Gastroschisis prognostic score successfully identifies Brazilian newborns with high-risk gastroschisis.

BACKGROUND: The Gastroschisis Prognostic Score (GPS) stratifies patients as high or low risk based on the visual assessment of intestinal matting, atresia, perforation, or necrosis. Despite being a simple score, its applicability to low and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that GPS can predict outcomes in LMICs, by assessing the prognostic value of the GPS in a middle-income country. METHODS: This prospective study followed all newborns with gastroschisis in a Brazilian neonatal unit based in a public hospital from 2015-2019. Infants were stratified into low and high-risk cohorts based on the GPS. In addition to basic demographics, data collected included duration of parenteral nutrition (TPN), mechanical ventilation (MV), length of stay (LOS), suspicion of infection that led to the use of antibiotics, and mortality. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify which outcomes the GPS independently predicted. RESULTS: Sixty-one newborns with gastroschisis were treated during the study period. The mean birth weight, gestational age, and 5' Apgar score were 2258 g, 36 weeks, and 9. Twenty-four infants (39.3%) were identified as low-risk (GPS < 2) and 37 (60.7%) as high-risk (GPS > 2). The high-risk group presented with prolonged TPN use (p<0.001), MV (p<0.001), and LOS (p:0.002). GPS did not predict antibiotic therapy or mortality. CONCLUSION: In the first study in a middle-income country, the GPS predicted several important clinical outcomes. The GPS is a reliable tool for parental counseling and resource allocation in diverse settings. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.c (cohort prospective).

Escore prognóstico da Gastrosquise: impacto na evolução pós-operatória e na morbi-mortalidade. Estudo prospectivo. / Gastroschisis prognostic score: impact on postoperative evolution and morbidity and mortality. Prospective study

A gastrosquise é uma anomalia da parede abdominal que acarreta a exposição dos intestinos ao líquido amniótico. O diagnóstico pré-natal possibilita o planejamento da assistência perinatal em centro de referência. A nova classificação da gastrosquise leva em consideração também o grau da serosite associada, no intuito de avaliar o prognóstico dos recém-nascidos. Este estudo avaliou a evolução dos recém-nascidos com gastrosquise, no período de quatro anos, em um hospital universitário. OBJETIVOS: Descrever as características maternas e dos recém-nascidos com diagnóstico de gastrosquise e a evolução pós-operatória, conforme o escore prognóstico da gastrosquise (GPS) e a técnica cirúrgica empregada. Determinar os fatores associados ao tempo de permanência hospitalar. MÉTODO: Após obtenção da aprovação pelo Comitê de ética e pesquisa da UFMG, realizou-se o estudo prospectivo da evolução de 61 recém-nascidos com gastrosquise, no período de 2015 a 2019. Foram registradas as variáveis maternas, dos pacientes, do tratamento, das complicações, e da sobrevida. Foram feitas as análises estatísticas com vistas à investigação dos fatores associados à permanência hospitalar, considerando-se o GPS e o tipo de intervenção cirúrgica. RESULTADOS: Todas as mães fizeram ultrassonografia pré-natal para o diagnóstico da gastrosquise. 59 (96,7%) crianças nasceram no HC-UFMG, sendo o parto por cesariana em 53 (86,9%). 35 (57,4%) crianças nasceram com menos de 37 semanas de gestação. Quanto à classificação, 9 (14,7%) crianças eram portadoras de gastrosquise complexa; 24 (39,34%) tinham o GPS < 2 e 37 (60,65%) GPS ≥ 2. Em relação ao tratamento, 34 (55,7%) crianças tinham idade ≤ 4 horas de vida no momento da operação; e 17 (27,9%) foram submetidos à correção estadiada da gastrosquise. O tempo médio de NPT foi de 30 dias, e a ventilação mecânica (VM) foi necessário em média por 10 dias. A dieta enteral foi introduzida em média com 15 dias. A média de permanência hospitalar foi de 43 dias. Quanto às complicações, 42 (68,9%) apresentaram sepse, 30 (49,2%) íleo paralitico prolongado, 4 (6,6%) enterocolite necrotizante e 8 (13,1%) vieram a óbito. A análise estatística multivariada demonstrou que: o tratamento cirúrgico estadiado teve relação com o GPS ≥ 2, e com o tempo de VM ≥ 8 dias; a alta precoce (≤ 30 dias) esteve associada às seguintes variáveis: GPS < 2, introdução da dieta enteral até 10 dias de vida e ausência de sepse; crianças com GPS ≥ 2 tiveram maior chance de apresentar o íleo paralitico prolongado. CONCLUSÕES: O diagnóstico pré-natal possibilitou o tratamento cirúrgico precoce dos RN com gastrosquise. A classificação conforme o GPS ajuda na identificação dos pacientes que demandam cuidados intensivos mais prolongados. Pacientes com gastrosquise complexa ou com serosite intensa têm maior morbimortalidade. Essas informações são essenciais para a orientação adequada aos pais e auxiliam tanto no aprimoramento da logística hospitalar quanto na atualização dos protocolos de atendimento perinatal das crianças com gastrosquise.

Gastroschisis is a congenital abdominal wall anomaly that exposes intestinal loops to amniotic fluid. Prenatal diagnosis makes possible adequate reference of these cases to a reference center. A new gastroschisis classification considers too the level of the associated serositis in order to evaluate outcomes of these newborns. This study intends to follow up newborns with gastroschisis for 4 years at a teaching hospital. OBJETIVES: To describe maternal and newborns profile that had a prenatal diagnosis of gastroschisis. Besides, it is intended to describe outcomes in accordance to the Gastroschisis Prognosis Score (GPS) and to surgical technique performed. Finally, to determine associated characteristics that could have impaired hospital length of stay. METHOD: After ethical approved form UFMG ethical board, a prospective study was realized to evaluate 61 newborns with gastroschisis, accordingly to pre-stablished protocol from 2015 to 2019. Data bank was built to save data regarding the following variables: maternal, patient's profile, clinical-surgical treatment, complications and survival rates. Statistical analysis was done to find correlations between length of stay, GPS and modality of surgical intervention. RESULTS: Every mother has done prenatal ultrasonography. 59 (96,7%) of the children was born at HC-UFMG, c-section was the preferred modality in 53 (86,9%). 35 (57,4%) of the children was born within less 37 weeks of gestation and 9 (14,7%) had complex gastroschisis. Regarding GPS classification, 24 (39,34%) were classified into GPS <2 e 37 (60,65%) GPS ≥ 2. Considering the treatment variables, 34 (55,7%) children was ≤ 4 hours age in the moment of the operation; and 17 (27,9%) were submitted to staged repair. Average time of NPT need was 30 days and mechanical ventilation (VM) support was necessary in a mean of 10 days. Enteral feeding was introducing in 15 days, in average. Hospital length of stay ranged from 16 to 124 days, with a mean of 43 days. In view of complications, 42 (68,9%) patients had sepsis, 30 (49,2%) prolonged paralytics ileus, 4 (6,6%) necrotizing enterocolitis and 8 (13,1%) died. Multivariate statistical analysis demonstrated that: GPS ≥ 2 was correlated with surgical staged repair and lenght of VM ≥ 8 day; early discharge (≤ 30 days) was associated with the following indicators: GPS < 2, enteral feeding introducton within 10 days age and sepsis absence; children classified into GPS ≥ 2 had higher chances to present prolonged paralytics ileus. CONCLUSIONS: gastroschisis prenatal diagnosis provide early treatment of the newborns with this condition. GPS classification contributes to identify patients that will require prolonged neonatal intensive critical care. Patients with complex gastroschisis or high degree of serositis will face worse outcomes. This information is essential to provide adequate parenteral counseling and serve as guide to hospital logistics improvement and to Gastroschisis management protocols updates.

Pulmonary metastases in children: are we operating unnecessarily? / Metástases pulmonares em crianças: estamos operando desnecessariamente?

OBJECTIVE: to determine, in pediatric patients with malignant neoplasms, the characteristics of pulmonary nodules identified on computed tomography, as well as the possibility of differentiating benign lesions from metastases. METHODS: we conducted a retrospective study of patients submitted to pulmonary resections of nodules diagnosed as metastases in a period of seven years. We compared computed tomography and surgery findings, as well as results of anatomopathological examinations. RESULTS: we studied nine patients submitted to 11 surgical interventions. Among the studied variables, only nodule size greater than 12.5mm proved to be statistically significant to predict malignancy. CONCLUSION: among the tomographic characteristics of pulmonary nodules in children with malignant neoplasms, only the size of the lesion was a predictor of malignancy.

OBJETIVO: determinar, em pacientes pediátricos portadores de neoplasias malignas, as características de nódulos pulmonares identificados à tomografia computadorizada, capazes de diferenciar nódulos benignos de metástases. MÉTODOS: estudo retrospectivo de pacientes submetidos a ressecções pulmonares de nódulos diagnosticados como metástases em um período de sete anos. Achados de tomografia e da cirurgia, assim como resultados dos exames anatomopatológicos foram comparados. RESULTADOS: nove pacientes, submetidos a 11 intervenções cirúrgicas, foram estudados. Entre as variáveis estudadas, apenas o tamanho do nódulo, maior do que 12,5mm provou ser estatisticamente significante para predizer malignidade. CONCLUSÃO: esse estudo sugere que, entre as características tomográficas de nódulos pulmonares de crianças portadoras de neoplasias malignas, apenas o tamanho da lesão foi preditor de malignidade.

Metástases pulmonares em crianças: estamos operando desnecessariamente? / Pulmonary metastases in children: are we operating unnecessarily?

RESUMO Objetivo: determinar, em pacientes pediátricos portadores de neoplasias malignas, as características de nódulos pulmonares identificados à tomografia computadorizada, capazes de diferenciar nódulos benignos de metástases. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo de pacientes submetidos a ressecções pulmonares de nódulos diagnosticados como metástases em um período de sete anos. Achados de tomografia e da cirurgia, assim como resultados dos exames anatomopatológicos foram comparados. Resultados: nove pacientes, submetidos a 11 intervenções cirúrgicas, foram estudados. Entre as variáveis estudadas, apenas o tamanho do nódulo, maior do que 12,5mm provou ser estatisticamente significante para predizer malignidade. Conclusão: esse estudo sugere que, entre as características tomográficas de nódulos pulmonares de crianças portadoras de neoplasias malignas, apenas o tamanho da lesão foi preditor de malignidade.

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine, in pediatric patients with malignant neoplasms, the characteristics of pulmonary nodules identified on computed tomography, as well as the possibility of differentiating benign lesions from metastases. Methods: we conducted a retrospective study of patients submitted to pulmonary resections of nodules diagnosed as metastases in a period of seven years. We compared computed tomography and surgery findings, as well as results of anatomopathological examinations. Results: we studied nine patients submitted to 11 surgical interventions. Among the studied variables, only nodule size greater than 12.5mm proved to be statistically significant to predict malignancy. Conclusion: among the tomographic characteristics of pulmonary nodules in children with malignant neoplasms, only the size of the lesion was a predictor of malignancy.