[New options in the treatment of painful shoulder syndrome]. / Nuevas alternativas en el tratamiento del síndrome de hombro doloroso.

Shoulder pain is a common complaint in clinical practice in Primary Care and affects 20% of the general population. The usual form of treatment is based on NSAIDs, rest, rehabilitation and, as an alternative, a local injection into the joint. There are also radiofrequency techniques on the suprascapular nerve in the cases of refractory pain to these therapies. Radiofrequency can be used in two ways: Conventional Radiofrequency, using high temperatures to the target tissue with the aim of producing a thermal neurolysis and Pulsed Radiofrequency where the temperatures are lower and produces a temporary non-destructive blockage; the latter being the most common technique in the management of shoulder pain. Although the analgesic mechanism of action of Radiofrequency is unknown, recent studies have shown that it is safe, effective and Lasting. Radiofrequency of the suprascapular nerve is a valid, effective and with few complications in the treatment of shoulder pain refractory to other therapies.

[Postoperative pain management for patients who are long-term users of opioid]. / Manejo perioperatorio del dolor en el paciente en tratamiento crónico con opiáceos.

Pain is one of the most common reasons for seeking medical care and the frequency of prescription of opioid analgesics by both primary care physicians and specialists has increased. It is therefore unsurprising that many patients with chronic pain who must undergo scheduled or emergency surgery will be on long-term medication, including opioids. Managing postoperative pain, even with high doses of drugs, seems to be more difficult in regular users of such analgesics, possibly because of an apparent association of opioid use with increased tolerance and hyperalgesia. Postoperative pain relief should be carefully tailored in these cases by means of a management plan worked out along with the patient. Adjuvants may be particularly useful; the most thoroughly studied adjuvants are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and ketamine. Regional anesthesia offers a particularly attractive approach when long-term users of opioids must undergo surgery.

Manejo perioperatorio del dolor en el paciente en tratamiento crónico con opiáceos / Postoperative pain management for patients who are long-term users of opioid

El dolor representa uno de los motivos más frecuentes de demanda de atención médica entre la población. Se ha producido un notable incremento en la prescripción de opiáceos tanto por parte de los médicos de atención primaria como por parte de los especialistas en el tratamiento del dolor. No es de extrañar pues que muchos de los pacientes que se nos presentan a día de hoy para cirugía electiva o de urgencia estén en tratamiento por dolor crónico y entre los fármacos que toman se encuentren los opiáceos. El manejo del dolor postoperatorio parece ser más difícil en los pacientes consumidores crónicos, incluso cuando las dosis de los mismos no son muy altas. La explicación a estos fenómenos parece encontrarse en los fenómenos de tolerancia e hiperalgesia inducida por opioides. El manejo perioperatorio del dolor en los pacientes consumidores crónicos de opiáceos debe hacerse de manera individualizada y cuidadosa. Por ello es recomendable, conjuntamente con el paciente, crear un plan para el manejo perioperatorio del dolor antes de la cirugía. En este grupo de pacientes el uso de adyuvantes juega un papel especialmente útil. Entre los de tipo farmacológico los más investigados son los AINEs y la ketamina. Las técnicas de anestesia regional son una elección especialmente atractiva en el paciente que consume opiáceos de manera crónica(AU)

Pain is one of the most common reasons for seeking medical care and the frequency of prescription of opioid analgesics by both primary care physicians and specialists has increased. It is therefore unsurprising that many patients with chronic pain who must undergo scheduled or emergency surgery will be on long-term medication, including opioids. Managing postoperative pain, even with high doses of drugs, seems to be more difficult in regular users of such analgesics, possibly because of an apparent association of opioid use with increased tolerance and hyperalgesia. Postoperative pain relief should be carefully tailored in these cases by means of a management plan worked out along with the patient. Adjuvants may be particularly useful; the most thoroughly studied adjuvants are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and ketamine. Regional anesthesia offers a particularly attractive approach when long-term users of opioids must undergo surgery(AU)

Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for spinal infusion and neurostimulation implantation in two patients with chronic pain.

OBJECTIVE: This case report describes an ultrasound approach to the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) local anesthetic block. This block induces sensory blockade in the lower half of the abdomen where the pulse generator or the infusion pump is to be housed in a subcutaneous pocket, and therefore provides an alternate to general anesthesia or administration of high-dose local anesthetics. CASE REPORT: We report two cases of neuromodulation procedures-implantation of an internal morphine pump for severe somatic pain refractory to other therapies and placement of a double-stimulator generator for dorsal column stimulation in a patient diagnosed with postoperative failed-back syndrome. We successfully used ultrasound-guided TAP block to achieve ipsilateral sensory block of dermatomes T9-L1 in the context of a monitored anesthesia care multimodal approach. CONCLUSION: TAP block can be a potentially useful substitute to general anesthesia or local anesthesia for the pocket formation in neuromodulation techniques, and it provides adequate anesthesia of the abdominal wall. This block is potentially an important addition to the monitored anesthesia care protocol.

Empleo de la ecografía en el manejo de llenado de una bomba de infusión interna. A propósito de un caso / No disponible

No disponible

[Continuous infusion of baclofen and an antibiotic for treating meningitis related to refilling of an intrathecal infusion pump reservoir]. / Infusión continua de baclofeno con antibiótico para el tratamiento de meningitis asociada a relleno del reservorio de la bomba de perfusión intratecal.

Baclofen via intrathecal infusion pump is a widely used treatment severe spasticity. Complications are rare and usually mild, though they can also be serious. The sudden discontinuation of intrathecal baclofen may have significant adverse effects. We report the case of a 59-year-old man with chronic spasticity and torsion dystonia who developed meningitis due to Staphylococcus epidermidis due to contamination of the intrathecal, infusion pump reservoir during refilling. It was decided to treat the patient by administering vancomycin through the pump, together with the baclofen. We believe that changing the intrathecal perfusion pump is not necessary as the first measure to take in these cases. Combined infusion of baclofen and an antibiotic through the pump makes it possible to maintain antispastic treatment, sterilize the pump reservoir and tubes, and effectively treat infections that develop during use of these systems.

Infusión continua de baclofeno con antibiótico para el tratamiento de meningitis asociada a relleno del reservorio de la bomba de perfusión intratecal / Continuous infusion of baclofen and an antibiotic for treating meningitis related to refilling of an intrathecal infusion pump reservoir

El tratamiento de la espasticidad severa medianteuna bomba programable de perfusión intratecal debaclofeno es una técnica ampliamente extendida. Lascomplicaciones que puede presentar son poco frecuentes,y generalmente leves, si bien también pueden ser deimportante gravedad. Además, la interrupción bruscade la perfusión de baclofeno intratecal puede condicionarimportantes efectos adversos.Presentamos el caso de un varón de 59 años de edadcon espasticidad crónica y distonía muscular deformanteque presentó una meningitis por Staphylococcus epidermidis debida a la contaminación del reservorio de la bomba de perfusión intratecal en uno de los rellenos del mismo. Se decidió tratar al paciente mediante la administración conjunta a través de la bomba de vancomicina junto al baclofeno. En conclusión, creemos que en estos pacientes no es necesario como primera medida el recambio de las bombas de perfusión intratecal. La administración conjunta de baclofeno y antibiótico a través de la bomba permite mantener el tratamiento antiespástico, esterilizar el reservorio y los sistemas de canalización de la misma y tratar eficazmente las infecciones producidas a través de estos sistemas

Baclofen via intrathecal infusion pump is a widely usedtreatment severe spasticity. Complications are rare andusually mild, though they can also be serious. The suddendiscontinuation of intrathecal baclofen may havesignificant adverse effects.We report the case of a 59-year-old man with chronicspasticity and torsion dystonia who developed meningitisdue to Staphylococcus epidermidis due to contamination ofthe intrathecal infusion pump reservoir during refilling. It was decided to treat the patient by administering vancomycin through the pump, together with the baclofen. We believe that changing the intrathecal perfusion pump is not necessary as the first measure to take in these cases. Combined infusion of baclofen and an antibiotic through the pump makes it possible to maintain antispastic treatment, sterilize the pump reservoir and tubes, and effectively treatinfections that develop during use of these systems