Analgesia perioperatoria mediante bloqueo del plano erector espinal en implante de asistencia ventricular izquierda / Perioperative analgesia by erector spinae plane block in left ventricular assist implant

Los dispositivos de asistencia ventricular izquierda se han convertido en los últimos años en un elemento importante para el manejo del fallo ventricular izquierdo refractario a tratamiento farmacológico. Su implantación (realizada mediante toracotomía izquierda o esternotomía) genera un importante dolor perioperatorio, que puede ser manejado con técnicas de anestesia locorregional. Sin embargo, existe gran controversia sobre su realización en cirugía cardíaca debido a la interferencia con la terapia anticoagulante necesaria en estos pacientes.El bloqueo del plano erector espinal constituye una alternativa a las técnicas locorregionales clásicas, al no producir alteraciones hemodinámicas y no interferir con la terapia antiagregante y anticoagulante, siendo una alternativa a tener en cuenta en cirugía cardíaca. Presentamos un caso de implantación de asistencia ventricular izquierda con realización de dicho bloqueo previo al procedimiento quirúrgico e infusión postoperatoria a través de catéter, obteniéndose resultados satisfactorios en el manejo del dolor perioperatorio.(AU)

In recent years, left ventricular assist devices have become an important element in the management of left ventricular failure refractory to pharmacological treatment. Their implantation (performed by left thoracotomy or sternotomy) generates significant perioperative pain, which can be managed with locoregional anesthesia techniques. However, opinions vary on their use in cardiac surgery due to interference with the anticoagulant therapy required in these patients.The erector spinae plane block is an alternative to classic locoregional techniques. It does not produce hemodynamic alterations and does not interfere with antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy, and is therefore an alternative to be considered in cardiac surgery. We present a case of left ventricular assist device implantation under this block prior to the surgical procedure and postoperative infusion through a catheter, obtaining satisfactory results in the management of perioperative pain.(AU)

Perioperative analgesia by erector spinae plane block in left ventricular assist implant.

In recent years, left ventricular assist devices have become an important element in the management of left ventricular failure refractory to pharmacological treatment. Their implantation (performed by left thoracotomy or sternotomy) generates significant perioperative pain, which can be managed with locoregional anaesthesia techniques. However, opinions vary on their use in cardiac surgery due to interference with the anticoagulant therapy required in these patients. The erector spinae plane block is an alternative to classic locoregional techniques. It does not produce hemodynamic alterations and does not interfere with antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy, and is therefore an alternative to be considered in cardiac surgery. We present a case of left ventricular assist device implantation under this block prior to the surgical procedure and postoperative infusion through a catheter, obtaining satisfactory results in the management of perioperative pain.

[Predictive models of gestational diabetes, a new prediction mode]. / Modelos predictivos de diabetes gestacional, un nuevo modelo de predicción.

OBJECTIVES: Recognized the value of gestational diabetes (GD) as a health problem, our aim in this work has been to analyze the diagnostic performance of the different today's existing criteria (GEDE, O'Sullivan and Carpenter) after the overload of 100 g of glucose and revise how to increase its efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a description of all the variables. In the analytical phase of the work, we used Pearson's Chi square to see if there were differences in the percentage of cases collected in each health center and the proportions contrast test to study the differences between the experimental prevalence. We completed binary logistic regression models using as result variable having or not having gestational diabetes (yes/no) and as predictors the four measurements of the curve with 100 g of glucose overload. To decide which model was better, the stepwise backward-forward analysis and the surface of the ROC curve generated by each of them were considered. RESULTS: We obtained a sample of 170 pregnant women from six different Primary Care Area of Seville health centers who had shown a positive O'Sullivan test with a median age of 35 years. There were significant differences in the prevalence proportions according to the criteria used: GEDE/O'Sullivan p < 0.001; GEDE/Carpenter p < 0.001. Logistic models with three and four predictor variables were equal in discriminatory diagnostic capacity when the GEDE criteria were used (area under the ROC curve = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.98). The back-forward stepwise analysis stayed with the three-variable model as the most parsimonious. The same did not occur when applying the other two criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Regarding an observational design, we state that there are significant differences in the prevalence proportions observed according to the criteria applied (p < 0.001) and we can also support that using the GEDE criteria, the taking of the third hour could be dispensed with, based on Bayesian criteria and the application of the ROC curve analysis.

Utilidad de la ecografía de nervio óptico como predictor de progresión en esclerosis múltiple / Usefulness of optic nerve ultrasound to predict clinical progression in multiple sclerosis

Introducción: La pérdida neuronal/axonal progresiva se considera la causa más importante de discapacidad neurológica en la esclerosis múltiple (EM). El sistema visual está frecuentemente afectado en esta enfermedad y su accesibilidad a test funcionales y estructurales ha permitido que se convierta en un modelo para estudiar in vivo la patogenia de la EM. La ecografía orbitaria permite evaluar, de forma no invasiva y en tiempo real, las diversas estructuras de la órbita, incluido el nervio óptico.Material y métodosSe ha llevado a cabo un estudio observacional ambispectivo en pacientes con EM recogiéndose datos evolutivos de la enfermedad. La ecografía orbitaria se realizó en todos los pacientes según el principio de mínima potencia necesaria (ALARA). También se recogieron los datos de tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) en aquellos que tenían realizadas ambas pruebas. El estudio estadístico se efectuó con el programa SPSS 22.0.ResultadosSe encontraron correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre las medidas ecográficas y la progresión de la enfermedad (p = 0,041 para el ojo derecho y p = 0,037 para el ojo izquierdo), y la Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) final en el seguimiento (p = 0,07 para el ojo derecho y p = 0,043 para el ojo izquierdo). No fue así para los datos referentes a brotes y a otras variables clínicas.DiscusiónLa medición del diámetro del nervio óptico por ecografía podría utilizarse como medida predictiva en la evolución de la EM, ya que la disminución del mismo se asocia con progresión clínica y mayor discapacidad, medidas con la EDSS. (AU)

Introduction: Progressive neuronal and axonal loss are considered the main causes of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The disease frequently involves the visual system; the accessibility of the system for several functional and structural tests has made it a model for the in vivo study of MS pathogenesis. Orbital ultrasound is a non-invasive technique that enables various structures of the orbit, including the optic nerve, to be evaluated in real time.Material and methodsWe conducted an observational, ambispective study of MS patients. Disease progression data were collected. Orbital ultrasound was performed on all patients, with power set according to the ‘as low as reasonably achievable’ (ALARA) principle. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) data were also collected for those patients who underwent the procedure. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22.0.ResultsDisease progression was significantly correlated with ultrasound findings (P = .041 for the right eye and P = .037 for the left eye) and with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at the end of the follow-up period (P = .07 for the right eye and P = .043 for the left eye). No statistically significant differences were found with relation to relapses or other clinical variables.DiscussionUltrasound measurement of optic nerve diameter constitutes a useful, predictive factor for the evaluation of patients with MS. Smaller diameters are associated with poor clinical progression and greater disability (measured by EDSS). (AU)

Comparación de biomarcadores de primer trimestre en gestantes normotensas según su grado de obesidad en el tercer trimestre / Comparison of first trimester biomarkers in normotensive pregnancies according to their level of obesity in the third trimester

INTRODUCCIÓN: Nuestro trabajo tiene como objetivo aumentar la eficiencia del cribado de aneuploidías del primer trimestre de la gestación mediante la creación de modelos predictivos que sirvan para identificar gestantes en riesgo de desarrollar sobrepeso u obesidad en el tercer trimestre e instaurar medidas preventivas de obesidad a partir de ellos. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional de tipo ambispectivo realizado en atención primaria, en el que se han recogido un total de 380 registros correspondientes a otros tantos embarazos. Se han muestreado 6 centros de salud con las variables siguientes: edad en la gestación, proteína A placentaria asociada al embarazo (PAPP-A) (mU/ml), gonadotropina coriónica humana (b-HCG) (ng/ml), semana de recogida de la muestra para el cribado de primer trimestre, índice de masa corporal (IMC) a las 12 y a las 28 semanas de gestación, TSH a las 12 semanas de gestación, presión arterial sistólica (PAS), presión arterial diastólica (PAD) y presión arterial media (PAM) a las 12 y a las 28 semanas de gestación. Se recodificó la variable IMC a las 28 semanas, clasificando a las embarazadas en peso normal (IMC<25), sobrepeso (IMC 25-29,99) y obesas (IMC≥30). El IMC a las 28 semanas recodificada fue la variable resultado del modelo de regresión logística ordinal. Utilizamos el estudio ANOVA de varios factores para discernir diferencias entre las presiones arteriales. Se aceptó un error alfa del 5%. RESULTADOS: Las medianas de la PAPP-A y de b-HCG medidas en el primer trimestre son menores de manera progresiva en los grupos de gestantes con normopeso, sobrepeso y obesidad observadas en el tercer trimestre. Estos valores son predictores del peso en el tercer trimestre (regresión logística ordinal) (PAPP-A: p = 0,022; b-HCG: p = 0,002). Ninguna gestante desarrolló preeclampsia. Las PAS, PAD y PAM en el tercer trimestre fueron significativamente diferentes (ANOVA de varios factores; p < 0,05). DISCUSIÓN: La regresión logística ordinal demuestra que la disminución de los valores observada de PAPP-A y de b-HCG en el primer trimestre es predictora del grado de obesidad de forma significativa y gradual en una muestra de gestantes normotensas. No hemos querido confeccionar un modelo de regresión ordinal incluyendo el IMC de las 12 semanas por la colinealidad interna que aportaría al estar basada la variable resultado en él. El efecto predictor de la b-HCG es más homogéneo que el de la PAPP-A para el estado de sobrepeso y obesidad

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to improve the efficiency of aneuploidy screening in the first trimester of pregnancy by creating predictive models that serve to identify pregnant women at risk of becoming overweight or obese in the third trimester and to using them to implement preventive measures of obesity. METHODS: An ambispective, observational, primary care study was conducted in which a total of 380 records corresponding to as many pregnancies were collected. Samples were collected from patients of 6 health centres, in order to determine the following variables: age at gestation, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) (mU/ml), human chorionic gonadotropin (b-HCG) (ng/ml), sample collection week for first trimester screening, body mass index at 12 and 28 weeks gestation (BMI), TSH at 12 weeks gestation, and systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure (SBP, DBP, and MBP, respectively) at 12 and 28 weeks gestation. The BMI variable was recoded at 28 weeks, classifying pregnant women as normal weight (BMI<25), overweight (BMI 25-29.99), or obese (BMI≥30). The recoded BMI at 28 weeks was the variable resulting from the ordinal logistic regression model. An ANOVA study of several factors was used to discern differences between arterial pressures. A 5% alpha error was accepted. RESULTS: The PAPP-A and b-HCG medians measured in the first trimester are progressively lower in the groups of pregnant women with normal weight, overweight, and obesity observed in the third trimester. These values are predictors of the weight in the third trimester (ordinal logistic regression) (PAPP-A: P=.022; b-HCG: P=.002). No pregnant woman developed pre-eclampsia. The SBP, DBP, and MBP in the third trimester were significantly different (ANOVA in several factors; P<.05). DISCUSSION: The ordinal logistic regression demonstrates that the decrease in the observed values of PAPP-A and b-HCG in the first trimester is a predictor of the level of significant and gradual obesity in a sample of normotensive pregnant women. An ordinal regression model including the 12-week BMI was not made due to the internal collinearity that it would provide if the result variable was based on it. The predictive effect of b-HCG is more homogeneous than that of PAPP-A for the level of overweight and obesity

Usefulness of optic nerve ultrasound to predict clinical progression in multiple sclerosis. / Utilidad de la ecografía de nervio óptico como predictor de progresión en esclerosis múltiple.

INTRODUCTION: Progressive neuronal and axonal loss are considered the main causes of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The disease frequently involves the visual system; the accessibility of the system for several functional and structural tests has made it a model for the in vivo study of MS pathogenesis. Orbital ultrasound is a non-invasive technique that enables various structures of the orbit, including the optic nerve, to be evaluated in real time. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted an observational, ambispective study of MS patients. Disease progression data were collected. Orbital ultrasound was performed on all patients, with power set according to the 'as low as reasonably achievable' (ALARA) principle. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) data were also collected for those patients who underwent the procedure. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS: Disease progression was significantly correlated with ultrasound findings (P=.041 for the right eye and P=.037 for the left eye) and with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at the end of the follow-up period (P=.07 for the right eye and P=.043 for the left eye). No statistically significant differences were found with relation to relapses or other clinical variables. DISCUSSION: Ultrasound measurement of optic nerve diameter constitutes a useful, predictive factor for the evaluation of patients with MS. Smaller diameters are associated with poor clinical progression and greater disability (measured by EDSS).

Animal models for neurotoxicity assessment in cardiac arrest / Modelos animales para evaluar la neurotoxicidad en el paro cardíaco

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Esclerosis múltiple y trastornos asociados al consumo de alcohol: mortalidad atribuible, prolongación de estancias y exceso de costes hospitalarios / Multiple sclerosis and alcohol use disorders: In-hospital mortality, extended hospital stays, and overexpenditures

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo de este estudio es el análisis del impacto de los trastornos asociados al consumo de alcohol (TCA) en los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (EM), en términos de exceso de mortalidad intrahospitalaria, prolongación de estancias y sobrecostes. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de una muestra de pacientes ingresados con EM recogidos en los conjuntos mínimos básicos de datos de 87 hospitales españoles durante el periodo 2008-2010. Se calculó la mortalidad, la prolongación de estancias y los sobrecostes atribuibles a los TCA controlando mediante análisis multivariado de la covarianza variables como la edad y el sexo, el tipo de hospital, el tipo de ingreso, otros trastornos adictivos y las comorbilidades. RESULTADOS: Se estudiaron 10.249 ingresos por EM de 18 a 74 años de edad, entre los cuales hubo 215 pacientes con TCA. Los ingresos con EM y TCA fueron predominantemente varones, mayor frecuencia de ingresos urgentes, con mayor prevalencia de trastornos por tabaco y drogas y con índices de comorbilidad de Charlson más elevados. Los pacientes con EM y TCA presentaron importantes excesos de mortalidad (94,1%), prolongación indebida de estancias (2,4 días) y sobrecostes por alta (1.116,9 euros). CONCLUSIONES: De acuerdo a los resultados de este estudio, los TCA en pacientes con EM aumentaron significativamente la mortalidad, la duración de la estancia hospitalaria y sus costes

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in terms of in-hospital mortality, extended hospital stays, and overexpenditures. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study in a sample of MS patients obtained from minimal basic data sets from 87 Spanish hospitals recorded between 2008 and 2010. Mortality, length of hospital stays, and overexpenditures attributable to AUD were calculated. We used a multivariate analysis of covariance to control for such variables as age and sex, type of hospital, type of admission, other addictions, and comorbidities. RESULTS: The 10,249 patients admitted for MS and aged 18-74 years included 215 patients with AUD. Patients with both MS and AUD were predominantly male, with more emergency admissions, a higher prevalence of tobacco or substance use disorders, and higher scores on the Charlson comorbidity index. Patients with MS and AUD had a very high in-hospital mortality rate (94.1%) and unusually lengthy stays (2.4 days), and they generated overexpenditures (1,116.9euros per patient). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of this study, AUD in patients with MS results in significant increases in-hospital mortality and the length of the hospital stay and results in overexpenditures

[APACHE II and SAPS II as predictors of brain death development in neurocritical care patients]. / APACHE II y SAPS II como predictores de evolucion a muerte encefalica en pacientes neurocriticos.

AIM: To assess the prognostic value of APACHE II and SAPS II scales to predict brain death evolution of neurocritical care patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study performed in a tertiary hospital. Include 508 patients over 16 years old, hospitalized in ICU for at least 24 hours. The variables of interest were: demographic data, risk factors, APACHE II, SAPS II and outcome. RESULTS: Median age: 41 years old (IR: 25-57). Males: 76.2%. Most frequent reason for admission: trauma (55.3%). Medians: Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), 10 points; APACHE II, 13 points; SAPS II, 31 points; and ICU stay, 5 days. Mortality in the ICU was 28.5% (n = 145) of whom 44 (8.7%) evolved to brain death. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that GCS, APACHE II and SAPS II scores, as well as ICU stay days behaved as predictors of brain death evolution. However, the multivariate analysis performed including APACHE II and SAPS II scores showed that only APACHE II maintained statistical significance, despite the good discrimination of both scores. CONCLUSION: Transplant coordinators might use the APACHE II score as a tool to detect patients at risk of progression to brain death, minimizing the loss of potential donors.

TITLE: APACHE II y SAPS II como predictores de evolucion a muerte encefalica en pacientes neurocriticos.Objetivo. Evaluar si las escalas pronosticas APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) y SAPS II (Simplified Acute Physiology Score II) son capaces de predecir la evolucion a muerte encefalica en pacientes neurocriticos. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, realizado en un hospital de tercer nivel. Se incluyo a 508 pacientes mayores de 16 años, ingresados con patologia neurocritica aguda, con estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos de al menos 24 horas. Las variables de interes fueron: datos demograficos, factores de riesgo, APACHE II, SAPS II y resultado pronostico. Resultados. Mediana de edad: 41 años (rango intercuartilico: 25-57). Varones: 76,2%. Motivo de ingreso mas frecuente: traumatismo (55,3%). Medianas: escala de coma de Glasgow (GCS), 10 puntos; APACHE II, 13 puntos; SAPS II, 31 puntos; y estancia en cuidados intensivos, cinco dias. La mortalidad en la unidad de cuidados intensivos fue de 145 (28,5%). De ellos, 44 (8,7%) evolucionaron a muerte encefalica. El analisis de regresion logistica univariante mostro que la GCS, las escalas APACHE II y SAPS II, y los dias de estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos se comportaron como variables predictoras de evolucion a muerte encefalica. Sin embargo, en el analisis multivariante realizado con APACHE II y SAPS II, se evidencio que solo APACHE II mantiene significacion estadistica, a pesar de la buena discriminacion de ambas escalas. Conclusion. Los coordinadores de trasplantes podrian usar la escala APACHE II como una herramienta para detectar pacientes con riesgo de evolucion a muerte encefalica, minimizando la perdida de potenciales donantes.

Short-term Results From a Training Program to Improve Organ Donation in Uncontrolled Donation After Circulatory Death.

BACKGROUND: In all organ transplantation programs, election of the proper protocol relies primarily on the professionals involved in the detection of potential donors. The objective of our study was to assess the impact of a series of prehospital training sessions, as well as to develop several positive feedback strategies within the uncontrolled organ donation after circulatory death (uDCD) program in our city. METHODS: A before-after intervention study was carried out in 3 steps. First, professionals enrolled in the Emergency Health Services Agency-061 (EPES-061) program underwent specific training to identify potential donors. Second, a specific logotype was designed to alert emergency health care professionals that in cases where cardiopulmonary resuscitation was ineffective and after treatment of all potentially reversible causes, the "chain of survival" should be considered a "chain of opportunities." Third, a positive feedback strategy was put in place, whereby each time a donation was procured, the EPES-061 personnel that had identified the potential donor were notified by phone and in a personal letter. RESULTS: The mean age for donors was 50.5 years of age (interquartile range 37-52.5), and 89.5% of all donations came from male subjects. Positive feedback letters and phone calls, including information on final outcome, were provided to the appropriate personnel in 100% of the cases. Postintervention information showed an increase in both eligible and utilized donors. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions outside the hospital setting that facilitate optimal implementation of the uDCD program are an essential part of this strategy to increase the donor pool and make the wait shorter for transplant patients.

Serum gelsolin levels in aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage: Preliminary results / Niveles séricos de gelsolina en pacientes con hemorragia subaracnoidea de origen aneurismático: resultados preliminaries

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Urotensinergic system genes in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage / El sistema urotensinérgico en un modelo experimental de hemorragia subaracnoidea

Objective: Cerebral vasospasm, one of the main complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is characterized by arterial constriction and mainly occurs from day 4 until the second week after the event. Urotensin-II (U-II) has been described as the most potent vasoconstrictor peptide in mammals. An analysis is made of the serum U-II concentrations and mRNA expression levels of U-II, urotensin related peptide (URP) and urotensin receptor (UT) genes in an experimental murine model of SAH. Design: An experimental study was carried out. Setting: Experimental operating room of the Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital (Seville, Spain). Participants: 96 Wistar rats: 74 SAH and 22 sham intervention animals. Interventions: Day 1: blood sampling, followed by the percutaneous injection of 100μl saline (sham) or blood (SAH) into the subarachnoid space. Day 5: blood sampling, followed by sacrifice of the animals. Main variables of interest: Weight, early mortality, serum U-II levels, mRNA values for U-II, URP and UT. Results: Serum U-II levels increased in the SAH group from day 1 (0.62pg/mL [IQR 0.36-1.08]) today 5 (0.74pg/mL [IQR 0.39-1.43]) (p<0.05), though not in the sham group (0.56pg/mL [IQR 0.06-0.83] day 1; 0.37pg/mL [IQR 0.23-0.62] day 5; p=0.959). Between-group differences were found on day 5 (p<0.05). The ROC analysis showed that the day 5 serum U-II levels (AUC=0.691), URP mRNA (AUC=0.706) and UT mRNA (AUC=0.713) could discriminate between sham and SAH rats. The normal serum U-II concentration range in rats was 0.56pg/mL (IQR 0.06-0.83). Conclusion: The urotensinergic system is upregulated on day 5 in an experimental model of SAH (AU)

Objetivo: El vasoespasmo cerebral, una de las principales complicaciones secundarias a hemorragia subaracnoidea (HSA), se caracteriza por una constricción arterial que tiene lugar principalmente entre el día 4 y la segunda semana. La urotensina-II (U-II) ha sido definida como el péptido con mayor capacidad vasoconstrictora en mamíferos. Quisimos analizar los niveles séricos de U-II, así como los niveles de expresión de los genes de U-II, péptido relacionado con urotensina y receptor de urotensina, en un modelo murino experimental de HSA. Diseño: Estudio experimental. Ámbito: Quirófano experimental del Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío. Participantes: Noventa y seis ratas Wistar: 74 con inyección percutánea de sangre (HSA), 22 con inyección percutánea de 100μL de salino (Sham). Intervenciones: Día 1: extracción de muestras de sangre. Posteriormente, inyección percutánea de 100μL de salino (Sham) o de sangre (HSA) en el espacio subaracnoideo. Día 5: extracción de muestras de sangre y sacrificio del animal. Principales variables de interés: Peso, mortalidad precoz, niveles séricos de U-II, valores de ARNm de U-II, péptido relacionado con urotensina y receptor de urotensina. Resultados: Observamos un incremento en los niveles de U-II sérica en el grupo HSA desde el día 1 (0,62pg/mL [RI 0,36-1,08]) al día 5 (0,74pg/mL [RI 0,39-1,43]) (p<0,05); pero no observamos tal diferencia en el grupo Sham (0,56pg/mL [RI 0,06-0,83] día 1; 0,37pg/mL [RI 0,23-0,62] día 5) (p=0,959). Se encontraron diferencias en los niveles de U-II entre ambos grupos al quinto día (p<0,05). El análisis de curvas ROC demostró que la U-II sérica al quinto día (AUC=0,691), ARNm de péptido relacionado con urotensina (AUC=0,706) y ARNm de receptor de urotensina (AUC=0,713) podían discriminar entre ratas Sham y HSA. Además, definimos un rango de normalidad para los niveles de U-II séricos en ratas: 0,56pg/mL (RI 0,06-0,83). Conclusión: Este estudio demuestra por primera vez que el sistema urotensinérgico ve incrementada su expresión en el quinto día en un modelo de HSA (AU)

Effectiveness and Safety of CT-P13 (Biosimilar Infliximab) in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Real Life at 6 Months.

BACKGROUND: CT-P13 is a biosimilar of Remicade®, an agent approved in some countries for use in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Controlled clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of CT-P13 in rheumatic diseases, but not in IBD. AIMS: To assess the effectiveness and safety of CT-P13 in IBD patients in real clinical practice. METHODS: This is a prospective observational study in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis treated with CT-P13. The study was performed in one single center. Patients included were naive or switched to anti-TNF treatment from the reference infliximab (Remicade®) to CT-P13. Efficacy and safety were assessed in naive and switched patients who were in remission at the time of the switch at months 3 and 6 of therapy. RESULTS: 87.5 and 83.9% of switched CD patients who were in remission at the time of the switch continued in remission, and 66.7 and 50% of naive CD patients reached remission, at months 3 and 6. In UC switched cases, 92 and 91.3% of patients in remission at the time of the switch continued in remission, at 3 and 6 months. In naive UC patients, the remission rates were 44.4 and 66.7%, at months 3 and 6. Adverse events occurred in 7.5% of patients during 6 months of study. CONCLUSIONS: CT-P13 was efficacious and well tolerated in patients with CD or UC.

Urotensinergic system genes in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE: Cerebral vasospasm, one of the main complications of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is characterized by arterial constriction and mainly occurs from day 4 until the second week after the event. Urotensin-II (U-II) has been described as the most potent vasoconstrictor peptide in mammals. An analysis is made of the serum U-II concentrations and mRNA expression levels of U-II, urotensin related peptide (URP) and urotensin receptor (UT) genes in an experimental murine model of SAH. DESIGN: An experimental study was carried out. SETTING: Experimental operating room of the Biomedicine Institute of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital (Seville, Spain). PARTICIPANTS: 96 Wistar rats: 74 SAH and 22 sham intervention animals. INTERVENTIONS: Day 1: blood sampling, followed by the percutaneous injection of 100µl saline (sham) or blood (SAH) into the subarachnoid space. Day 5: blood sampling, followed by sacrifice of the animals. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Weight, early mortality, serum U-II levels, mRNA values for U-II, URP and UT. RESULTS: Serum U-II levels increased in the SAH group from day 1 (0.62pg/mL [IQR 0.36-1.08]) to day 5 (0.74pg/mL [IQR 0.39-1.43]) (p<0.05), though not in the sham group (0.56pg/mL [IQR 0.06-0.83] day 1; 0.37pg/mL [IQR 0.23-0.62] day 5; p=0.959). Between-group differences were found on day 5 (p<0.05). The ROC analysis showed that the day 5 serum U-II levels (AUC=0.691), URP mRNA (AUC=0.706) and UT mRNA (AUC=0.713) could discriminate between sham and SAH rats. The normal serum U-II concentration range in rats was 0.56pg/mL (IQR 0.06-0.83). CONCLUSION: The urotensinergic system is upregulated on day 5 in an experimental model of SAH.

Multiple sclerosis and alcohol use disorders: In-hospital mortality, extended hospital stays, and overexpenditures. / Esclerosis múltiple y trastornos asociados al consumo de alcohol: mortalidad atribuible, prolongación de estancias y exceso de costes hospitalarios.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to analyse the impact of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in terms of in-hospital mortality, extended hospital stays, and overexpenditures. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study in a sample of MS patients obtained from minimal basic data sets from 87 Spanish hospitals recorded between 2008 and 2010. Mortality, length of hospital stays, and overexpenditures attributable to AUD were calculated. We used a multivariate analysis of covariance to control for such variables as age and sex, type of hospital, type of admission, other addictions, and comorbidities. RESULTS: The 10,249 patients admitted for MS and aged 18-74 years included 215 patients with AUD. Patients with both MS and AUD were predominantly male, with more emergency admissions, a higher prevalence of tobacco or substance use disorders, and higher scores on the Charlson comorbidity index. Patients with MS and AUD had a very high in-hospital mortality rate (94.1%) and unusually lengthy stays (2.4 days), and they generated overexpenditures (1,116.9euros per patient). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of this study, AUD in patients with MS results in significant increases in-hospital mortality and the length of the hospital stay and results in overexpenditures.

Severe Supratentorial Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Factors Related to Brain Death Development.

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to identify clinical variables that may contribute to the development of brain death (BD) in patients with severe supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: A prospective observational study was carried out from 2012 to 2014 and included patients with severe supratentorial ICH (Glasgow Coma Score ≤ 8). Exclusion criteria included aneurysmal or traumatic hemorrhage origin and hemorrhagic transformation of previous ischemic stroke. The following data were collected: clinical variables (past medical history, clinical severity at admission), head computed tomography scan findings, laboratory data, neurosurgical procedures, and immediate complications. Univariate tests and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the predictive ability of these variables and identify patients at high risk of progression to BD. RESULTS: A total of 140 patients with severe supratentorial ICH (median age, 60; 68.6% male) were included. Of these 140 cases, 24 progressed to BD. In the multivariate analysis, the following variables were independently associated with BD outcome after supratentorial ICH: a history of arterial hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 11.254; P = .003), anticoagulant therapy (OR, 3.561; P = .050), presence of photomotor impairment at admission (OR, 7.095; P = .001), rebleeding after supratentorial ICH (OR, 5.613; P = .010), and no neurosurgical hematoma evacuation in ICH (OR, 8.314; P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Certain clinical variables are predictive of an increased risk for BD development after supratentorial ICH. This information would be useful for transplant coordinators, permitting early identification of at-risk patients and increasing the availability of potential donors.

Predictores de mortalidad y mal resultado funcional en la hemorragia intraparenquimatosa espontánea grave: estudio prospectivo observacional / Predictors of mortality and poor functional outcome in severe spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: A prospective observational study

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la mortalidad y el resultado funcional final de los pacientes con hemorragia intraparenquimatosa espontánea grave (HIP). Determinar las características clínicas, radiológicas y terapéuticas con mayor poder predictivo sobre la mortalidad en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) y durante el ingreso hospitalario, así como sobre los malos resultados funcionales a los 6 meses. DISEÑO: Estudio prospectivo, observacional. ÁMBITO: UCI de un hospital universitario. PACIENTES: Durante 23 meses se incluyó a aquellos pacientes con diagnóstico de HIP. VARIABLES DE INTERÉS: Datos demográficos, factores de riesgo cardiovascular, medicación habitual, datos de laboratorio, tomografía craneal (TC), neuromonitorización, manejo terapéutico y evaluación pronóstica. Intervención: Ninguna. RESULTADOS: Se incluyó a un total de 186 pacientes. En el 25,8% se realizó evacuación quirúrgica de la HIP. La mortalidad fue del 46,7%. La mediana del Rankin modificado a los 6 meses fue de 5 (RI: 4;6). El análisis multivariante de regresión de Cox mostró que la presencia de diabetes, tratamiento previo con anticoagulantes, la gravedad según APACHE II y el tipo de hemorragia en la TC de cráneo se comportaron como variables predictoras de mortalidad y malos resultados funcionales, mientras que la realización de procedimientos neuroquirúrgicos y la monitorización de la presión intracraneal (PIC) asociaron una mayor supervivencia y mejores resultados. CONCLUSIÓN: La presencia de comorbilidades, como la diabetes o el tratamiento previo con anticoagulantes, así como los hallazgos de la TC se asociaron a peores resultados. Por contra, el marcador de mayor supervivencia y mejor resultado funcional era la monitorización de la PIC, así como la cirugía precoz

OBJECTIVE: To analyze mortality and functional outcome in patients with severe spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and identify the clinical characteristics, radiological findings and therapeutic procedures predictive of mortality in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and during hospitalization, as well as of poor functional results at 6 months. DESIGN: A prospective, observational study was carried out. SETTING: Neurocritical Care Unit of a university hospital. PATIENTS: Patients diagnosed with ICH were included over a period of 23 months. VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, regular medication, laboratory test parameters, cranial CT findings, therapeutic procedures and outcome data. Intervention: None. RESULTS: A total of 186 patients with ICH met the inclusion criteria. Surgery to evacuate ICH was performed in 25.8% of the patients. The mortality rate was 46.7%. The modified Rankin score at 6 months was 5 (RI: 4.6). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed the presence of diabetes, prior anticoagulation, as well as APACHE II severity and the type of bleeding on the cranial CT scan to be predictors of mortality and poor functional outcomes. On the other hand, neurosurgical procedures and intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring were associated with better outcomes. CONCLUSION: The presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, or previous anticoagulation, as well as the CT findings were associated to poorer outcomes. In contrast, ICP monitoring and early neurosurgery were predictive of longer survival and better functional outcomes