Genetic risk score for common obesity and anthropometry in Spanish schoolchildren.

IntroductionCommon or non-syndromic obesity is a complex polygenic trait conditioned by biallelic or single-base polymorphisms called SNPs (Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms) that present an additive effect and act synergistically. Most genotype-obese phenotype association studies include body mass index (BMI) or waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), and very few introduce a broad anthropometric profile. ObjectiveTo verify whether a genetic risk score (GRS) developed from 10 SNPs is associated with the obesity phenotype assessed from anthropometric measures indicative of excess weight, adiposity and fat distribution. Material and methodsA series of 438 Spanish schoolchildren (6-16 years old) were evaluated anthropometrically (weight, height, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, BMI, WtHR, body fat percentage [%BF]). Ten SNPs were genotyped from saliva samples, generating a GRS for obesity, establishing genotype-phenotype association. ResultsSchoolchildren categorised as obese by BMI, ICT and %BF had higher GRS than their non-obese peers. The prevalence of overweight and adiposity was higher in subjects with a GRS above the median. Similarly, between 11 and 16 years of age, all anthropometric variables presented higher averages. ConclusionsGRS estimated from the 10 SNPs can be a diagnostic tool for the potential risk of obesity in Spanish schoolchildren and could be useful from the preventive perspective.

Eating Behavior and Obesity in a Sample of Spanish Schoolchildren.

From the point of view of prevention, it is convenient to explore the association between eating behavior and the obese phenotype during school and adolescent age. The aim of the present study was to identify eating behavior patterns associated with nutritional status in Spanish schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study of 283 boys and girls (aged 6 to 16 years) was carried out. The sample was evaluated anthropometrically by Body Mass Index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body fat percentage (%BF). Eating behavior was analyzed using the CEBQ "Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire". The subscales of the CEBQ were significantly associated with BMI, WHtR and %BF. Pro-intake subscales (enjoyment of food, food responsiveness, emotional overeating, desire for drinks) were positively related to excess weight by BMI (ß = 0.812 to 0.869; p = 0.002 to <0.001), abdominal obesity (ß = 0.543-0.640; p = 0.02 to <0.009) and high adiposity (ß = 0.508 to 0.595; p = 0.037 to 0.01). Anti-intake subscales (satiety responsiveness, slowness in eating, food fussiness) were negatively related to BMI (ß = -0.661 to -0.719; p = 0.009 to 0.006) and % BF (ß = -0.17 to -0.46; p = 0.042 to p = 0.016).

Prevalence of eating disorders on male team sports players.

OBJECTIVE: To determinate the prevalence of EDs in national adult male team sports players. METHODOLOGY: An observational study was conducted with 124 football, rugby, volleyball, handball, water polo, baseball and hockey players ranging between 18 and 55 years old. All subjects signed the informed consent before participating in the study. Data were collected via an online form including four validated questionnaires: The Eating Habits Questionnaire for Athletes, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 and the Body Shape Questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted with the software IBM SPSS V.23.0.0. RESULTS: 18.5% of the population presented a clinical profile compatible with an ED diagnosis. We cannot confidently say that the prevalence of EDs within our sample is conditioned by the analysed variables. CONCLUSION: Male team sports players may also be a high-risk group in the development of EDs. Risk factors such as young age, semiprofessional sporting status and body fat composition could influence its development.

Condición nutricional y hábitos alimentarios de los asistentes a consulta de nutrición en España dentro del ámbito laboral / Nutritional conditions and eating habits of those attending a Spain nutritional consultation within the workplace

Introducción: Los hábitos alimentarios y la condición nutricional de los trabajadores debe plantearse desde los propios centros de trabajo, con el objetivo de promover un estilo de vida saludable en prevención de patologías crónicas y en mejora de la calidad de vida. Objetivos: conocer la condición nutricional de una muestra de trabajadores de una empresa, junto a su grado de ad-herencia a la dieta mediterránea y otros factores relacionados con el estilo de vida. Material y métodos: es un estudio descriptivo transversal con 634 trabajadores que asistieron voluntariamente a consulta de un Dietista-Nutricionista dentro de su empresa. Se valoró: la condición nutricional mediante antropometría e impedancia, la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea por PRE-DIMED, y analíticas sanguíneas. Para el análisis estadístico se empleó IBM SPSS 24. Resultados y discusión: El 55,21% de la muestra tenía ex-ceso ponderal (40,22% de sobrepeso y 14,99% de obesidad) según el IMC; el 62,15% tenía un ICT> 0,50; entre el 55,52% y el 64,04% de los sujetos presentaron exceso de grasa corporal según criterios. El 29,34% tenía baja adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, estando asociada a un mayor índice de masa corporal y a elevada adiposidad relativa (p<0,001). El 39,27% eran sedentarios, coincidiendo con aquellos que tenían un índice de cintura talla e IMC más elevado. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad fue elevado, especialmente en hombres. Una mayor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea según el cuestionario PREDIMED, y mayor práctica de actividad física se asoció a mejor condición nutricional en general. Se destaca la importancia de la figura del Dietista-Nutricionista en las empresas para una adecuada educación alimentaria. (AU)

Background: Feeding habits and nutritional condition of workers must be considered in the workplace, with the aim of promoting a healthy lifestyle in preventing chronic diseases and improving the quality of life. Objectives: to know the nutritional status of a sample of workers in a company, along with their degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and other factors related to lifestyle. Methods: It is a cross-sectional descriptive study based on the data collection of 634 workers who voluntarily attended the consultation of a Dietitian-Nutritionist within your company. It has been evaluated: the nutritional status, adheren ceto the Mediterranean diet by the PREDIMED questionnaire, and other factors such as life style, blood tests and related pathologies. Results: The main reason for consultation was the nutritional assessment followed by weight loss and hypercholesterolemia. 55.21% of the sample had excess weight (40.22% overweight and 14.99% obesity) according to the BMI; 62.15% had an ICT> 0.50; 64.04% excess body fat according to Bray (17) and 55.52% according to Gallagher (18). In addition, 29.34% had low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Subjects with less adherence to this dietary pattern had higher BMI (P = 0.007) and percentage of body fat according to Bray (p = 0.007). 39.27% were sedentary, coinciding with those who had higher ICT (0.002) andhigher BMI (p = 0.003). Conclusion: the prevalence of overweight and obesity was alarmingly high, especially in men. Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet according to the PREDIMED questionnaire and greater practice of physical activity was associated with a better nutritional condition in general. The importance of the figure of the Dietitian-Nutritionist in the companies for a greater nutritional education stands out. (AU)

[Education facing risk consumption of alcoholic beverages - A proposal for interdisciplinary action from the health care professional]. / La educación ante el consumo de riesgo de bebidas alcohólicas: propuesta de actuación multidisciplinar desde el profesional de la salud.

INTRODUCTION: Educating and increasing awareness in the consumer to achieve a moderate alcohol consumption is key to promote a healthy lifestyle. Health care professionals (HCP), in particular community pharmacists and Primary Care (PC) physicians and nurses, are key influencers in the education to prevent risk behaviors. A consumer's poor knowledge of concepts such as standard unit, the recommendations on alcohol use, or the alcohol equivalence in the drinks consumed, can lead to a high-risk use, since "alcohol is alcohol" no matter what beverage contains it. Moreover, HCPs are usually not familiar with these concepts and with early detection tools such as the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). We propose a multidisciplinary approach (PC physicians and nurses, community pharmacy, dietists-nutritionists) to educate consumers on the risks associated with the use of alcohol, supported by the development of a protocol of action subscribed by the scientific societies of these professional groups, with the main objective of contributing to optimal and updated training for HCPs. Thus, this protocol of action aims to prevent risk behaviors through consumer education, and to detect high-risk alcohol use. Moreover, this multidisciplinary and coordinated approach should help to boost communication between the different collectives involved when providing relevant information to tackle risky alcohol use from PC.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Educar y sensibilizar al consumidor para moderar el consumo de alcohol es clave para potenciar un estilo de vida saludable. Los profesionales de la salud (PS) en general, y los farmacéuticos comunitarios o los médicos y enfermeros de Atención Primaria (AP) en particular, son influenciadores clave en la educación para prevenir conductas de riesgo. El desconocimiento por parte del consumidor de conceptos como la unidad de bebida estándar, las recomendaciones de consumo, o las equivalencias de alcohol en las bebidas consumidas, puede generar consumos de riesgo alto, dado que el alcohol es alcohol y no depende de la bebida que lo contiene. Asimismo, los PS no suelen estar familiarizados con estos conceptos y con el uso de herramientas para la detección precoz, como puede ser el cuestionario AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). Proponemos un abordaje multidisciplinar (médicos y enfermeros de AP, farmacia comunitaria, dietistas-nutricionistas) para educar al consumidor sobre el riesgo asociado al consumo de alcohol, sustentado en la elaboración de un protocolo de actuación consensuado entre las sociedades científicas de estos colectivos profesionales, cuyo objetivo fundamental es contribuir a la formación óptima y actualizada de los PS. Este protocolo de actuación pretende, por tanto, prevenir conductas de riesgo mediante la educación del consumidor y la detección de hábitos de consumo de alto riesgo. Asimismo, este abordaje multidisciplinar y coordinado debe servir para impulsar la comunicación entre los distintos colectivos a la hora de proporcionar información relevante para abordar el consumo de riesgo desde la AP de Salud.

The Influence of Donor Milk Supplementation on Duration of Parenteral Nutrition in Preterm Infants.

BACKGROUND: Data are limited on the association between the use of donor human milk and improvements in feeding tolerance. OBJECTIVE: To determine the influence of the duration of parenteral nutrition on the growth and morbidity of the breastfed newborn when using donated human milk in the absence of mother's own milk. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study before and after the intervention that compared two groups of newborns (N = 284; each group n = 142). We used a convenience sample of all newborns ≤32 weeks gestation consecutively admitted in a single unit before (Group 1 between December 2012 and May 2014) or after (Group 2 between October 2014 and December 2016) the availability of donor human milk. In Group 2, donor human milk was administered at least 3 to 4 weeks or until the baby weighed 1,500 g. Weight was recorded daily and length and head circumference weekly. Parenteral nutrition was continued until enteral feeding volume reached 120 ml/kg/day. Additional variables measured were the number of days with a central venous catheter, age that the enteral feeding volume reached 150 ml/kg/day, and duration of stay. RESULTS: The duration of parenteral feeding was the same before and after: 12 (8.23) and 11 (7.19) days (p = .822). The z scores for weight and height of newborns was lower in Group 2 = -1.8 (1.0) and -2.3 (1.1) and Group 1 = -1.2 (1.1) (p < .001) and -1.8 (1.4) (p = .005). CONCLUSION: We did not find an association between the administration of donor human milk as a supplement to mother's own milk and reduced number of days of parenteral nutrition. Back translation by Laurence Grummer-Strawn.

Valoración del estado nutricional y de hábitos y preferencias alimentarias en una población infanto-juvenil (7 a 16 años) de la Comunidad de Madrid / Assessment of nutritional status, and habits and food preferences in a child-youth population (7 to 16 years) of the Community of Madrid

Introducción: la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en la infancia y adolescencia en España es alarmante. El alto consumo de productos procesados de baja calidad nutricional pero alta densidad calórica, junto al sedentarismo, son dos de las principales causas. Objetivos: conocer la condición nutricional de una población de niños y adolescentes, y algunos de sus hábitos alimentarios, gustos y preferencias y práctica de actividad física. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal basado en una valoración antropométrica y encuesta sobre hábitos alimentarios y estilo de vida a 1.939 escolares de entre siete y 16 años de centros escolares de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se emplean índices actualizados como el índice de masa corporal (IMC) adaptado según los puntos de corte de cole y el índice cintura-talla (ICT), que presentan alta correlación con la adiposidad infantil. Resultados: las tasas de sobrepeso y obesidad son elevadas tanto en población infantil como adolescente. Cabe destacar que la obesidad abdominal según ICT representa un mayor porcentaje que la obesidad global diagnosticada con el IMC (sobrepeso + obesidad total según IMC: 27,23%; y según ICT: 35,17%). El sedentarismo es elevado (25,12%), así como el consumo de productos altamente calóricos pero de bajo valor nutricional tanto en desayuno como en media mañana y merienda. Conclusión: la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad es elevada, sobre todo a nivel abdominal, probablemente asociada al creciente consumo de productos ultraprocesados y a las altas tasas de sedentarismo. Se concluye la necesidad de desarrollar programas de prevención de obesidad y educación nutricional

Background: the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence in Spain is alarming. The high consumption of processed products of low nutritional quality but high caloric density, together with sedentary lifestyle, are two of the main causes. Objective: to know the nutritional status of a population of children and adolescents, and some of their eating habits, tastes and preferences, and physical activity practice. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study based on an anthropometric assessment and a survey on food habits and lifestyle in 1,939 schoolchildren between seven and 16 years of school age in the Community of Madrid. Updated indexes such as the body mass index (BMI) adapted according to the Cole cut-off points and the waist-height index (CTI), which have a high correlation with infant adiposity, are used. Results: the rates of overweight and obesity are high in both children and adolescents. It should be noted that abdominal obesity according to ICT represents a greater percentage than global obesity diagnosed with BMI (overweight + total obesity according to BMI: 27.23%, and according to ICT: 35.17%). The sedentariness is high (25.12%), as well as the consumption of highly caloric products, but of low nutritional value mainly at breakfast, mid-morning and snack. Conclusions: the prevalence of overweight and obesity is high, especially at the abdominal level, probably associated with the increasing consumption of ultra-processed products and the high rates of sedentary lifestyle. The conclusion is the need to develop programs to prevent obesity and nutritional education

[Assessment of nutritional status, and habits and food preferences in a child-youth population (7 to 16 years) of the Community of Madrid]. / Valoración del estado nutricional y de hábitos y preferencias alimentarias en una población infanto-juvenil (7 a 16 años) de la Comunidad de Madrid.

INTRODUCTION: Background: the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence in Spain is alarming. The high consumption of processed products of low nutritional quality but high caloric density, together with sedentary lifestyle, are two of the main causes. Objective: to know the nutritional status of a population of children and adolescents, and some of their eating habits, tastes and preferences, and physical activity practice. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study based on an anthropometric assessment and a survey on food habits and lifestyle in 1,939 schoolchildren between seven and 16 years of school age in the Community of Madrid. Updated indexes such as the body mass index (BMI) adapted according to the Cole cut-off points and the waist-height index (CTI), which have a high correlation with infant adiposity, are used. Results: the rates of overweight and obesity are high in both children and adolescents. It should be noted that abdominal obesity according to ICT represents a greater percentage than global obesity diagnosed with BMI (overweight + total obesity according to BMI: 27.23%, and according to ICT: 35.17%). The sedentariness is high (25.12%), as well as the consumption of highly caloric products, but of low nutritional value mainly at breakfast, mid-morning and snack. Conclusions: the prevalence of overweight and obesity is high, especially at the abdominal level, probably associated with the increasing consumption of ultra-processed products and the high rates of sedentary lifestyle. The conclusion is the need to develop programs to prevent obesity and nutritional education.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en la infancia y adolescencia en España es alarmante. El alto consumo de productos procesados de baja calidad nutricional pero alta densidad calórica, junto al sedentarismo, son dos de las principales causas. Objetivos: conocer la condición nutricional de una población de niños y adolescentes, y algunos de sus hábitos alimentarios, gustos y preferencias y práctica de actividad física. Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal basado en una valoración antropométrica y encuesta sobre hábitos alimentarios y estilo de vida a 1.939 escolares de entre siete y 16 años de centros escolares de la Comunidad de Madrid. Se emplean índices actualizados como el índice de masa corporal (IMC) adaptado según los puntos de corte de cole y el índice cintura-talla (ICT), que presentan alta correlación con la adiposidad infantil. Resultados: las tasas de sobrepeso y obesidad son elevadas tanto en población infantil como adolescente. Cabe destacar que la obesidad abdominal según ICT representa un mayor porcentaje que la obesidad global diagnosticada con el IMC (sobrepeso + obesidad total según IMC: 27,23%; y según ICT: 35,17%). El sedentarismo es elevado (25,12%), así como el consumo de productos altamente calóricos pero de bajo valor nutricional tanto en desayuno como en media mañana y merienda. Conclusión: la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad es elevada, sobre todo a nivel abdominal, probablemente asociada al creciente consumo de productos ultraprocesados y a las altas tasas de sedentarismo. Se concluye la necesidad de desarrollar programas de prevención de obesidad y educación nutricional.

[Short, medium and long-term benefits of human milk intake in very-low-birth-weight infants]. / Beneficios a corto, medio y largo plazo de la ingesta de leche humana en recién nacidos de muy bajo peso.

AIM: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of human milk feeding during the first weeks of life in very low birth weight infants on weight gain at discharge, length of hospitalization, postmenstrual age at discharge and nutritional assessment, growth and neurodevelopment at two and five years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Longitudinal study of very-low-birth-weight infants (< 1,500 grams) admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of La Paz University Hospital, from January 1st 2009 to December 31st 2009, followed in the follow-up clinic. Their parents agreed to perform a more exhaustive anthropometric study at five years, classified according to the type of feeding at the time of discharge (exclusive human milk, formula milk or mixed). Initial hospital duration and anthropometry at discharge were evaluated. At two years of age, anthropometric data (weight, height and head circumference) were collected and neurodevelopment was assessed according to the Bayley scale of child development. Data at five years were collected prospectively. Measurements of weight, height and head circumference, waist circumference, hip, relaxed and contracted arm, thigh and middle leg, bicipital, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and leg skin folds were performed. For patients older than five years, the Kaufman test battery for children was used. The effect of human milk on the variables of interest was investigated using a multivariate analysis correcting for gestational age and weight at birth. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-two infants born in 2009 were discharged from our unit: exclusive breast milk (59), formula (55) or mixed milk (38). More detailed follow-up was carried out for 61 of them. Human milk during the first admission decreases the initial hospital stay, and is associated with a higher head circumference at two and five years, and a better score in the global and verbal cognitive area at five years. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that maternal milk feeding during initial admission should be encouraged because it can improve neurodevelopment at five years of age.

Beneficios a corto, medio y largo plazo de la ingesta de leche humana en recién nacidos de muy bajo peso / Short, medium and long-term benefits of human milk intake in very-low-birth-weight infants

Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar el efecto de la alimentación con leche materna durante las primeras semanas de vida en los recién nacidos de muy bajo peso sobre: la ganancia ponderal en el momento del alta, la duración de la estancia hospitalaria, la edad posmenstrual al alta y el estado nutricional, el crecimiento y el neurodesarrollo a los dos y cinco años. Material y métodos: estudio longitudinal de recién nacidos de muy bajo peso al nacer (< 1.500 gramos), ingresados en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales del Hospital Universitario La Paz del 1 de enero de 2009 al 31 de diciembre de 2009, cuyo seguimiento se está realizando en la consulta de Neonatología y sus padres aceptaron realizar un estudio antropométrico más exhaustivo a los cinco años, teniendo en cuenta la ingesta al alta de leche materna exclusiva, leche de fórmula o mixta. Se evaluaron la estancia hospitalaria y la antropometría al alta. A los dos años de edad se recogieron datos antropométricos (peso, talla y perímetro cefálico) y se realizó valoración del neurodesarrollo según la escala de Bayley II de desarrollo infantil. Los datos a los cinco años fueron recogidos prospectivamente. Se realizaron medidas de peso, talla y perímetro cefálico, perímetros de cintura, cadera, brazo relajado y contraído, muslo y pierna media, pliegues bicipitales, tricipital, subescapular, suprailiaco y pierna. Para los pacientes mayores de cinco años, se utilizó la batería de evaluación de Kaufman para niños. El efecto de la ingesta de leche materna en las variables de interés se investigó usando un análisis multivariante corrigiendo por edad gestacional y peso de recién nacido. Resultados: ciento cincuenta y dos niños fueron dados de alta: leche materna exclusiva (59), leche de fórmula (55) o mixta (38). A 61 de ellos se les realizó un seguimiento más exhaustivo. La ingesta de leche materna durante el primer ingreso disminuye la estancia hospitalaria inicial, y se asocia con mayor perímetro cefálico a los dos y a los cinco años y mejor puntuación en el área cognitiva global y verbal a los cinco años. Conclusiones: nuestros resultados sugieren que la alimentación con leche de la propia madre durante el ingreso inicial debe ser fomentada porque puede mejorar el neurodesarrollo a los cinco años de edad (AU)

Aim: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of human milk feeding during the first weeks of life in very low birth weight infants on weight gain at discharge, length of hospitalization, postmenstrual age at discharge and nutritional assessment, growth and neurodevelopment at two and five years. Material and methods: Longitudinal study of very-low-birth-weight infants (< 1,500 grams) admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of La Paz University Hospital, from January 1st 2009 to December 31st 2009, followed in the follow-up clinic. Their parents agreed to perform a more exhaustive anthropometric study at five years, classified according to the type of feeding at the time of discharge (exclusive human milk, formula milk or mixed). Initial hospital duration and anthropometry at discharge were evaluated. At two years of age, anthropometric data (weight, height and head circumference) were collected and neurodevelopment was assessed according to the Bayley scale of child development. Data at five years were collected prospectively. Measurements of weight, height and head circumference, waist circumference, hip, relaxed and contracted arm, thigh and middle leg, bicipital, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac and leg skin folds were performed. For patients older than five years, the Kaufman test battery for children was used. The effect of human milk on the variables of interest was investigated using a multivariate analysis correcting for gestational age and weight at birth. Results: One hundred and fifty-two infants born in 2009 were discharged from our unit: exclusive breast milk (59), formula (55) or mixed milk (38). More detailed follow-up was carried out for 61 of them. Human milk during the first admission decreases the initial hospital stay, and is associated with a higher head circumference at two and five years, and a better score in the global and verbal cognitive area at five years. Conclusions: Our results suggest that maternal milk feeding during initial admission should be encouraged because it can improve neurodevelopment at five years of age (AU)

Referencias para dinamometría manual en función de la estatura en edad pediátrica y adolescente / Hand grip dynamometry references by height ranges in pediatric and adolescent age

Antecedentes y objetivo: La dinamometría de la mano es una prueba funcional recomendada en la evaluación nutricional. Suele expresarse en función de la edad pero durante el crecimiento, incluso a la misma edad, varía el tamaño corporal. El objetivo del presente trabajo es aportar referencias de la fuerza de la mano en función de la talla. Sujetos y método: La muestra consta de 1.798 escolares entre 6 y 15 años. Se midió la talla, el peso y la fuerza de ambas manos. La dinamometría media (DM) se expresó en función de la estatura y se obtuvieron ecuaciones predictivas. La estadística descriptiva, comparativa y el análisis de regresión se efectuaron con el SPSS 21.0 Resultados: Se aportan referencias percentilares para la DM por categorías de talla en rangos de 5 cm. Las fórmulas obtenidas a partir del modelo de regresión (varones: DM = 0,207*peso + 0,621*talla - 71,461; mujeres DM=0,258*peso + 0,394*talla - 43,967) fueron validadas con la mitad de la muestra. Conclusiones: Las ecuaciones predictivas que se aportan en este trabajo permiten estimar la DM a partir del peso y la estatura con independencia de la edad (AU)

Background and objectives: Hand grip dynamometry is a functional test recommended in the nutritional assessment. Usually it is expressed in terms of age but during growth even at the same age, body size varies. The aim of this study is to provide references of hand strength depending on the height. Subjects and method: The sample consists of 1,798 students between 6 and 15 years. Height, weight and strength of both hands were measured. The mean dynamometry (MD) was expressed in terms of height and predictive equations were obtained. Descriptive statistics, comparative and regression analysis were performed using SPSS 21.0 Results: Percentile references for MD are provided by height categories in ranges of 5 cm. The obtained formulas from the regression model (males: MD = 0.207 * 0.621 * weight + size - 71.461; females: MD = 0.258 * 0.394 * weight + size - 43.967) were validated in half of the sample. Conclusions: The predictive equations given in this paper allow estimating MD from weight and height independently of age (AU)

El índice cintura-talla es un eficaz indicador antropométrico de la hipertensión en escolares / The waist to height ratio is an effective anthropometric indicator of hypertension in schoolchildren

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Prevalencia del fenotipo metabólicamente sano entre españoles adultos con exceso de peso / Prevalence of the metabolically healthy phenotype in overweight and obese spanish adults

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Eating habits and preferences among the student population of the Complutense University of Madrid.

OBJECTIVE: Studying eating habits can aid in the design of specific measures that reduce the negative effects of an unhealthy diet on health. In this context, the aim of the present study was to examine the eating habits and food preferences of students and their level of satisfaction with the catering services of the university. DESIGN: Survey conducted during 2011 using a questionnaire that asked participants abut their sex, age and frequency of use of catering services placed on campus. Participants were also asked about their level of satisfaction with five aspects (hygiene, quality, taste of food, price and convenience of facilities) of the university catering services, what their preferred dishes were and whether they followed a special diet. SETTING: Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. SUBJECTS: Nine hundred and sixty-four students (381 males; 583 females). RESULTS: The students used the university food service 2·3 (sd 1·3) times/week. With respect to satisfaction level, 44·1 % gave an average score (3) to the combination of surveyed aspects (hygiene, quality, taste of food, price and comfort of the dining rooms). Regarding food choices, 61·0 % of students preferred pasta dishes, followed by meat (59·1 %) and salads (32·5 %). The least popular dishes were vegetables (16·8 %), fruits (13·6 %), milk products (12·2 %) and legumes (9·8 %). Of the students, 20·1 % followed special diets. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of satisfaction with the university meal service was low and the most common choices of dishes and foods among students were far from the guidelines of the Mediterranean diet. It is necessary to extend policies related to diet to this sector of the population and also to the management and food offer of university canteens.

Mitos y errores en el diseño de dietas para la recuperacion de un peso saludable / No disponible

Se ha realizado un estudio crítico de los principales gruposde dietas milagro o mágicas, de su aparición, del por quétienen una gran incidencia en muchos núcleos de la población,haciendo especial mención de los errores más gravesque existen en las de mayor significación y llegando a laconclusión de que no son útiles y debemos luchar para queno tengan la importancia que hoy por hoy poseen(AU)

There have carried out a critical study of the principalgroups of diets miracle or magic, of their appearance, ofwhy they have a great incident in many nucleuses of thepopulation, doing special mention of the most seriousmistakes that exist in those of major meaning and comingto the conclusion from that are not useful and that we mustfight in order that they do not have the importance thattoday they possess(AU)

[Nutritional analysis of 25 heart transplanted patients]. / Análisis nutricional de 25 pacientes con trasplante de corazón.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Malnutrition could be very important in patients under surgery. Moreover, the immunosuppressive therapy can cause metabolic and nutritional disorders to the transplanted patients. The aim of this study was to obtain information about the nutritional situation of the cardiac transplanted patients with biochemical and anthropometric parameters. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A retrospective descriptive transversal study. We reviewed clinic records of cardiac transplanted patients between 2004 and 2005. Biochemical and anthropometric parameters recorded before surgery, in the intensive care unit and at the hospital discharge. RESULTS: At discharge, there is a decrease of the following parameters: albumin, 68%; creatinine, 68%; proteins, 92%, and body mass index, 64%; whereas one year after discharge an increase of the body mass index was observed (60%). It was observed that 36% of the patients presented high results of triglycerides, after both a month and a year after discharge. The percentage is of 32% of glucose and between 52% and 24% for cholesterol, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In patients submitted to cardiac transplantation, there is a tendency for a damaged nutritional situation, both at discharge and after a year. It is important to point out the need for a nutritional education to decrease possible complications.

Análisis nutricional de 25 pacientes con trasplante de corazón / Nutritional analysis of 25 heart transplanted patients

Fundamento y objetivo: En los pacientes quirúrgicos la desnutrición puede ser de gran importancia. Además, el tratamiento inmunodepresor que reciben los receptores de trasplante puede originar una serie de alteraciones nutricionales y metabólicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es obtener información sobre el estado nutricional del paciente con trasplante cardíaco valorando distintos parámetros bioquímicos y antropométricos. Pacientes y método: Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo de tipo descriptivo y transversal. Se utilizaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes que habían recibido un trasplante cardíaco durante 2004-2005. Se midieron parámetros bioquímicos y antropométricos en el preoperatorio, al alta de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, al alta hospitalaria y al año. Resultados: Hubo una disminución de los valores referidos al alta hospitalaria: un 88% para la albúmina, un 68% para creatinina, un 92% para proteínas y un 64% para el índice de masa corporal. En cambio, al año del alta se observó un aumento significativo del índice de masa corporal (60%). Un 36% de los pacientes presentaba valores elevados de triglicéridos, tanto al mes como al año del alta hospitalaria; el porcentaje fue de un 32% en el caso de la glucosa y entre un 52 y un 24% para el colesterol, respectivamente. Conclusiones: En el estado nutricional del paciente con trasplante cardíaco se observa en el momento del alta hospitalaria una tendencia al deterioro, que se prolonga hasta el año. Al año del alta hospitalaria aumentan la obesidad y ciertos parámetros relacionados con el riesgo cardiovascular. Una vez más, se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de una educación nutricional que conduzca a la disminución de posibles complicaciones, teniendo en cuenta la medicación prescrita

Background and objective: Malnutrition could be very important in patients under surgery. Moreover, the immunosuppressive therapy can cause metabolic and nutritional disorders to the transplanted patients. The aim of this study was to obtain information about the nutritional situation of the cardiac transplanted patients with biochemical and anthropometric parameters. Patients and method: A retrospective descriptive transversal study. We reviewed clinic records of cardiac transplanted patients between 2004 and 2005. Biochemical and anthropometric parameters recorded before surgery, in the intensive care unit and at the hospital discharge. Results: At discharge, there is a decrease of the following parameters: albumin, 68%; creatinine, 68%; proteins, 92%, and body mass index, 64%; whereas one year after discharge an increase of the body mass index was observed (60%). It was observed that 36% of the patients presented high results of triglycerides, after both a month and a year after discharge. The percentage is of 32% of glucose and between 52% and 24% for cholesterol, respectively. Conclusions: In patients submitted to cardiac transplantation, there is a tendency for a damaged nutritional situation, both at discharge and after a year. It is important to point out the need for a nutritional education to decrease possible complications

Publicidad de alcohol y tabaco en revistas de divulgación científica españolas / Advertising of alcohol and tobacco in Spanish scientific magazines

Objetivo: comparar diversos aspectos de la publicidadsobre tabaco y bebidas alcohólicas aparecidaen revistas de divulgación científica españolas.Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivotransversal analizando la publicidad de variasrevistas durante cuatro años.Resultados: la publicidad de tabaco y alcohol ocupabacasi un 32% de la superficie total de las revistasestudiadas. Predominaba la publicidad debebidas de alta graduación como el whisky, situándosela cerveza entre las que menos espacios publicitariosutiliza.Conclusiones: las revistas de divulgación científicadedican un tercio de su superficie a la publicidad,predominando la de bebidas alcohólicas frente altabaco, aspecto que justifica la necesidad urgentede desarrollar la capacidad de análisis y del espíritucrítico de los consumidores ante la publicidad

Objective: to compare the different aspects of theadvertising of tobacco and alcoholic beverages inSpanish scientific magazines.Material and method: This transversal descriptivestudy analyses the advertising appearing in severalmagazines over a 4-year period.Results: the advertising of tobacco and alcohol occupiednearly a 32% of the total surface of the studiedmagazines. High content beverages such aswhisky were predominant, being beer the least advertisedbeverage.Conclusions: scientific magazines dedicate a thirdof their surface to advertising, with a predominanceof alcoholic beverages vs tobacco. This justifiesthe urgent need to develop the capacity for analysisand critical spirit of consumers in the light ofthis advertising bombardment