RESUMO
The direct fluorimetric analysis of extracellular free DNA looks like a perspective test for diagnostic and monitoring of oncologic diseases. The major analytical parameters of this technique were evaluated and its regional reference intervals and inter-individual and intra-individual variability as well. It was established that the technique limit of detection equals 42.2 ng/ml and response is linear till 1000 ng/ml (R2>0.99). The freezing/unfreezing of plasma exerts no influence on result of analysis up to fourth cycle. The storage of blood samples during 8 hours before centrifugation has no significant effect on measuring level of extracellular free DNA. The storage of plasma samples at -20oC during a month also has no significant effect. The coefficients of analytical intraday and inter-days variations not exceeded 7.2%. The level of extracellular free DNA in plasma of healthy volunteers amounted to 305±39.5 ng/ml and 422.7±86 ng/ml in serum. The indices of individuality made up to 0.47 and 0.29 (plasma and blood serum correspondingly). Therefore, it is demonstrated that direct fluorimetric technique of quantitative detection of extracellular free DNA is characterized by acceptable for clinical studies level of quality of measurements, simplicity of procedure requiring no preliminary extraction. This technique can become perspective protocol for application in routine laboratory practice.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to determine the reference interval of serum cobalt-binding capacity (CoBC) and to estimate the effect of factors unrelated to oxidative modification of serum albumin on this diagnostic marker. A group of healthy volunteers (n=194), a group of patients with autoimmune diseases (n=44) and a group of patients with diabetes type 2 (n=50) participated in this study. The regional reference interval was found to be 0,462-0,744 mmol Co 2+ /l of serum. The study of serum CoBC in two groups of patients showed that the CoBC level strongly depends on the serum protein profile. Therefore, this diagnostic test may be used for diagnosing ischemia, but other pathologies associated with changes in a ratio of blood protein fractions can also influence the serum CoBC level.
Assuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/sangue , Proteínas Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Cobalto/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangue , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática/sangue , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Artrite Reumatoide/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ligação Proteica , Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática/diagnóstico , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
The article considers several practical situations requiring estimation of economic effectiveness. The protocols of estimation, costs and effectiveness accounting requirements of practical public health are proposed. The necessity of development of correct epidemiological model is demonstrated to estimate profit of innovations of diagnostic stage. The estimation "costs-effectiveness" is made for troponins at diagnostic of cardiac infarction and prostate-specific antigen under screening of prostate cancer.
Assuntos
Análise Custo-Benefício , Infarto/economia , Ciência de Laboratório Médico/economia , Neoplasias da Próstata/economia , Algoritmos , Humanos , Infarto/diagnóstico , Masculino , Antígeno Prostático Específico/economia , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Troponina C/economiaRESUMO
The adequacy of implementation of present proteinuria diagnostic thresholds under examination of pregnant women was examined. The analysis was applied to all urine samples of pregnant women from December 2009 to March 20010. The amount of protein in urine was concurrently evaluated by turbidimetric analysis with sulfosalicylic acid, colorimetric analysis with pyrogallol red, "dry chemistry" technology (the diagnostic strips). It is established that the mentioned techniques of analysis of protein in urine provide independent results. The results of colorimetric analysis are characterized by better precision and adequacy. However, in case of pregnant women the diagnostic threshold of protein concentration should be shifted from 0.120 to 0.150 g/l.
Assuntos
Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/diagnóstico , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/urina , Proteinúria/diagnóstico , Proteinúria/urina , Colorimetria/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Nefelometria e Turbidimetria/métodos , Gravidez , Pirogalol/análogos & derivados , Pirogalol/urina , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
The retrospective study included 494 patients (the triglycerides level was less than 4.2 mole per liter) examined during January-March 2010 in four medical institutions of Volgograd and Voljsky. The comparative analysis was made of results of the Friedewald equation test and direct test of cholesterol-low density lipoproteins in the same samples. The correlation between the results of different tests of cholesterol-low density lipoproteins was low (R2=0.65). The labeling of patients as particular category according the results of testing of cholesterol-low density lipoproteins with different techniques matched only in 55% of cases. At the same time, under direct testing of cholesterol-low density lipoproteins in 40% of cases the patients were labeled as low risk category.
Assuntos
LDL-Colesterol/sangue , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Adulto , Idoso , Tomada de Decisões , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Triglicerídeos/sangueRESUMO
The choice of technology of electrophoretic fractionating of blood serum proteins is determined, besides the analytical characteristics, by its economic component. The electrophoresis technologies developed by the R&D production facility "Astra" (Russia) and the firm "PZ Cormay S.A." (Poland) are compared from a viewpoint of applicability in routine laboratory, practice and diagnostics of multiple plasma cell myeloma in particular. It is established that under the comparable economic, "consumer" and analytic characteristics of technologies in the diagnostic process the application of the technology in agarose gel ("PZ Cormay S.A.") is more preferable.
Assuntos
Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar/métodos , Eletroforese em Acetato de Celulose/métodos , Proteínas Sanguíneas , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar/economia , Eletroforese em Gel de Ágar/instrumentação , Eletroforese em Acetato de Celulose/economia , Eletroforese em Acetato de Celulose/instrumentação , Humanos , Mieloma Múltiplo/diagnósticoRESUMO
Chronic administration of 50% ethanol in a dose of 8 g/kg produces a toxic effect on functional activity of cardiomyocyte mitochondria, which manifested in decreased rates of respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. Structural GABA analogue Citrocard (phenibut citrate) and reference preparation piracetam in doses of 50 and 200 mg/kg, respectively, prevented the damaging effect of alcohol, which was seen from increased indexes of oxidative phosphorylation in treated animals compared to the control group.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/tratamento farmacológico , Alcoolismo/metabolismo , GABAérgicos/farmacologia , Mitocôndrias Cardíacas/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias Cardíacas/metabolismo , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Miócitos Cardíacos/metabolismo , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/análogos & derivados , Animais , Masculino , Fosforilação Oxidativa/efeitos dos fármacos , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Piracetam/farmacologia , Ratos , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/farmacologiaRESUMO
The properties of karphedone and phepyrone--new phenyl derivatives of pyrrolidone possessing nootropic activity--were studied in the course of the acute toxicity tests on rats. The drug effects were evaluated in terms of their integral influence on the state and behavior of test animals. The real therapeutic range and the profit/risk ratio of karphedone were comparable with those of the reference drug pyracetam and exceeded by a factor of 1.3 the corresponding values for phepyrone (irrespective of the LD50 values). The results give grounds for the further preclinical investigation of karphedone.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Carbamatos/toxicidade , Nootrópicos/toxicidade , Pirrolidinonas/toxicidade , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/análogos & derivados , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/toxicidade , Animais , Carbamatos/farmacologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Dose Letal Mediana , Masculino , Nootrópicos/farmacologia , Piracetam/farmacologia , Piracetam/toxicidade , Pirrolidinonas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/farmacologiaRESUMO
A comparative acute toxicity test of the nootropic drugs piracetam and picamilon was performed on rats. The study was based on the principles of integral evaluation of the drug effect upon the functional and behavioral state of animals. It was found that the conventional therapeutic index does not coincide with the actual therapeutic activity range. Piracetam and picamilon, while exhibiting significantly different toxicity, are characterized by approximately equal ranges of the therapeutic activity.
Assuntos
Nootrópicos/toxicidade , Piracetam/toxicidade , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/toxicidade , Animais , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Feminino , Dose Letal Mediana , Masculino , Ratos , Testes de Toxicidade Aguda , Ácido gama-Aminobutírico/análogos & derivadosRESUMO
The results of experimental investigation of the effect of bromantan on the behavioral activity of rats in the open-field test were treated by a combination of the discriminant and dispersion methods. The toxic effect of the drug on the neurogenic (neurologic) mechanisms conducting the behavior is evaluated.
Assuntos
Amantadina/análogos & derivados , Amantadina/toxicidade , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Psicotrópicos/toxicidade , Animais , Comportamento Exploratório/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Masculino , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The toxicity of bromantan was evaluated by conventional acute tests (according to Belen'kii) and by the behavioral activity data (according to Irvin). A method of integral graphical representation of the behavioral activity data is suggested, according to which the results are plotted as a "dose trajectory." Using the dose trajectory constructed for bromantan, the levels of therapeutic, toxic, and lethal doses were calculated. It was established that catecholaminergic effects account for the mechanism of therapeutic action of bromantan, while cholinergic effects determine the drug action in toxic doses.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/toxicidade , Amantadina/análogos & derivados , Psicotrópicos/toxicidade , Amantadina/toxicidade , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Dose Letal Mediana , RatosRESUMO
The experiments on rats showed for bemithyl LD50 = 581.48 (350.17-965.57) mg/kg and for bromithyl LD50 = 1750.30 (1463.07-2093.92) mg/kg (males) and 1584.29 (1280.46-1960.22) mg/kg (females). The therapeutic ratios are 4-6 for both drugs, while the toxicity index is 10-15 for bemithyl and 20 <196> 22 for bromithyl. It was established that ergotropic effects prevail in the toxicity of bemithyl administered in the 20-80 mg/kg dose range, while trophotropic effects are dominating at doses above 100 mg/kg. Bromithyl exhibits a dose-dependent trophotropic effect in the entire dose range.
Assuntos
Amantadina/análogos & derivados , Amantadina/toxicidade , Benzimidazóis/toxicidade , Animais , Combinação de Medicamentos , Feminino , Dose Letal Mediana , Masculino , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Testes de Toxicidade AgudaRESUMO
The effect of intraperitoneal administration of perfluorocarbon emulsion, an inducer of cytochrome P-450-dependent monoxygenase system of the liver, on the resistance of rodents to the action of CCl4 and organophosphorus pesticides was studied. Perfluorocarbon emulsion potentiated CCl4 toxicity decreasing LD50 from 4.5 to 3.7 mg/kg mouse body weight without changing susceptibility of rats to organophosphorus pesticides. A preliminary administration of perfluorocarbon emulsion effectively increased the protective action of antidotes (atropine + dipyroxime) providing the resistance of the animals to 12-fold, 20-fold and 20-fold LD50 of dichlophos, methaphos and butiphos, respectively.
Assuntos
Antídotos/uso terapêutico , Tetracloreto de Carbono/toxicidade , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/biossíntese , Fluorocarbonos/uso terapêutico , Inseticidas/intoxicação , Fígado/enzimologia , Compostos Organofosforados , Oxigenases/biossíntese , Animais , Intoxicação por Tetracloreto de Carbono/tratamento farmacológico , Intoxicação por Tetracloreto de Carbono/mortalidade , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Interações Medicamentosas , Indução Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Inseticidas/toxicidade , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Intoxicação/tratamento farmacológico , Intoxicação/mortalidade , Intoxicação/prevenção & controle , RatosRESUMO
Theoretical conformational analysis of the tri- and tetrasaccharides determining group specificity Lea, Leb, and H has been carried out. It is shown that these oligosaccharides are structurally rigid systems and in aqueous solution are present predominantly (statistical weight greater than 95%) in the only conformation.
Assuntos
Epitopos/análise , Antígenos do Grupo Sanguíneo de Lewis , Oligossacarídeos/análise , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação MolecularRESUMO
Theoretical conformational analysis of bi- and three-antennary carbohydrate chains of H-specific group substances has been carried out. It has been shown that O-glycosylating oligosaccharides can form compact Y-shaped structures with effective non-bonded interactions between the antennae residues.