Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 517 adults from Spain (Barcelona).

This study is composed of 517 adult voluntary participants, from Barcelona and its surroundings, all of whom are from Spain, Barcelona, and Catalonia. The study builds on a previously published report for a smaller sample (N = 250; see Alvarez, Baeza, Campo, Garcia, Guardia, et al., 1993) and is the result of collaboration between students and professors at the Barcelona Rorschach School (Catalan Rorschach Society). Our aim is to offer local data that should help to understand possible differences with existing reference data for the Rorschach Comprehensive System (CS; Exner, 2005), which is the system that has been taught at this school since 1978. Inclusion and exclusion criteria are described and interrater reliability statistics at the response level are presented, along with scores for the CS, followed by a discussion and very brief comparison with other international reference samples.

Retinal detachment in eyes undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for removal of retained lens fragments.

PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence and outcomes of retinal detachment (RD) associated with retained lens fragments removed by pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). DESIGN: Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional consecutive case series. PARTICIPANTS: All patients who underwent PPV for retained lens material after cataract surgery at Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2001. METHODS: Demographic and clinical data were extracted from patients' medical records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of retinal detachment, reattachment rate, and visual acuity outcome. RESULTS: RD occurred in 44 of 343 (12.8%) patients, including 25 (7.3%) before or during PPV and 19 (5.5%) after PPV. The RD was macula-on in 22 of 44 (50%) patients and macula-off in 22 of 44 (50%) patients. The RD was associated with a giant retinal tear in 7 of 44 (15.9%) patients, limited suprachoroidal hemorrhage in 3 of 44 (6.8%) patients, and endophthalmitis in 4 of 44 (9.1%) patients. Retinal reattachment was achieved in 40 of 44 (90.9%) patients; 14 of 44 (31.8%) patients underwent one or more additional procedures for recurrent detachment. Final visual acuity in the patients in this series was >/=20/40 in 8 of 44 (18%), 20/50 to 20/100 in 13 of 44 (30%), 20/200 to 5/200 in 13 of 44 (30%), and <5/200 in 10 of 44 (23%). In the 36 patients with vision less than 20/40, the primary causes of decreased vision were attributed to prior history of RD in 8 of 36 (22.2%), corneal edema in 7 of 36 (19.4%), cystoid macular edema in 5 of 36 (13.9%), persistent retinal detachment in 4/36 (11.1%), preexisting primary open-angle glaucoma in 4 of 36 (11.1%), age-related macular degeneration in 3 of 36 (8.3%), epiretinal membrane in 2 of 36 (5.5%), macular hole in 1 of 36 (2.7%), optic atrophy in 1 of 36 (2.7%), and irregular astigmatism in 1 of 36 (2.7%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: RD is a frequent complication in eyes undergoing PPV for removal of retained lens fragments. Despite favorable retinal reattachment rates, visual acuity outcomes are often poor in these eyes and are associated with other comorbidities such as corneal edema and cystoid macular edema. Poor initial visual acuity and the presence of a retinal tear at the time of PPV were associated with a higher rate of RD after PPV.