Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of liquid waste, press water and pond water, produced in the cassava flour industry, and of antitoxic sodium thiosulfate.

BACKGROUND: Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), a plant used as food and an ingredient in industry, contains cyanogenic glycosides. The cassava root contains wastewater, popularly known as manipueira, which is a toxic substance. Its ingestion by animals causes poisoning although they react positively to treatment with sodium thiosulfate. The present research evaluates the cytotoxicity and the mutagenicity of liquid waste produced in the process of industrialization of the bitter cassava, olho-junto variety. The liquid wastes are characterized as press water, which is obtained when the cassava roots are pressed; pond water, which is press water stored in impounded ponds; and a solution of sodium thiosulfate, pure and with other waste. RESULTS: The system tests comprised root meristematic cells of Allium cepa L. and bone marrow cells of Rattus norvegicus. Treatment with saline solution was cytotoxic for Allium cepa L. and significantly reduced cell division rate. Although no treatment was cytotoxic in any of the tests with rats, the thiosulfate solution was clastogenic for the chromosomal aberrations test. CONCLUSION: Since it is harmful to the genetic material submitted within the conditions of current research, sodium thiosulfate should only be used in emergency conditions in which the benefits exceed the risks.

Protocolo de atendimento à família em UTI adulto / Treatment protocols for adult intensive care unit for the family

A internação em UTI adulto implica processo de alteração do movimento natural da família, provocando nos familiares reações emocionais que precisam ser compreendidas e trabalhadas, do ponto de vista emocional, num contexto de crise. O Protocolo de Atendimento à Família em UTI Adulto é um instrumento que direciona este trabalho. A ferramenta descreve rotinas que visam a sistematizar processos. Essa sistematização é necessária, viável e facilita a operacionalização dos atendimentos prestados pelo Serviço de Psicologia Hospitalar, favorecendo as diretrizes de Qualidade, Ética, Bioética e Humanização, em comunhão com os processos que envolvem toda a equipe de saúde.(AU)

The adult Intensive Care Unit stay implies a process of changing the natural routine of the family, causing the family emotional reactions that need to be understood and worked in an emotional point of view, in times of crisis. The treatment protocols for the family in an adult Intensive Care Unit stay is an instrument that directs such work. The tool is a description of routines aimed to the systematization of the process. This classification is necessary, feasible and facilitates the operation of the care provided by the Department of Health Psychology, favoring the guidelines of Quality, Ethics, Bioethics and Humanization, in communion with the processes that involve the entire health care team.(AU)

Linfoma intravascular: relato de caso / Intravascular lymphoma: case report

O linfoma intravascular é forma rara e agressiva de linfoma não Hodgking, caracterizada por infiltração intravascular multissistêmica e consequente disfunção de múltiplos órgãos e sistemas (SDMOS). São descritos pouco mais de 300 casos em todo o mundo. Este relato descreve a evolução de paciente com insuficiência respiratória pós-biópsia de massa retroperitoneal e colecistectomia. Houve piora progressiva, choque refratário e disfunção de múltiplos órgãos. O linfoma não foi identificado à biópsia de imensa massa retroperitoneal, mas pela revisão da lâmina da colecistectomia, com as células tumorais apresentando características de linfoma encontradas dentro de um vaso da vesícula biliar. O estudo imuno-histoquimico revelou o diagnóstico de linfoma intravascular. Houve evolução para o óbito após ser tentado tratamento com metilpredinisolona e hidrocortisona, sem sucesso.(AU)

Intravascular lymphoma is a rare and aggressive form of non-hodgking characterized by multisystemic intravascular infiltration and consequent dysfunction of multiple organs and systems (DMOS). There are today, just over 300 cases reported in the world. Followed the progress of a patient with respiratory failure after biopsy of retroperitoneal mass + cholecystectomy. The patient developed progressively worsened, refractory shock and subsequent multiple organ dysfunction. Interestingly, the lymphoma was not identified in the biopsy of the huge retroperitoneal mass, but the review of the surgical blade, and the tumor cells with features of lymphoma found in a vessel of the gallbladder. Immunohistochemistry revealed intravascular lymphoma. Tried to treatment with methylprednisolone + hydrocortisone, unsuccessfully, with the evolution of patient to death.(AU)

Homocysteine activates calcium-mediated cell signaling mechanisms targeting the cytoskeleton in rat hippocampus.

Homocysteine is considered to be neurotoxic and a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the increasing evidences of excitotoxic mechanisms of homocysteine (Hcy), little is known about the action of Hcy on the cytoskeleton. In this context, the aim of the present work was to investigate the signaling pathways involved in the mechanism of action of Hcy on cytoskeletal phosphorylation in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats during development. Results showed that 100 microM Hcy increased the intermediate filament (IF) phosphorylation only in 17-day-old rat hippocampal slices without affecting the cerebral cortex from 9- to 29-day-old animals. Stimulation of (45)Ca(2+) uptake supported the involvement of NMDA receptors and voltage-dependent channels in extracellular Ca(2+) flux, as well as Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores through inositol-3-phosphate and ryanodine receptors. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying the Hcy effect on hippocampus cytoskeleton involved the participation of phospholipase C, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositol-3 kinase and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. The Hcy-induced IF hyperphosphorylation was also related to G(i) protein and inhibition of cAMP levels. These findings demonstrate that Hcy at a concentration described to induce neurotoxicity activates the IF-associated phosphorylating system during development in hippocampal slices of rats through different cell signaling mechanisms. These results probably suggest that hippocampal rather than cortical cytoskeleton is susceptible to neurotoxical concentrations of Hcy during development and this could be involved in the neural damage characteristic of mild homocystinuric patients.

Alkydic resin wastewaters treatment by fenton and photo-Fenton processes.

Advanced oxidation processes are an emerging option to treatment of the painting industry effluents. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the Fenton and photo-Fenton processes in chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC) and phenolic compounds removal from wastewaters generated during alkydic resins manufacture. The optimized treatment conditions are the following: pH 3.0, 15.15x10(-3)molL(-1) FeSO(4) and 0.30molL(-1) H(2)O(2) for a reaction time of 6h. photo-Fenton experiments were carried out in the presence of sunlight or artificial radiation and complementary additions of H(2)O(2) were made for all experiments. The best results were obtained with photo-Fenton process assisted with solar radiation, with reductions of 99.5 and 99.1% of COD and TOC levels, respectively. Fenton and photo-Fenton (with artificial irradiation) processes presented lower but not insignificant removals, within 60-80% reduction for both COD and TOC. In addition, an excellent removal (95%) of total phenols was obtained using photo-Fenton process assisted with artificial irradiation. This study demonstrated that the use of photo-Fenton process on alkydic resins wastewater treatment is very promising especially when solar light is used.