RESUMO
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected disease caused by an intracellular parasite of the Leishmania genus. CL lacks tools that allow its understanding and treatment follow-up. This article presents the use of metrical and optical tools for the analysis of the temporal evolution of treated skin ulcers caused by CL in an animal model. Leishmania braziliensis and L. panamensis were experimentally inoculated in golden hamsters, which were treated with experimental and commercial drugs. The temporal evolution was monitored by means of ulcers' surface areas, as well as absorption and scattering optical parameters. Ulcers' surface areas were obtained via photogrammetry, which is a procedure that allowed for 3D modeling of the ulcer using specialized software. Optical parameters were obtained from a spectroscopy study, representing the cutaneous tissue's biological components. A one-way ANOVA analysis was conducted to identify relationships between both the ulcers' areas and optical parameters. As a result, ulcers' surface areas were found to be related to the following optical parameters: epidermis thickness, collagen, keratinocytes, volume-fraction of blood, and oxygen saturation. This study is a proof of concept that shows that optical parameters could be associated with metrical ones, giving a more reliable concept during the assessment of a skin ulcer's healing.
Assuntos
Leishmaniose Cutânea , Úlcera Cutânea , Cricetinae , Animais , Úlcera , Leishmaniose Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Pele , Úlcera Cutânea/tratamento farmacológico , Úlcera Cutânea/parasitologia , Mesocricetus , Modelos Animais de DoençasRESUMO
Abstract Objective: Derive filtered tungsten X-ray spectra used in digital mammography systems by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Materials and Methods: Filtered spectra for rhodium filter were obtained for tube potentials between 26 and 32 kV. The half-value layer (HVL) of simulated filtered spectra were compared with those obtained experimentally with a solid state detector Unfors model 8202031-H Xi R/F & MAM Detector Platinum and 8201023-C Xi Base unit Platinum Plus w mAs in a Hologic Selenia Dimensions system using a direct radiography mode. Results: Calculated HVL values showed good agreement as compared with those obtained experimentally. The greatest relative difference between the Monte Carlo calculated HVL values and experimental HVL values was 4%. Conclusion: The results show that the filtered tungsten anode X-ray spectra and the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code can be used for mean glandular dose determination in mammography.
Resumo Objetivo: Derivar espectros filtrados de raios X de tungstênio utilizados em sistemas de mamografia digital por meio de simulações Monte Carlo. Materiais e Métodos: Espectros filtrados por filtro de ródio foram obtidos para potenciais do tubo entre 26 e 32 kV. Os valores de camada semirredutora (CSR) dos espectros filtrados simulados foram comparados aos valores obtidos experimentalmente com um detector de estado sólido Unfors modelo 8202031-H Xi R/F & MAM Detector Platinum e unidade base 8201023-C Xi Platinum Plus w mAs em um sistema Hologic Selenia Dimensions utilizado no modo radiografia direta. Resultados: Os valores de CSR calculados mostraram boa concordância quando comparados com os valores obtidos experimentalmente. A maior diferença relativa entre os valores de CSR calculados com Monte Carlo e os valores de CSR experimentais foi 4%. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram que os espectros filtrados de raios X de ânodo de tungstênio e o código de Monte Carlo EGSnrc podem ser utilizados para determinar a dose glandular média em mamografia.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Derive filtered tungsten X-ray spectra used in digital mammography systems by means of Monte Carlo simulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Filtered spectra for rhodium filter were obtained for tube potentials between 26 and 32 kV. The half-value layer (HVL) of simulated filtered spectra were compared with those obtained experimentally with a solid state detector Unfors model 8202031-H Xi R/F & MAM Detector Platinum and 8201023-C Xi Base unit Platinum Plus w mAs in a Hologic Selenia Dimensions system using a direct radiography mode. RESULTS: Calculated HVL values showed good agreement as compared with those obtained experimentally. The greatest relative difference between the Monte Carlo calculated HVL values and experimental HVL values was 4%. CONCLUSION: The results show that the filtered tungsten anode X-ray spectra and the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code can be used for mean glandular dose determination in mammography.
OBJETIVO: Derivar espectros filtrados de raios X de tungstênio utilizados em sistemas de mamografia digital por meio de simulações Monte Carlo. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Espectros filtrados por filtro de ródio foram obtidos para potenciais do tubo entre 26 e 32 kV. Os valores de camada semirredutora (CSR) dos espectros filtrados simulados foram comparados aos valores obtidos experimentalmente com um detector de estado sólido Unfors modelo 8202031-H Xi R/F & MAM Detector Platinum e unidade base 8201023-C Xi Platinum Plus w mAs em um sistema Hologic Selenia Dimensions utilizado no modo radiografia direta. RESULTADOS: Os valores de CSR calculados mostraram boa concordância quando comparados com os valores obtidos experimentalmente. A maior diferença relativa entre os valores de CSR calculados com Monte Carlo e os valores de CSR experimentais foi 4%. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstram que os espectros filtrados de raios X de ânodo de tungstênio e o código de Monte Carlo EGSnrc podem ser utilizados para determinar a dose glandular média em mamografia.
