RESUMO
Rice tungro disease is caused by the combined action of Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). The RTBV is involved in the development of symptoms while RTSV is essential for virus transmission. We attempted to study the mode of action of RTBV in the development of symptoms. The tungro disease symptoms were attributed to viral interference in chlorophyll and carotenoids biosynthesis, photosynthesis machinery, iron/zinc homeostasis, and the genes encoding the enzymes associated with these biological processes of rice. The adverse effects of virus infection in photosystem II (PSII) activity was demonstrated by analyzing the Fv/Fm ratio, expression of psbA and cab1R genes, and direct interaction of RTBV ORF I protein with the D1 protein of rice. Since ORF I function is not yet known in the RTBV life cycle, this is the first report showing its involvement in regulating host photosynthesis process and symptoms development.
Assuntos
Homeostase/genética , Insetos Vetores/virologia , Oryza/virologia , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema II/metabolismo , Doenças das Plantas/virologia , Tungrovirus/fisiologia , Proteínas Virais/metabolismo , Animais , Meios de Cultura/química , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Ferro/química , Ferro/metabolismo , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Complexo de Proteína do Fotossistema II/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Ligação Proteica , Tungrovirus/genética , Proteínas Virais/genética , Waikavirus/fisiologia , Zinco/química , Zinco/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Antiasthmatic medications such as ß2 agonists and corticosteroids have shown potential side effects such as increased caries risk and oral candidiasis. Studies evaluating microbial changes in adult asthmatics are very scanty in the literature. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of asthma and its medication on cariogenic bacteria and Candida albicans in adult asthmatics. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to evaluate and compare counts of Streptococcus mutans (SM) and lactobacilli in plaque and C. albicans in saliva samples of adult asthmatics with controls and during the course of medication longitudinally. METHODOLOGY: Samples were collected from twenty recently diagnosed asthmatic adults and twenty controls for estimation of microbial counts at baseline and at 3rd and 6th month after initiation of medication among cases. RESULTS: Asthmatics at baseline had higher microbial counts than controls, but the difference was not statistically significant. Comparison between asthmatics at baseline and 3rd month after initiation of medication showed an increase in counts of SM, lactobacilli and decreased C. albicans counts though the difference was not significant. Comparison between asthmatics at baseline and 6th month and also between 3rd and 6th month showed significantly increased counts of SM. Although there was an increase in counts of lactobacilli and decreased C. albicans counts, significant results were not noted. Asthmatics showed increased microbial counts than controls overall. CONCLUSION: Asthmatics were found to have higher microbial counts than controls at baseline. Increase in SM and lactobacilli counts in asthmatics after medication emphasizes the need to monitor these patients regularly.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airways. The disease itself along with the principal medication used makes the oral cavity susceptible to most common opportunistic infection, i.e., oral candidiasis. There are many species of Candida causing oral candidiasis, but the most prevalent among them is Candida albicans. Hence, assessing C. albicans count in response to disease and its treatment is necessary. This enables us to educate asthma patients about side effects of medication and highlight the necessity for oral health care, thereby improving their quality of life. AIMS: The present study aims to evaluate the effects of asthma and its medication on C. albicans count in saliva samples of asthmatic adult patients taking medication for 3-5 years and compare C. albicans count in saliva samples among cases and controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty asthmatic adults taking medication for asthma since 3-5 years' age ranging from 20 to 50 years and equal number of age- and sex-matched healthy participants were included in the study. In both groups, saliva was collected and inoculated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar culture plates for estimation of C. albicans counts. C. albicans counts were assessed in colony-forming unit/milliliter. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Mann-Whitney U-test and Fisher's exact t-test were used. RESULTS: The C. albicans count is significantly higher among asthmatics than healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS: The present study concludes that there is increased candidal growth among asthmatics as compared to their normal healthy counterpart.
RESUMO
A case of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, with widespread dissemination to both lungs and miliary mottling on chest X-ray is reported in a 40 year old male.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma Bronquioloalveolar/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Miliar/diagnóstico , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
A case of Hodgkin's disease who was found to have a hypoplastic lung on investigation is presented here. This co-incidence has not been reported earlier in the literature.
