Persistent High Rate of Positive Margins and Postoperative Complications After Surgery for cT4 Rectal Cancer at a National Level.

BACKGROUND: A more extensive resection is often required in locally advanced rectal cancer, depending on preoperative neoadjuvant treatment response. OBJECTIVE: Circumferential margin involvement and postoperative outcomes after total mesorectal excision and multivisceral resection were assessed in patients with clinical locally advanced (cT4) rectal cancer at a national level. DESIGN: This is a population-based study. SETTINGS: Data were retrieved from the Dutch Colorectal Audit. PATIENTS: A total of 2242 of 2881 patients with cT4 rectal cancer between January 2009 and December 2017 were selected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Main outcomes were resection margins, postoperative complications, and mortality. RESULTS: Multivisceral resection was performed in 936 of 2242 patients, of whom 629 underwent extended multivisceral resection. Positive circumferential margin rate was higher after multivisceral resection than after total mesorectal excision: 21.2% vs 13.9% (p < 0.001). More postoperative complications occurred after limited and extended multivisceral resections than after total mesorectal excision (44.1% and 53.8% vs 37.6%, p < 0.001). Incidence of 30-day mortality was similarly low in both groups (1.5% vs 2.2%, p = 0.20). Independent predictors of postoperative complications were age ≥70 years (OR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.04-1.56]; p = 0.02), male sex (OR, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.38-2.04]; p< 0.001), mucinous tumors (OR, 1.55 [95% CI, 1.06-2.27]; p = 0.02), extended multivisceral resection (OR, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.56-2.52]; p< 0.001), Hartmann procedure (OR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.07-1.90]; p = 0.02), and abdominoperineal resection (OR, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.25-1.96]; p < 0.001). LIMITATIONS: Data specifying the extent of multivisceral resections and Clavien Dindo I to II complications were not available. CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study revealed relatively high circumferential margin positivity and postoperative complication rates in patients with cT4 rectal cancer, especially after multivisceral resections, but low mortality rates. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B457. ALTA TASA PERSISTENTE DE MRGENES POSITIVOS Y COMPLICACIONES POSTOPERATORIAS DESPUS DE LA CIRUGA DE CNCER RECTAL CTA NIVEL NACIONAL: ANTECEDENTES:A menudo se requiere una resección más extensa en el cáncer de recto localmente avanzado, según la respuesta al tratamiento neoadyuvante preoperatorio.OBJETIVO:Se evaluó la afectación del margen circunferencial y los resultados postoperatorios después de la escisión mesorrectal total y la resección multivisceral en pacientes con cáncer rectal clínico localmente avanzado (cT4) a nivel nacional.DISEÑO:Este es un estudio poblacional.ENTORNO CLINICO:Los datos se recuperaron de la Auditoría colorrectal holandesa.PACIENTES:Se seleccionaron un total de 2242 de 2881 pacientes con cáncer de recto cT4 entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2017.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE VALORACION:Los principales resultados fueron los márgenes de resección, las complicaciones postoperatorias y la mortalidad.RESULTADOS:Se realizó resección multivisceral en 936 de 2242 pacientes, de los cuales 629 fueron sometidos a resección multivisceral extendida. La tasa de margen circunferencial positivo fue mayor después de la resección multivisceral que después de la escisión mesorrectal total: 21,2% versus a 13,9% (p <0,001). Se produjeron más complicaciones postoperatorias después de resecciones multiviscerales limitadas y extendidas en comparación con la escisión mesorrectal total (44,1% y 53,8% versus a 37,6%, p <0,001). La incidencia de mortalidad a 30 días fue igualmente baja en ambos grupos (1,5% versus a 2,2%, p = 0,20). Los predictores independientes de complicaciones posoperatorias fueron la edad ≥70 años (OR = 1,28, IC del 95% [1,04 a 1,56], p = 0,02), hombres (OR = 1,68, IC del 95% [1,38 a 2,04], p <0,001), tumores mucinosos (OR = 1,55, IC del 95% [1,06 a 2,27], p = 0,02), resección multivisceral extendida (OR = 1,98, IC del 95% [1,56 a 2,52], p <0,001), Hartmann (OR = 1,42, 95% Cl [1,07 a 1,90], p = 0,02) y resección abdominoperineal (OR 1,56, Cl 95% [1,25 a 1,96], p <0,001).LIMITACIONES:No se disponía de datos que especificaran el alcance de las resecciones multiviscerales y las complicaciones de Clavien Dindo I-II.CONCLUSIONES:Este estudio poblacional reveló tasas de complicaciones postoperatorias y positividad del margen circunferencial relativamente altas en pacientes con cáncer de recto cT4, especialmente después de resecciones multiviscerales, pero tasas de mortalidad bajas. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B457.

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Locally Advanced T4 Colon Cancer: A Nationwide Propensity-Score Matched Cohort Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) for locally advanced colon cancer (LACC) could potentially lead to tumor shrinkage, eradication of micrometastases, and prevention of tumor cell shedding during surgery. This retrospective study investigates the surgical and oncological outcomes of preoperative CT for LACC. METHODS: Using the Netherlands Cancer Registry, data of patients with stage II or III colon cancer, diagnosed between 2008 and 2016 was collected. A propensity score matching (PSM; 1:2) was performed and compared patients with clinical tumor (cT) 4 colon cancer who were treated with neoadjuvant CT to patients with cT4 colon cancer treated with adjuvant CT (Fig. 1). RESULTS: A total of 192 patients treated with neoadjuvant CT were compared to 1,954 patients that received adjuvant CT. After PSM, 149 patients in the neoadjuvant group were compared to 298 patients in the control group. No significant differences were found in baseline characteristics after PSM. After neoadjuvant CT, a significant response was observed in 13 (9%) patients with 5 (4%) patients showing a complete response. Complete resection margins (R0) were achieved in 77% in the neoadjuvant group versus 86% in the adjuvant treated group (p = 0.037). Significantly less tumor positive lymph nodes were found in the neoadjuvant group (median 0 vs. 2, p < 0.001). Major complication rates and 5-year overall survival did not differ between both groups (67-65%, p = 0.87). CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant CT seems safe and feasible with similar long-term survival compared to patients who are treated with adjuvant CT.