Prognostic Potential of Postoperative 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT in Patients With High-Grade Glioma. Clinical Validation of FuMeGA Postoperative PET Criteria.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic performance of postoperative 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT in patients with high-grade glioma (HGG). METHODS: Patients with HGG who underwent preoperative and postoperative 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT were prospectively enrolled in the study. Postoperative MRI was classified as complete versus incomplete resection. Postoperative 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT was classified as negative (complete) or positive for metabolic residual tumor (incomplete resection) using a 5-point score system. The correlation of positive locations on PET/CT with the sites of subsequent tumor recurrence was evaluated. The concordance of postoperative imaging techniques (Cohen κ) and their relation with progression-free survival and overall survival were assessed using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-one studies, belonging to 47 patients, were assessed. Four patients underwent 2 postoperative 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT scans as they needed a second tumor resection for recurrence. In the follow-up, 42 patients progressed, and 37 died. Concordance between postoperative PET/CT and MRI assessment was poor. Resection grade on MRI did not show any significant association with prognosis. In multivariate analysis, only age and postoperative PET/CT showed significant association with progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.03 [1.01-1.06, P = 0.006] and 1.88 [0.96-3.71, P = 0.067], respectively) and overall survival (HR, 1.04 [1.01-1.07, P = 0.004] and 2.63 [1.22-5.68, P = 0.014], respectively). Postoperative positive 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT locations correlated with the sites of subsequent tumor recurrence in 81.82% of cases. CONCLUSION: Postoperative 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT seems superior to postoperative MRI in the outcome prediction of patients with HGG, outperforming it in the identification of the most probable location of tumor recurrence.

Metabolic targeting can improve the efficiency of brain tumor biopsies.

Brain tumors comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases, featuring different biology, prognosis, and treatment. The most known forms are malignant gliomas and metastases. Brain biopsy is a recognized technique in the management of intracranial space-occupying lesions and tumors in particular. Tumor heterogeneity of malignant brain lesions has been described and can lead to significant sampling errors in stereotactic biopsy. Different methods have been used to perform biopsies, including biopsy guided by CT or RMI, echoguided or stereotactic. The choice of the target with the help of PET and MRI with spectroscopy allows one to identify metabolically more active areas of the tumor, and in this way reduce the rate of negative results.

FuMeGA Criteria for Visual Assessment of Postoperative 18F-Fluorocholine PET in Patients With Glioma.

Postoperative assessment is crucial in the imaging follow-up and prognosis in patients with glioma. Whereas grade of resection is defined attending to the gadolinium enhancement in early postoperative MRI, no metabolical criteria exist for postoperative PET interpretation. Based on our prospective and multicenter FuMeGA (Functional and Metabolic Glioma Analysis) ongoing study, we propose criteria for the visual interpretation of F-fluorocholine PET scans in patients undergoing brain tumor resection. The different imaging characteristics between MRI and PET may explain the discordances regarding to the postresection status with both techniques.

18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT in the Prediction of Molecular Subtypes and Prognosis for Gliomas.

AIM: To study the association of metabolic features of F-fluorocholine in gliomas with histopathological and molecular parameters, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). METHODS: Prospective multicenter and nonrandomized study (Functional and Metabolic Glioma Analysis). Patients underwent a basal F-fluorocholine PET/CT and were included after histological confirmation of glioma. Histological and molecular profile was assessed: grade, Ki-67, isocitrate dehydrogenase status and 1p/19q codeletion. Patients underwent standard treatment after surgery or biopsy, depending on their clinical situation. Overall survival and PFS were obtained after follow-up. After tumor segmentation of PET images, SUV and volume-based variables, sphericity, surface, coefficient of variation, and multilesionality were obtained. Relations of metabolic variables with histological, molecular profile and prognosis were evaluated using Pearson χ and t test. Receiver operator caracteristic curves were used to obtain the cutoff of PET variables. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Forty-five patients were assessed; 38 were diagnosed as having high-grade gliomas. Significant differences of SUV-based variables with isocitrate dehydrogenase status, tumor grade, and Ki-67 were found. Tumor grade, Ki-67, SUVmax, and SUVmean were related to progression. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significant associations of SUVmax, SUVmean, and multilesionaly with OS and PFS. SUVmean, sphericity, and multilesionality were independent predictors of OS and PFS in Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic information obtained from F-fluorocholine PET of patients with glioma may be useful in the prediction of tumor biology and patient prognosis.

Is It Possible to Establish the Extent of Resection of Glioblastoma With 18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT?

Defining high-grade glioma resectability is a challenge; and currently, it is based on anatomical imaging. However, complete removal of contrast-enhancing tumor is difficult to define in MRI. We present three cases of patients diagnosed with high-grade glioma. Brain MRI and F-fluorocholine PET/CT were performed before and after surgery to establish the extent of resection (EOR) and residual volume. Postoperative brain MRI and PET parameters showed discordant results in all the reported cases. PET was able to assess properly the EOR; however, the rules for the EOR establishment and its prognostic implication should be validated in prospective studies.

18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT, Brain MRI, and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for the Assessment of Tumor Resection in High-Grade Glioma.

High-grade glioma is a very aggressive and infiltrative tumor in which complete resection is a chance for a better outcome. We present the case of a 57-year-old man with a brain lesion suggestive of high-grade glioma. Brain MRI and F-fluorocholine PET/CT were performed previously to plan the surgery. Surgery was microscope assisted after the administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid. Postsurgery brain MRI and PET were blind evaluated to the surgery results and reported as probably gross total resection.

[Establishment of a modified surgical safety checklist for the neurosurgical patient: Initial experience in 400 cases]. / Implantación de la lista de verificación quirúrgica de la Organización Mundial de la Salud modificada para el paciente neuroquirúrgico: experiencia inicial en 400 casos.

INTRODUCTION: Adverse events during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and medical errors associated with them are an important source of patient morbidity. In an attempt to reduce these, the WHO has proposed a series of measures applicable to medical and surgical patients. Within these last ones is the surgical safety checklist (SSC), a brief questionnaire that does not increase healthcare costs, is accessible to all surgical centres and can be adapted to each specific environment. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of establishing a modified WHO SSC on the safety and quality of care of the neurosurgical patient in a third-level university hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The SSC was applied to a series of 400 scheduled surgeries between May 2009 and May 2010. During the initial 6 months, 183 surgical procedures were performed (group 1). All adverse events detected in this period were studied with a root-cause analysis methodology (RCA) and, according to its results, corrective measures were introduced. After that, 217 procedures were performed (group 2). RESULTS: We recorded 51 events in 44 surgeries (11%). We were able to correct 88.23% of them before surgery was initiated, avoiding any consequence in the normal management of the case. In Group 1, incidents were noted in 15.3% of the procedures. The RCA suggested that 37.8% of the events had a human cause, followed by problems related to material resources and equipment in 29.7%, and organisational reasons in 21.6%. Incidence of events was reduced in group 2 to 7.4% (P=.01). Corrective measures prevented the appearance of perioperative events in 1 out of 13 procedures. CONCLUSIONS: The SSC is an effective tool for improving safety in neurosurgical patients, which can be established in surgical departments of any hospital without increasing healthcare costs or operative time.

[Penetrating spinal injury with glass fragments causing CSF leak: case report]. / Fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo secundaria a traumatismo medular por cristales: a propósito de un caso.

Penetrating injuries to the spine are important causes of spinal cord traumatism. There are two varieties: gunshot or stab wounds. Within the second category, sharp knifelike objects and, rarely, glass are found. This article presents a case of penetrating glass injury to the lumbar spine in an 18-year-old girl, with the migration of pieces of glass within muscles and spinous process until reaching the dural sac.

Implantación de la lista de verificación quirúrgica de la Organización Mundial de la Salud modificada para el paciente neuroquirúrgico: experiencia inicial en 400 casos / Establishment of a modified surgical safety checklist for the neurosurgical patient: Initial experience in 400 cases

Introducción: Las complicaciones de los procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos, así como los errores asociados a éstos, son una causa importante de morbilidad. En un intento de minimizarlos, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) ha propuesto una serie de medidas aplicables tanto a pacientes médicos como quirúrgicos. Entre estas últimas destaca la lista de verificación quirúrgica (LVQ), un breve cuestionario que, sin incrementar el gasto hospitalario, resulta accesible a todos los centros quirúrgicos y es adaptable a las necesidades de cada uno de ellos. Objetivos: Valorar la efectividad de la implantación de la LVQ de la OMS modificada en la mejora de la seguridad del paciente neuroquirúrgico y de la calidad de su atención en un hospital universitario de tercer nivel. Material y métodos: La LVQ fue aplicada a una serie de 400 cirugías programadas entre mayo de 2009 y mayo de 2010. Durante los primeros 6 meses se realizaron 183 procedimientos quirúrgicos (grupo 1). Los incidentes detectados durante este período fueron sometidos a un análisis causa-raíz (ACR), introduciéndose medidas correctoras de acuerdo con sus resultados. Doscientas diecisiete cirugías fueron realizadas en los 6 meses posteriores (grupo 2).Resultados: Aparecieron 51 incidencias que afectaron a 44 procedimientos (11%). El 88,2% de estas incidencias pudieron ser subsanadas precozmente, sin repercusión sobre la cirugía. En el grupo 1 se produjeron incidencias en el 15,3% de las intervenciones. El ACR demostró causas-raíz de origen humano en el 37,8%, problemas de equipamiento (..) (AU)

Introduction: Adverse events during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures and medical errors associated with them are an important source of patient morbidity. In an attempt to reduce these, the WHO has proposed a series of measures applicable to medical and surgical patients. Within these last ones is the surgical safety checklist (SSC), a brief questionnaire that does not increase healthcare costs, is accessible to all surgical centres and can be adapted to each specific environment. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of establishing a modified WHO SSC on the safety and quality of care of the neurosurgical patient in a third-level university hospital. Material and methods: The SSC was applied to a series of 400 scheduled surgeries between May 2009 and May 2010. During the initial 6 months, 183 surgical procedures were performed (group 1). All adverse events detected in this period were studied with a root-cause analysis methodology (RCA) and, according to its results, corrective measures were introduced. After that, 217 procedures were performed (group 2).Results: We recorded 51 events in 44 surgeries (11%). We were able to correct 88.23% of them before surgery was initiated, avoiding any (..) (AU)

Fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo secundaria a traumatismo medular por cristales: a propósito de un caso / Penetrating spinal injury with glass fragments causing CSF leak: case report

Las lesiones penetrantes de la médula espinal son una causa importante de traumatismo medular. Hay 2 causas destacables: las armas de fuego y los objetos punzantes. Dentro de los objetos punzantes, destacan el arma blanca o raramente los cristales. Presentamos un caso de traumatismo penetrante en una paciente de 18 años, con migración de trozos de cristal a través del músculo y la apófisis espinosa hasta llegar a contactar con el saco dural (AU)

Penetrating injuries to the spine are important causes of spinal cord traumatism. There are two varieties: gunshot or stab wounds. Within the second category, sharp knifelike objects and, rarely, glass are found. This article presents a case of penetrating glass injury to the lumbar spine in an 18-year-old girl, with the migration of pieces of glass within muscles and spinous process until reaching the dural sac (AU)