Pharmacological properties of the ethanol extract of Muehlenbeckia platyclada (F. Muell.) meisn. leaves.

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the Muehlenbeckia platyclada leaves' ethanol extract were investigated in animal models. The extract (p.o.) reduced the number of abdominal contortions induced by acetic acid by 21.57% (400 mg/kg). After intraplantar injection of formalin, a dose of 400 mg/kg (p.o.) inhibited the time spent paw licking in the first phase (26.43%), while the second phase was inhibited by 10.90 and 36.65% at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The extract (p.o.) increased the reaction time on a hot plate at a dose of 400 mg/kg (32.68 and 40.30%) after 60 and 90 minutes of treatment, respectively. The paw edema was reduced by extract (p.o.) at doses of 100 (15.46 and 16.67%), 200 (22.68 and 25.64%) and 400 mg/kg (29.50 and 37.33%) after 3 to 4 h of carrageenan application, respectively. Doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.), administered 4 h after the carrageenan injection, reduced the exudate volume (11.28, 21.54 and 45.13%), while leukocyte migration was reduced by 21.21 and 29.70% at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. These results indicate that the ethanol extract from M. platyclada may constitute a potential target for the discovery of new molecules with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities that can be explored for their therapeutic use.

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaves in animal models.

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract from Annona muricata L. leaves were investigated in animal models. The extract delivered per oral route (p.o.) reduced the number of abdominal contortions by 14.42% (at a dose of 200 mg/kg) and 41.41% (400 mg/kg). Doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o) inhibited both phases of the time paw licking: first phase (23.67% and 45.02%) and the second phase (30.09% and 50.02%), respectively. The extract (p.o.) increased the reaction time on a hot plate at doses of 200 (30.77% and 37.04%) and 400 mg/kg (82.61% and 96.30%) after 60 and 90 minutes of treatment, respectively. The paw edema was reduced by the ethanol extract (p.o.) at doses of 200 (23.16% and 29.33%) and 400 mg/kg (29.50% and 37.33%) after 3 to 4 h of application of carrageenan, respectively. Doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.), administered 4 h before the carrageenan injection, reduced the exudate volume (29.25 and 45.74%) and leukocyte migration (18.19 and 27.95%) significantly. These results suggest that A. muricata can be an active source of substances with antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.

Uso etnomedicinal do chá de Morus nigra L. no tratamento dos sintomas do climatério de mulheres de Muriaé, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Ethnomedicinal use of tea from Morus nigra L. in the treatment of the climacteric symptoms in women from Muriaé, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Morus nigra L. (Moraceae), conhecida como amoreira, é usada popularmente, entre outros fins medicinais, para reposição hormonal. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o uso etnomedicinal do chá das folhas de M. nigra no tratamento dos sintomas do climatério. A pesquisa se baseou na aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado em mulheres residentes em Muriaé ? MG, que utilizavam chá de amoreira. A análise quantitativa foi determinada pela concordância de uso popular corrigida (CUPc). As características das mulheres entrevistadas foram: faixa etária entre 32 e 61 anos, cinco donas de casa, oito católicas, quatro com ensino fundamental incompleto e cinco haviam tido menopausa. Além de outros fins medicinais, nove das mulheres usavam o chá de amoreira para amenizar sintomas do climatério, resultando em uma CUPc de 90%. As amigas e os médicos foram as principais fontes de recomendação do uso do chá nas formas de infusão ou de decocção, com variação de dosagem e de aprazamento. Gases, aumento do apetite e diurese foram os efeitos adversos relatados, sendo que quatro das mulheres já tinham feito terapia hormonal para alívio dos sintomas do climatério. Os resultados confirmam a utilização do chá de M. nigra no tratamento de sintomas do climatério, apresentando um alto consenso de informação.

Morus nigra L. (Moraceae), known as mulberry, is used in folk medicine, including hormone replacement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ethnomedicinal use of the tea of the leaves of M. nigra in the treatment of climacteric symptoms. The research was based on the application of a semi-structured questionnaire in women from city of Muriaé, Minas Gerais state, Brazil, which reported the use of the tea from mulberry. The quantitative analysis was based on the corrected popular use concordance (cPUC). The characteristics of the interviewed women were: aged 32 to 61 years, 5 housewives, 8 catholic, 4 with incomplete primary education, and 5 have had menopause. In addition to other medical purposes, 9 of the women used the mulberry tea to alleviate symptoms of menopause, resulting in a cPUC of 90%. The main recommendation of use was made by friends (6) and physicians (2), under infusion (7) or decoction (3) forms, with a range of dosing and administration. Gases, increased appetite and urine output were the adverse effects reported, and 4 of women had already used hormonal therapy to relieve the symptoms of menopause. The results confirm the use of tea from M. nigra in the treatment of climacteric symptoms, with high consensus information.