Decarboxylation of oxidized single-wall carbon nanotubes.

A classical protocol widely used in organic chemistry of aromatic and polyaromatic molecules has been successfully applied in this work for the decarboxylation of oxidized single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) to rend C-H SWNT derivatives. SWNT produced by arc discharge method have been oxidized during a purification process using strongly oxidant agents, such as hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid. The decarboxylation of oxidized SWNT has been conduced with copper(I) oxide in a 50:50 solution of N-methylpyrrolidone and quinoline. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and acid-base potentiometric titration analyses were carried out to characterize quali and quantitatively the changes in the chemical environment on the SWNT surface in each step of the purification and the decarboxylation process. Those techniques showed the appearance of mainly carboxylic and phenolic groups after the purification process and the disappearance of the carboxylic groups after the decarboxylation reaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated also the formation of aliphatic and aromatic C-H groups. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and potentiometric titration results determined an efficiency higher than 90% for our decarboxylation procedure. The purity and structural quality of the SWNT sample used in the decarboxylation process were evaluated by thermogravimetry and Raman spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis identified a purified sample with approximately 80 wt% of SWNT, in fractions distributed in highly structured SWNTs (25 wt%), with distribution in composition, length and structural quality (35 wt%) and with very defective and short tubes (25 wt%). The damages on the purified SWNT walls were characterized by the Raman scattering analysis.

Constituents from aerial parts of Wedelia paludosa.

Tetrachyrin (1), 3alpha-tigloyloxykaur-16-en-19-oic acid (2) and 3alpha-cinnamoyloxykaur-16-en-19-oic acid (3) have been isolated from the ethanol extract of Wedelia paludosa aerial parts.

Biotransformation of methyl ent-17-hydroxy-16beta-kauran-19-oate by Rhizopus stolonifer.

Methyl ent-17-hydroxy-16beta-kauran-19-oate was fed to a 2-day-old culture of the fungus Rhizopus stolonifer, fermenting at room temperature (25 degrees C) in an orbital shaker (21). After 11 days, both broth and mycelia were extracted with ethyl acetate. Two novel compounds were isolated from this experiment: methyl ent-9alpha,17-dihydroxy-16beta-kauran-19-oate and methyl ent-7alpha,17-dihydroxy-16beta-kauran-19-oate. Their structures were fully confirmed by spectroscopic methods.