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2.
Cuad. med. forense ; 20(1): 9-14, ene.-mar. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-125551

RESUMO

Se reflexiona sobre el papel actual del médico, y en particular del médico legista, como garante de los derechos fundamentales de la persona en la sociedad actual. En la segunda mitad del siglo XX cambia el paradigma que habia regulado la relación medico/paciente, pasando de estar regida por el principio de beneficencia al de autonomia. Ello genera situaciones especialmente complejas para el acto médico, sobretodo en el final de la vida. Se analiza la encrucijada en la que se ve el médico funcionario al defender los intereses de sus pacientes en detrimento de los de la Administración que le paga, especialmente en tiempos de recesión económica como los presentes. Se exponen numerosos casos en los que el médico forense se puede ver coaccionado para no realizar una autopsia u otra diligencia judicial, o bien se ve involucrado en decisiones de otros, generalmente de los jueces, achacadas al médico forense. Igualmente se consideran casos en los que los derechos fundamentales de los ciudadanos están siendo vulnerados por los Estados. Se plantea la necesidad de establecer la Medicina Legal en el ámbito hospitalario, como una especialidad médica en pie de igualdad con las demás especialidades, en relación con la gran trascendencia jurídica, penal, civil, administrativa y económica del parte de lesiones y otras actuaciones de la asistencia hospitalaria. Se cuestiona si siempre la formación de los médicos forenses es la adecuada para alcanzar unos niveles de garantía de calidad en su trabajo, especialmente en la práctica de la autopsia, una operación de cuyo resultado dependen tantos derechos y responsabilidades y que no puede ser rehecha. También se tratan los nuevos desafíos que afronta el médico legista como la Bioética y los problemas medicolegales relacionados con el aborto, el libre comercio en el trasplante de órganos o la eutanasia voluntaria. Todo ello desde la perspectiva de la defensa de los derechos de los ciudadanos (AU)


The current role of the physician and in particular the forensic physician as guarantor of the fundamental rights of person in today’s society is reviewed in this article. The special importance of the change in the second half of the twentieth century in the doctor / patient relationship by which the principle of beneficence to autonomy gave way, creating complex situations especially when persons are at the end of life. The crossroads where the medical officer is to defend the interests of their patients at the expense of the Administration that pays him, especially in times of economic recession as present, are analyzed. There are numerous cases in which the forensic pathologist may be forced not to perform an autopsy or other judicial proceedings, or is involved in decisions taken by others, judges generally, and then blamed to de forensic physician. We also consider cases in which the fundamental rights of citizens may be violated by the State. The need for Legal Medicine in hospitals, as a medical specialty equal to other specialties is growing, related to the increasing great legal importance of criminal, civil, administrative and economical of injuries, as well as other actions that arise during hospital care. It is also questioned whether training of forensic physicians is adequate to achieve levels of quality assurance in their work, especially in the practice of autopsy, an operation on wich results dependmany rights and obligations and that can not be redone. The are also new challenges facing as forensic physician: the Bioethics and medicolegal problems regarding abortion, free trade in organ transplantation or voluntary euthanasia, issues that are also discussed. These topics are reviewed from the perspective of protecting the rights of the citizens (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Medicina Legal/tendências , Ciências Forenses/tendências , Direitos Humanos/legislação & jurisprudência , Bioética/tendências , Direitos do Paciente , Relações Médico-Paciente , Autonomia Pessoal , Defesa do Paciente , Eutanásia/legislação & jurisprudência , Aborto Legal/ética , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/legislação & jurisprudência
3.
Cuad. med. forense ; 19(3/4): 68-74, jul.-dic. 2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-122435

RESUMO

Se reflexiona sobre el papel actual del médico, y en particular del médico legista, como garante de los derechos fundamentales de la persona en la sociedad actual. En la segunda mitad del siglo XX cambia el paradigma que habia regulado la relación medico/paciente, pasando de estar regida por el principio de beneficencia al de autonomia. Ello genera situaciones especialmente complejas para el acto médico, sobretodo en el final de la vida. Se analiza la encrucijada en la que se ve el médico funcionario al defender los intereses de sus pacientes en detrimento de los de la Administración que le paga, especialmente en tiempos de recesión económica como los presentes. Se exponen numerosos casos en los que el médico forense se puede ver coaccionado para no realizar una autopsia u otra diligencia judicial, o bien se ve involucrado en decisiones de otros, generalmente de los jueces, achacadas al médico forense. Igualmente se consideran casos en los que los derechos fundamentales de los ciudadanos están siendo vulnerados por los Estados. Se plantea la necesidad de establecer la Medicina Legal en el ámbito hospitalario, como una especialidad médica en pie de igualdad con las demás especialidades, en relación con la gran trascendencia jurídica, penal, civil, administrativa y económica del parte de lesiones y otras actuaciones de la asistencia hospitalaria. Se cuestiona si siempre la formación de los médicos forenses es la adecuada para alcanzar unos niveles de garantía de calidad en su trabajo, especialmente en la práctica de la autopsia, una operación de cuyo resultado dependen tantos derechos y responsabilidades y que no puede ser rehecha. También se tratan los nuevos desafíos que afronta el médico legista como la Bioética y los problemas medicolegales relacionados con el aborto, el libre comercio en el trasplante de órganos o la eutanasia voluntaria. Todo ello desde la perspectiva de la defensa de los derechos de los ciudadanos (AU)


The current role of the physician and in particular the forensic physician as guarantor of the fundamental rights of person in today’s society is reviewed in this article. The special importance of the change in the second half of the twentieth century in the doctor / patient relationship by which the principle of beneficence to autonomy gave way, creating complex situations especially when persons are at the end of life. The crossroads where the medical officer is to defend the interests of their patients at the expense of the Administration that pays him, especially in times of economic recession as present, are analyzed. There are numerous cases in which the forensic pathologist may be forced not to perform an autopsy or other judicial proceedings, or is involved in decisions taken by others, judges generally, and then blamed to de forensic physician. We also consider cases in which the fundamental rights of citizens may be violated by the State. The need for Legal Medicine in hospitals, as a medical specialty equal to other specialties is growing, related to the increasing great legal importance of criminal, civil, administrative and economical of injuries , as well as other actions that arise during hospital care. It is also questioned whether training of forensic physicians is adequate to achievelevels of quality assurance in their work, especially in the practice of autopsy, an operation on wich results depend many rights and obligations and that can not be redone. The are also new challenges facing as forensic physician: the Bioethics and medicolegal problems regarding abortion, free trade in organ transplantation or voluntary euthanasia, issues that are also discussed. These topics are reviewed from the perspective of protecting the rights of the citizens (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Ciências Forenses/tendências , Direitos Humanos , Bioética , Relações Médico-Paciente , Autonomia Pessoal , Legislação como Assunto , Eutanásia/legislação & jurisprudência , Aborto Induzido/legislação & jurisprudência , Obtenção de Tecidos e Órgãos/legislação & jurisprudência
4.
Rev Enferm ; 22(7-8): 547-52, 1999.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10514794

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Classical methods for newborn identification cannot establish a true biological nexus between mother and newborn, and hence they have been widely criticized. Therefore, a pilot study on a mother-infant genetic identification program (PROIGMI) has been started in order to ensure the determination of a biological relationship between mother and newborn in cases of vaginal delivery, caesarean birth or fetal autopsies. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In the delivery room and after informed consent, a total of 100 blood samples from mother/newborn couples were taken and deposited on clean and sterile paper supports. DNA from a total of 20 mother/newborn couples was studied by PCR techniques, being able to unequivocally establish the biological relationship in all cases, even when using minimal amounts of DNA. RESULTS: Blood samples collection does not show differences regarding the kind of birth (delivery, cesarean). The protocol used is easy and fast, and does not employ materials not known for health care professionals. Minimal amounts of blood yield enough DNA to obtain conclusive inclusion probabilities. CONCLUSIONS: The use of DNA allows to stablish the so called biological truth in cases of doubt or where necessary; with the use of medical protocols these studies can be completed in 6 to 8 hours using small amounts of DNA (5 microliters).


Assuntos
Impressões Digitais de DNA/métodos , Sistemas de Identificação de Pacientes/métodos , Adulto , Impressões Digitais de DNA/normas , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Sistemas de Identificação de Pacientes/normas , Projetos Piloto , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
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