and oxygenated (8.3% and 9.6%). Major constituents were: γ-curcumene (47.1% and 49.7%) and ß-sesquiphellandrene (17.0% and 17.9%), together with two abundant undetermined oxygenated sesquiterpenes, whose abundance was 6.7-7.2% and 4.7-3.3%, respectively. In addition, the essential oil was submitted to enantioselective evaluation in two ß-cyclodextrin-based enantioselective columns, determining the enantiomeric purity of a minor component (1S,2R,6R,7R,8R)-(+)-α-copaene. Finally, the AChE inhibition activity of the EO was evaluated in vitro. In conclusion, this volatile fraction is suitable for further investigation, according to two main lines: (a) the purification and structure elucidation of the major undetermined compounds, (b) a bio-guided fractionation, intended to investigate the presence of new sesquiterpene AChE inhibitors among the minor components.

Estimación de la edad cronológica en función de la mineralización del tercer molar inferior en población andina / Estimation of the chronological age based on the mineralization of the third lower molar in the andean population

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de mineralización del tercer molar inferior de acuerdo a la edad cronológica mediante el método Demirjian en radiografías panorámicas digitales de pacientes andinos. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio correlacional analizando 706 radiografías panorámicas digitales en la Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca Ecuador, en el período 2015-2016. Los pacientes tuvieron entre 6 y 22 años de edad. Se Evaluó un total de 1412 terceros molares (4.8 y 3.8). Resultados: Un primer análisis descriptivo mostró una correlación fuerte (Rho= 0,99) entre la edad cronológica y el nivel o grado de mineralización del tercer molar inferior. En ambas piezas estudiadas el inicio de la formación del tercer molar se dio en promedio a los 8,13 años y finalizaba a los 20,41 años. Los estadios que mostraron mayor coincidencia en ambos sexos y en ambas piezas fueron B, C, F, G y H y los estadios con menor coincidencia fueron los estadios A, D, E. Conclusiones: De acuerdo a los resultados podemos sugerir que el método Demirjian, es una herramienta útil para determinar la edad cronológica en base a la mineralización de los terceros molares, con un error de +/- 1.2 meses por lo que es posible ser usado para la estimación de la edad en evaluaciones forenses.

SUMMARY Objective: To determine the level of mineralization of the third lower molar according to chronological age using the Demirjian method in panoramic digital radiographies of Andean patients. Material and methods: A correlational study was carried out analyzing 706 digital panoramic radiographies in the Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca Ecuador, in the period 2015-2016. The patients were between 6 and 22 years of age. A total of 1412 third molars (4.8 and 3.8) were evaluated. Results: A first descriptive analysis showed a strong correlation (Rho=0.99) between chronological age and the level or degree of mineralization of the lower third molar. In both studied pieces the beginning of the formation of the third molar was given in average at 8,13 years and finished at 20,41 years. The stages that showed greater coincidence in both sexes and in both pieces were B, C, F, G and H and the stages with less coincidence were the stages A, D, E. Conclusions: According to the results we can suggest that the Demirjian method is a useful tool to determine the chronological age based on the mineralization of the third molars, with an error of +/- 1.2 months so it is possible to be used for the estimation of the age in forensic evaluations.

Hipercementosis, una alteración de la estructura dentaria: recopilación bibliográfica / Hypercementosis, an alteration of the dental structure: bibliographic compilation

La hipercementosis se presenta como depósitos de cemento en la raíz de uno o más dientes. Siendo más frecuente en dientes que están sometidos a fuerzas de oclusión, particularmente en pacientes con enfermedad de Paget. El aumento de cemento se depositará en una banda que se encuentra situada alrededor del tercio apical de la raíz, es de ayuda útil realizar una evaluación radiográfi ca antes de una extracción dental (AU)

Hypercementosis occurs as cement deposits in the root of one or more teeth. Being more frequent in teeth that are subjected to occlusion forces or in patients with Paget's disease. The cement increase can be deposited in a band that can be found near the apical third of the root, it is a dental aid that a radiographic evaluation is made before a dental extraction (AU)