O que podemos aprender com os Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso de graduação em Odontologia? Um estudo bibliométrico / What can we learn from Undergratuate Final Project in Dental Schools? A bibliometric study

Buscou-se analisar a produção científica do curso de graduação em Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, por meio do levantamento dos Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso realizados nos primeiros seis anos de implantação do novo currículo. Realizou-se análise bibliométrica dos trabalhos defendidos até 2016 e disponíveis no website da biblioteca universitária. Coletaram-se as variáveis: ano de publicação, áreas de pesquisa, formato da publicação, tipo de trabalho, abordagem, método, objetivo, coleta dos dados, cenários de pesquisa e submissão a Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa. Foi procedida análise descritiva dos 413 trabalhos levantados, sendo em média, 68,83 trabalhos defendidos por ano. Do total, 63,68% foram categorizadas na área de "especialidades odontológicas", destacando-se a dentística restauradora com 23%. A área de Saúde Bucal Coletiva e afins representou 13% e as "ciências básicas" 3%. Um total de 84,75% dos TCC foram realizados no formato de monografia e 63,20% como "pesquisa científica". Destes, 92,34% foram de abordagem quantitativa, 65,90% com método observacional, 61% com objetivo descritivo, 70,75% com dados coletados de forma transversal, 67% submetidos a Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa, e 44,20% desenvolvidos em "serviços públicos". Considera-se que o perfil da produção científica ainda segue o modelo tradicional de Odontologia, coerente com sua histórica formação clínico-cirúrgico-tecnicista, a despeito das mudanças preconizadas pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. Sugere-se um planejamento desta produção científica voltada a uma formação condizente com as necessidades em saúde bucal da maioria da população brasileira (AU).

The aim of thisstudy wasto analyze the scientific production of the undergraduate course in Dentistry at UFSC, by means of a survey of the Final Projects carried out in the first six years of implementation of the new curriculum. A bibliometric analysis of the works defended until 2016 and available on the university library website. The following data were collected: year of publication, research areas, publication format, type of work, approach, method, objective, data collection, research scenarios and submission to Research Ethics Committees. A descriptive analysis was carried out of the 413 papers surveyed, with an average of 68.83 works defended per year. Of the total, 63.68% were categorized in the area of "Dental Specialties", highlighting restorative dentistry with 23%. The area of Oral and Collective Health represented 13% and basic sciences 3%. A total of 84.75% of the Final Reports were performed in the monograph format and 63.20% as "Scientific Research". Of these, 92.34% were of a quantitative approach, 65.90% with observational method, 61% with descriptive purpose, 70.75% with cross-sectional data, 44.20% developed in "Public Services" and 67% submitted to Research Ethics Committees. It is considered that the profile of scientific production still follows the traditional model of Dentistry, consistent with its historical clinicalsurgical-technicist formation, in spite of the changes advocated by the National Curricular Guidelines. It is suggested a planning of this scientific production aimed at a training compatible with the oral health needs of the majority of the Brazilian population (AU).

Challenges of utilizing healthy fats in foods.

Over the past few decades, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans has consistently recommended that consumers decrease consumption of saturated fatty acids due to the correlation of saturated fatty acid intake with coronary artery disease. This recommendation has not been easy to achieve because saturated fatty acids play an important role in the quality, shelf life, and acceptability of foods. This is because solid fats are critical to producing desirable textures (e.g., creaminess, lubrication, and melt-away properties) and are important in the structure of foods such as frozen desserts, baked goods, and confectionary products. In addition, replacement of saturated fats with unsaturated fats is limited by their susceptibility to oxidative rancidity, which decreases product shelf life, causes destruction of vitamins, and forms potentially toxic compounds. This article will discuss the fundamental chemical and physical properties in fats and how these properties affect food texture, structure, flavor, and susceptibility to degradation. The current sources of solid fats will be reviewed and potential replacements for solid fats will be discussed.

Prognostication of OCT4 isoform expression in prostate cancer.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) refer to a subset of tumor cells that self-renew and affect tumor heterogeneity. This model has attracted considerable interest in recent years due to its implications in the prognosis and clinical management of cancer because CSCs mediate the occurrence, growth, and recurrence of tumors. OCT4 is central to embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation into specific lineages and encodes two chief isoforms that are generated by alternative splicing--OCT4A and OCT4B. Their function in prostate cancer (PCa) is unknown. The prognostic function of OCT4 isoforms in PCa samples was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and sensitivity and specificity of the antibodies used were evaluated by molecular biology techniques. Biochemical and pathological data and specimens from 193 patients with PCa were evaluated retrospectively. IHC, western blot, immunofluorescence, and automated image analysis were also performed. IHC was performed on a tissue microarray, and western blot and immunofluorescence were performed using the PCa cell line DU-145. IHC expression of OCT4 isoforms correlated with biochemical and pathological parameters, particularly biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS). Patients with higher levels of OCT4B had lower Gleason scores and decreased likelihood of experiencing biochemical recurrence (BR). OCT4A(+) OCT4B(-) patients had the shortest BCRFS, and positivity for OCT4B expression was an independent prognostic factor for BCRFS in the multivariate analysis. We conclude that the expression of OCT4B is a strong marker of good prognosis, and its presence is associated with a decreased likelihood of BR. Thus, OCT4B might represent a powerful clinical prognostic biomarker for PCa patients.

Prognostication of prostate cancer based on TOP2A protein and gene assessment: TOP2A in prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: TOP2A encodes for topoisomerase IIα, a nuclear enzyme that controls DNA topological structure and cell cycle progression. This enzyme is a marker of cell proliferation in normal and neoplastic tissues; however, little information is available about its expression in prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was automated using mouse monoclonal antibody against TOP2A (clone SWT3D1; DAKO, Carpenteria, CA, USA) at dilution 1:800 and Flex Plus detection system in autostainer 48Ultra (DAKO). FISH was performed using TOP2A (17q21)/ CEP17 probe kit (Kreateck Biotechnology, San Diego, CA, USA). Biochemical and pathological data from 193 patients with PCa were retrieved for the analysis, whose significance was considered when p < 0.05. Also, fractal analysis was performed in a subset of 20 randomly selected cases. RESULTS: TOP2A protein expression correlated with higher Gleason scores and higher levels of preoperative PSA (p = 0.018 and p = 0.011). Patients with higher levels of TOP2A presented shorter biochemical recurrence-free survival (BRFS) (p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, we found that TOP2A remained an independent prognostic factor of BRFS, with a relative risk of 1.98 (p = 0.001; 95% CI, 1.338-2.93); thus, cases that expressed high levels of this enzyme had a shorter BRFS compared with TOP2A-negative or TOP2A-low cases. No alterations in TOP2A gene status nor correlation between FISH and IHC results were observed. Concerning fractal analysis, patients who expressed higher levels of TOP2A have angiolymphatic invasion and presented higher Gleason scores (p = 0.033 and p = 0.025, respectively). Also, patients with higher expression of TOP2A presented shorter BRFS (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to perform TOP2A protein and gene digital assessment and fractal analysis in association with BRFS in a large series of PCa. Also, we show that TOP2A gene copy number alterations are not observed in this type of tumor. So, higher protein expression of TOP2A is not related to gene amplification in PCa. Furthermore, TOP2A protein assessment has prognostic importance and, due to its relation with poor outcome, TOP2A IHC evaluation in the biopsy can represent an important tool for selecting the most suitable surgical and clinical approach for patients with PCa.

Importância do cariótipo em leucemia linfocítica crônica: relato de 18 casos / Importance of karyotype in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: report of 18 cases

INTRODUÇAO: A leucemia linfocítica crônica (LLC) é doença neoplásica caracterizada pelo acúmulo de linfócitos B maduros CD 5, CD 19 e CD 23 positivos. Alterações cromossômicas têm sido descritas pela citogenética clássica em 30 por cento a 50 por cento dos casos de LLC. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente trabalho é demonstrar as alterações de cariótipo observadas em pacientes com LLC em nosso meio. PROCEDIMENTOS: Foram selecionados 18 casos de nosso arquivo, avaliados no período de quatro anos, com LLC diagnosticada com base nos achados morfológicos e imunofenotípicos. Havia 13 homens e cinco mulheres, uma relação de 2,6:1, com mediana de 63 anos. RESULTADOS: Foram detectadas alterações de cariótipo em 39 por cento dos casos (7/18). CONCLUSÕES: O cariótipo permitiu a identificação de diferentes clones em um grupo homogêneo de LLC sob os pontos de vista morfológico e imunofenotípico, demonstrando que as alterações genéticas são indicativas de comportamento biológico diferente.