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2.
Iatreia ; Iatreia;35(2): 98-107, abr.-jun. 2022. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1421624

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: la diabetes mellitus (DM) es una epidemia mundial. La retinopatía diabética proliferativa (RDP), el edema macular diabético (EMD) y las complicaciones de la diabetes mellitus son las principales causas de discapacidad visual y ceguera en los adultos en la edad productiva. Aproximadamente, 1 de cada 3 personas con DM tiene retinopatía diabética (RD) y 1 de cada 10 tiene RDP o EMD. En el presente estudio se hace énfasis en esta última, siendo el primero con estas características en Colombia. Métodos: estudio transversal descriptivo donde se incluyeron 1.203 pacientes con diagnóstico de DM atendidos en la jornada "No más ciegos por Diabetes" del Hospital San Vicente Fundación de Medellín, en el 2017 y 2018. Se evaluó la presencia de RD y EMD clínico y sus características epidemiológicas en un análisis bivariado. Resultados: del total de pacientes con DM tamizados (1.203), el 5,4 % (65) tenían EMD; dentro de estos, el 7,7 % tenía DM tipo 1 y el 89,2% DM tipo 2. El 10,8 % tenía RDP, 73,8% tenía RD no proliferativo (RDNP). En un 93,8 % se hizo diagnósticos de novo de RD. La mediana del tiempo de la diabetes fue de 14 años, con un rango intercuartílico (RIQ) entre 7 y 19,5. La mediana de la hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1C) fue de 8,3 % (RIQ: 7,1-11). De 65 pacientes con EMD, 28 (56 ojos de los 130 con EMD) fueron estudiados con tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) y al 85,7 % se le confirmó EMD. La mediana del grosor macular central fue de 249 micras (RIQ: 231-341) en los pacientes con EMD por OCT (n = 48 ojos). Conclusión: las complicaciones de la diabetes son más prevalentes en los pacientes con RD. La media del tiempo de aparición de EMD fue similar al tiempo de inicio de las complicaciones microvasculares de la diabetes reportada en la literatura, pero debe ser considerada en el contexto del control metabólico de los pacientes.


Summary Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a worldwide epidemic disease, with significant microvascular compromise. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) as well as diabetic macular edema (DME) are currently two of the leading causes of visual impairment and blindness in adults of productive age. Approximately one in three people with DM have diabetic retinopathy (DR), and 1 in 10 have PDR or DME. This study emphasizes in the last one, being the first one with these characteristics in Colombia. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study includes 1203 patients diagnosed with DM evaluated in the "No more blindness due to diabetes" diabetic retinopathy-screening program of the San Vicente Foundation Hospital in Medellín between 2017 and 2018. The presence of DR and clinical macular edema with the epidemiologic variables were evaluated in a bivariate analysis. Results: From the total number of patients with DM screened (1203), 5,4% (65) had DME, 7,7% had DM type 1 and 89,2% had DM type 2, 10,8% had PDR and 73.8% had nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy NPDR. Most of the patients (93,8%) were diagnosed de novo with DR. The median illness time was 14 years with interquartile range (IQR) between 7 and 19,5. The median glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) was 8.3% (IQR:7,1-11). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) study was done in 28 out of 65 patients with DME (56 out of 130 eyes with DME), in which 85.7% of patients were confirmed to have DME and the mean central macular thickness was 249 microns (IQR:231-341) (n=48 eyes). Conclusion: DM complications were more frequent in patients suffering from DR. The median onset time of DME symptoms was found to be similar to the time of microvascular complications appear; however, it should be considered along with the patient's metabolic control.

3.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 33(2): 127-133, abr.-jun. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-960050

RESUMO

Resumen Objetivo: se realizó un estudio en pacientes sometidos a trasplante de hígado (TH) con el objetivo de determinar los valores de glucemia en cada una de las fases de la cirugía del TH y su relación con la morbimortalidad postoperatoria. Materiales y métodos: se identificaron los trasplantes hepáticos entre 2013 y 2015 en los registros institucionales. La información se tomó de la nota operatoria, registros de laboratorio y evoluciones de historia clínica. Se buscaron diferencias en la glucemia en las 3 fases del trasplante entre diabéticos y no diabéticos, la presencia de infección y rechazo. Resultados: en total, se estudiaron 73 pacientes trasplantados, 54,8% (n = 40) de sexo masculino, con una mediana en la edad de 59 años (rango intercuartílico [RIQ] = 52-53). El 32,9% (n = 24) tenía antecedente de diabetes mellitus (DM). Se encontraron diferencias en la glucemia inicial y final (127 mg/dL frente a 212 mg/dL) en diabéticos (p = 0,001), así como en los no diabéticos (glucemia inicial: 105 mg/dL frente a la final: 190 mg/dL) (p <0,000). La proporción de rechazo fue mayor en diabéticos (14,3%, n = 7). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la presencia de infecciones entre diabéticos y no diabéticos. Se confirmó el diagnóstico de diabetes postrasplante en el 15,1%. Conclusiones: un adecuado control glucémico en los diferentes períodos del transoperatorio en el TH logra igualar la tasa de complicaciones a nivel infeccioso en pacientes diabéticos y no diabéticos; el rechazo continúa siendo más frecuente en pacientes diabéticos. Es necesaria una búsqueda activa de la diabetes postrasplante en cada uno de nuestros pacientes.


Abstract Objective: This study was of patients who underwent liver transplantation has the objective of determining glycemia values ​​in each phase of liver transplant surgery and their relationships with post-operative morbidity and mortality. Materials and Methods: Liver transplant patients were identified in institutional records from 2013 to 2015. The information was taken from operative notes, laboratory records and clinical histories. We searched for differences in blood glucose levels during the three phases of transplantation and compared the incidences of infections and rejections for diabetics and non-diabetics. Results: A total of 73 transplant patients were studied: 54.8% (n = 40) were male, the median age was 59 years (RIQ = 52-53), and 32.9% (n = 24) had histories of Diabetes Mellitus. Differences were found between initial and final serum glucose levels of diabetics (127 mg/dl vs. 212 mg/dl, p = 0.001) as well as in non-diabetics (105 mg/dl vs. 190 mg/dl, p < 0.000). The proportion of rejection was highest among diabetics (14.3%, n = 7). No significant differences were found in the proportions of diabetic and non-diabetic patients who developed infections. Diagnosis of post-transplant diabetes was confirmed in 15.1% of the sample. Conclusions: Adequate monitoring of blood glucose levels during all trans-operative periods of liver transplantation can equalize the rate of infectious complications in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Rejection continues to be more frequent among diabetic patients. An active search for post-transplant diabetes is necessary for every patient.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Glicemia , Morbidade , Mortalidade , Transplante de Fígado , Incidência , Glucose , Métodos
4.
Biomedica ; 34(1): 79-91, 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24967861

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Zinc deficiency is common in children among populations in developing areas. Zinc deficiency alters the immune system and the resistance to infections. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of two zinc compounds in the prevention of acute respiratory infection and acute diarrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomized triple-blind community trial with 301 children between 2-5 years of age from six child daycare centers in Medellin, Colombia. Children were distributed in three groups receiving zinc amino acid chelate, zinc sulfate and placebo five days a week for 16 weeks. Daily symptoms of respiratory infection, acute diarrhea and side effects were evaluated. RESULTS: The incidence of respiratory infection was lower with zinc amino acid chelate (1.42 per 1,000 child-days) compared with placebo (3.3 per 1,000 child-days) (RR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.196 to 0.950, p=0.049) and with zinc sulfate (1.57 per 1,000 child-days) (RR=0.90, 95% CI 0.382 to 2.153, p=0.999). The incidence of acute diarrhea with zinc amino acid chelate (0.15 per 1,000 child-days) was lower than with placebo (0.49 per 1,000 child-days) (RR=0.32, 95% CI 0.006 to 3.990, p=0.346) and with zinc sulfate (0.78 per 1,000 child-days) (RR=0.20, 95% CI: 0.0043 to 1.662, p=0.361). CONCLUSIONS: Zinc amino acid chelate had a better effect in reducing the incidence of acute respiratory infection and acute diarrhea in preschool children when compared with the other groups.


Assuntos
Quelantes/uso terapêutico , Deficiências Nutricionais/complicações , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/prevenção & controle , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Compostos de Zinco/uso terapêutico , Sulfato de Zinco/uso terapêutico , Zinco/deficiência , Creches , Pré-Escolar , Diarreia/etiologia , Método Duplo-Cego , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Infecções Respiratórias/etiologia
5.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; Biomédica (Bogotá);34(1): 79-91, ene.-mar. 2014. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-708892

RESUMO

Introducción. El déficit de zinc es común en niños de poblaciones en desarrollo. La deficiencia de zinc altera el sistema inmunológico y la resistencia a las infecciones. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de dos compuestos de zinc en la prevención de la infección respiratoria y la diarrea agudas. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un ensayo comunitario triple ciego en 301 niños entre dos y cinco años de edad de centros infantiles de Medellín. Fueron seis conglomerados distribuidos aleatoriamente en tres grupos de intervención que recibieron zinc aminoquelado, sulfato de zinc y placebo durante cinco días de la semana a lo largo de 16 semanas. Se evaluaron diariamente los síntomas de infección respiratoria, diarrea aguda y efectos secundarios. Resultados. La incidencia de la infección respiratoria fue menor con el zinc aminoquelado (1,42 por 1.000 días-niño) comparado con el sulfato de zinc (1,57 por 1.000 días-niño) (RR=0,90, IC 95% : 0,382 a 2,153 , p=0,999) y con el placebo (3,3 por 1.000 días-niño) ( RR=0,43, IC 95% : 0,196 a 0,950 , p=0,049). La incidencia de diarrea aguda con el zinc aminoquelado (0,15 por 1.000 días-niño) fue menor que con el sulfato de zinc (1,18 0,78 por 1.000 días-niño) (RR=0,20, IC 95% : 0,0043 a 1,662, p=0,361) y que la del grupo placebo (0,49 por 1.000 días-niño) (RR=0,32, IC 95% : 0,006 a 3,990 , p=0,346). Conclusiones. El zinc aminoquelado tuvo mejor efecto en la disminución de la incidencia de la infección respiratoria y la diarrea agudas en niños preescolares comparado con los otros grupos de estudio.


Introduction: Zinc deficiency is common in children among populations in developing areas. Zinc deficiency alters the immune system and the resistance to infections. Objective: To evaluate the effect of two zinc compounds in the prevention of acute respiratory infection and acute diarrhea. Materials and methods: Randomized triple-blind community trial with 301 children between 2-5 years of age from six child daycare centers in Medellin, Colombia. Children were distributed in three groups receiving zinc amino acid chelate, zinc sulfate and placebo five days a week for 16 weeks. Daily symptoms of respiratory infection, acute diarrhea and side effects were evaluated. Results: The incidence of respiratory infection was lower with zinc amino acid chelate (1.42 per 1,000 child-days) compared with placebo (3.3 per 1,000 child-days) (RR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.196 to 0.950, p=0.049) and with zinc sulfate (1.57 per 1,000 child-days) (RR=0.90, 95% CI 0.382 to 2.153, p=0.999). The incidence of acute diarrhea with zinc amino acid chelate (0.15 per 1,000 child-days) was lower than with placebo (0.49 per 1,000 child-days) (RR=0.32, 95% CI 0.006 to 3.990, p=0.346) and with zinc sulfate (0.78 per 1,000 child-days) (RR=0.20, 95% CI: 0.0043 to 1.662, p=0.361). Conclusions: Zinc amino acid chelate had a better effect in reducing the incidence of acute respiratory infection and acute diarrhea in preschool children when compared with the other groups.


Assuntos
Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Quelantes/uso terapêutico , Deficiências Nutricionais/complicações , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/prevenção & controle , Infecções Respiratórias/epidemiologia , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Compostos de Zinco/uso terapêutico , Sulfato de Zinco/uso terapêutico , Zinco/deficiência , Creches , Método Duplo-Cego , Diarreia/etiologia , Incidência , Infecções Respiratórias/etiologia
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