Fracture strength and hybrid layer formation of endodontically-treated teeth after dental bleaching photoactivated with violet LED.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate in vitro the effect of dental bleaching using high concentration hydrogen peroxide (HP) photoactivated with violet LED on fracture strength and hybrid layer formation. METHODS: forty endodontically-treated bovine teeth were randomized into four groups (n = 10): C - Control, HP - 35% hydrogen peroxide, HP-BL - 35% hydrogen peroxide photoactivated with blue LED, HP-VL - 35% hydrogen peroxide photoactivated with violet LED. Three bleaching sessions with an interval of 7 days between them were performed. After 10 days of the last bleaching session, the dental crowns were restored and submitted to the fracture strength test. Five specimens from each group were used to evaluate the hybrid layer formation by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used for parametric and non-parametric data, respectively. Significance level of 5% was adopted to all the tests. RESULTS: No differences on fracture strength among the groups were observed (p > 0.05). HP and HP-BL showed alterations on hybrid layer formation compared to C group (p < 0.05), but not for HP-VL (p > 0.05). No differences on hybrid layer formation were observed among HP, HP-VL and HP-BL groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Dental bleaching, photoactivated or not, did not affect the fracture strength of endodontically-treated teeth. Regardless of the protocol used, hydrogen peroxide altered the hybrid layer formation at some level when the restoration was placed after 10 days of the last bleaching session.

Effect of cleaning protocols on bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive system to dentin.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the cleaning protocol of dentin impregnated with epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) and the effects on the adhesive interface using 95% ethanol (E) or formamide solution (F) associated with microabrasion with glass microparticles (M). METHODOLOGY: Forty dentin specimens were impregnated with sealer (AH Plus). Specimens were cleansed according to the following protocols (n = 10): G1 (E); G2 (F); G3 (E = M); and G4 (F = M). No treatment was performed in G5 (control). Specimens were subjected to standard error of the mean to evaluate the residues persistence (×500) and open dentinal tubules counting (×2000). Another fifty specimens were subjected to similar procedures and cleaning protocols. Seven days later, composite-resin-made specimens were performed on dentin using etch-and-rinse adhesive system, then submitted to microshear test. RESULTS: G2 and G4 showed higher residues' persistence and lower incidence of open dentinal tubules than G1 and G3 (P < 0.05). No difference was found between G1 and G3 or G2 and G4 (P > 0.05). Adhesive system bond strength was similar in all groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Microabrasion negatively affected the epoxy resin-based sealer residues' removal protocols' action; all groups presented residues on the dentin surface. However, 7 days later, the protocols did not affect the bond strength of adhesive system to sealer-impregnated dentin.

Effect of the calcium silicate-based sealer removal protocols and time-point of acid etching on the dentin adhesive interface.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects when acid etching on the dentin surface was immediately performed (I) or 7 days (D) after calcium silicate-based sealer (MTA Fillapex) removal, using 95% ethanol (E) or xylol (X). First study, 60 bovine incisor dentin specimens were impregnated with sealer and divided into six groups (n = 10): (EI), E + I; (XI), X + I; (ED), E + D; (XD), X + D, (UN), untreated and (MR), mechanical removal of sealer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images (500×) were obtained from each specimen and scores assessed the sealer residues persistence. Second study, 60 specimens were similarly treated; however, the specimens were restored with composite resin after the removal protocols. Hybrid layer formation was evaluated using confocal laser microscopy (1,024×). Third study, 60 specimens were similarly obtained and subjected to micro-shear test to evaluate the effects of removal protocols on the bond strength of etch-and- rinse adhesive system to dentin. XI showed the highest persistence of sealer residues (p < .05), similar to MR (p > .05). EI showed the greatest hybrid layer extension, except in relation to UN (p < .05). XI and MR presented the lowest bond strength adhesive system to dentin (p < .05). Acid etching immediately after calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer removal using xylol presented the highest residues persistence and negatively affected the adhesive interface between dentin and etch-and-rinse adhesive system.

The effects of chlorhexidine and ethanol on push-out bond strength of fiber posts.

CONTEXT: Irrigation of root canals with chlorhexidine (CHX) and ethanol is common practice to prevent root canal infection during postplacement. However, pretreatment with these solvents may interfere with the bond strength of posts. AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate if root dentin pretreatment using CHX and/or ethanol influences the push-out bond strength of fiber-reinforced composite resin (FRCR) posts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty space posts prepared in endodontically treated extracted human canine roots were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10) according to the dentin pretreatment: Distilled water (W); 1% CHX diacetate solution (1C); CHX diacetate + 99% ethanol (1CE); 99% ethanol (E); and 2% CHX digluconate solution (2C). After pretreatment, the adhesive system (Peak Universal Bond; Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA) was applied in the root dentin and the FRCR was cemented with resin cement. Then, horizontal slices of 2 mm were obtained from each root third and the push-out bond strength was assessed. Statistical analysis was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's tests (P = 0.05). RESULTS: At all thirds, 1CE and E groups presented similar push-out bond strength values (P > 0.05), which were higher than the other groups (P < 0.05). W, 1C, and 2C groups were similar (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The root dentin pretreatment with ethanol, alone or mixed with CHX diacetate increased the bond strength of FRCR luted with resin cement.

Ethanol is inefficient to remove endodontic sealer residues of dentinal surface

Introduction: Endodontic sealer residues on dentinal surface have negative effects on adhesion of adhesives system and/or can cause discoloration of the dental crown. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of 95% ethanol in removal of residues of epoxy-based (AH Plus), methacrylate-based (Epiphany SE) or calcium-based (Sealapex) sealers on dentinal surface. Material and methods: Thirty-two bovine incisor dental crown fragments (0.5 mm x 0.5 mm) were treated with 17% EDTA and 2.5% NaOCl. The specimens were divided into three experimental groups (n = 10): G1 (AH Plus), G2 (Epiphany SE) and G3 (Sealapex). In each group was applied a coating of one endodontic sealer type and were left undisturbed for 5 minutes. After this period, the specimens were cleaned with 95% ethanol. The control group was composed by two specimens that did not receive any sealer or cleaning treatment. The sealer residues persistence after cleaning with 95% ethanol was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (x500) and a score system was applied. Data obtained were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 5%). Results: Moderate amount of endodontic sealer residues were observed in all groups, regardless of the endodontic sealer compositions. G1, G2 and G3 presented similar amount of sealer residues on dentinal surface after cleaning with 95% ethanol (p > 0.05). Conclusion: 95% ethanol was inefficiency to remove completely AH Plus, Epiphany SE and Sealapex residues of sealer-contaminated dentin.

Efeito do pré-tratamento da dentina radicular com clorexidina e etanol na retenção de pinos de fibra de vidro cimentados com cimento resinoso / Effect of radicular dentine pretreatment with chlorhexidine and ethanol upon the retention of fiber posts luted with resin cement

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio de ensaio push-out, a resistência de união de pinos de fibra de vidro cimentados com cimento resinoso empregando-se diferentes protocolos de tratamento da dentina, com clorexidina e etanol. Cinqüenta dentes caninos humanos extraídos por motivos periodontais, tratados endodonticamente tiveram suas raízes preparadas para receber pino de fibra de vidro. As raízes foram aleatoriamente divididas em cinco grupos (n=10), de acordo com o tratamento da dentina condicionada: Grupo 1 (controle): água destilada; Grupo 2: solução aquosa de diacetato de clorexidina a 1% ; Grupo 3: solução alcoólica de diacetato de clorexidina a 1%; Grupo 4: etanol a 99% e Grupo 5: solução de digluconato de clorexidina 2%. Após o tratamento da dentina condicionada, aplicou-se o sistema adesivo e pino de fibra foi cimentado com cimento resinoso. Todos os espécimes foram armazenados em água destilada por 24 h. Após este tempo, foram obtidas secções horizontais de cada um dos terços da raiz e o teste push-out foi realizado para avaliação da resistência de união. Os resultados foram obtidos (em MPa) e os dados analisados com ANOVA e teste de Tukey (P < 0,05). Os padrões de falha foram classificados em adesiva, coesiva ou mista. Em todos os terços, G3 e G4 apresentaram valores médios de resistência de união similares, mas maior que os outros grupos. G1, G2 e G5 foram semelhantes entre si. Independentemente dos terços da raiz, G3 e G4 exibiram mais incidência de falhas mista. O tratamento da dentina radicular com etanol, isolado ou associado com diacetato de clorexidina a 1% aumentou a resistência de união do pino de fibra cimentado com cimento resinoso, em comparação com o tratamento da dentina radicular com água destilada ou diacetato de clorexidina a 1% ou 2%, em curto prazo

The aim of this study was to evaluate if radicular dentine pretreatment with various protocols using chlorhexidine and/or ethanol improves the push-out bond strength of fiber posts luted with resin cement. A total of 50 space post prepared in endodontically-treated extracted human canine roots were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10), according to dentine pretreatment: Group 1 (control): distilled water; Group 2: 1% chlorhexidine diacetate solution; Group 3: chlorhexidine diacetate + 99% ethanol; Group 4: 99% ethanol, and Group 5: 2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution . After pretreatment, an adhesive system was applied into radicular dentine and fiber post was luted with resin cement. All specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 h. After this time, horizontal slices were obtained from each root thirds and push-out bond strength was assessment. The results were obtained (in MPa) and data analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey tests (P = 0.05). Failure modes were classified in adhesive, cohesive or mixed. At all thirds, G3 and G4 presented similar push-out bond strength values (P > 0.05), but higher than other groups (P < 0.05). G1, G2 and G5 were similar (P > 0.05). Regardless the root thirds, G3 and G4 exhibited more mixed failures incidence. The radicular dentine pretreatment with ethanol, alone or associated with chlorhexidine diacetate increased the bond strength of fiber post luted with resin cement, in comparison to radicular dentine pretreatment with distilled water, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution or 1% chlorhexidine diacetate solution, independently of root thirds, when evaluated in short-time

Accuracy of digital images in the detection of marginal microleakage: an in vitro study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of Image Tool Software 3.0 (ITS 3.0) to detect marginal microleakage using the stereomicroscope as the validation criterion and ITS 3.0 as the tool under study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Class V cavities were prepared at the cementoenamel junction of 61 bovine incisors, and 53 halves of them were used. Using the stereomicroscope, microleakage was classified dichotomously: presence or absence. Next, ITS 3.0 was used to obtain measurements of the microleakage, so that 0.75 was taken as the cut-off point, and values equal to or greater than 0.75 indicated its presence, while values between 0.00 and 0.75 indicated its absence. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated by point and given as 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS: The accuracy of the ITS 3.0 was verified with a sensitivity of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.89 to 1.00) and a specificity of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.84 to 0.99). CONCLUSION: Digital diagnosis of marginal microleakage using ITS 3.0 was sensitive and specific.