Author Correction: Global phylogenetic analysis of Escherichia coli and plasmids carrying the mcr-1 gene indicates bacterial diversity but plasmid restriction.

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Global phylogenetic analysis of Escherichia coli and plasmids carrying the mcr-1 gene indicates bacterial diversity but plasmid restriction.

To understand the dynamics behind the worldwide spread of the mcr-1 gene, we determined the population structure of Escherichia coli and of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying the mcr-1 gene. After a systematic review of the literature we included 65 E. coli whole genome sequences (WGS), adding 6 recently sequenced travel related isolates, and 312 MLST profiles. We included 219 MGEs described in 7 Enterobacteriaceae species isolated from human, animal and environmental samples. Despite a high overall diversity, 2 lineages were observed in the E. coli population that may function as reservoirs of the mcr-1 gene, the largest of which was linked to ST10, a sequence type known for its ubiquity in human faecal samples and in food samples. No genotypic clustering by geographical origin or isolation source was observed. Amongst a total of 13 plasmid incompatibility types, the IncI2, IncX4 and IncHI2 plasmids accounted for more than 90% of MGEs carrying the mcr-1 gene. We observed significant geographical clustering with regional spread of IncHI2 plasmids in Europe and IncI2 in Asia. These findings point towards promiscuous spread of the mcr-1 gene by efficient horizontal gene transfer dominated by a limited number of plasmid incompatibility types.

Ambulatory haemorrhoidectomy by laser CO2

A prospective study of ambulatory CO2 laser hemorrhoidectomy. 295 consecutive patients (147 males, 148 females), mean age of 39 years (18-72), 97 cases of them (41 circumferential hemorrhoids, 56 piles) were strict follow-up from 3 months to one year. All had been operated by “restricted and pile-size hemorrhoidectomy” technique and performed with CO2¬ laser. Less operative bleeding (about 90% <20 ml), operating faster (average: 23.58 min), less painful (78.4% degree A + B), none post - op, hemorrhage, mean wound healing within 4 weeks, none late complication (anal fissure, fistula, deformity...) and recurrence. Hemorrhoidectomy using CO2 laser and author’s technique is safe, effective and no-hospitalization.

Efficacy and tolerance of GINKOR FORT in the treatment of quite

109 patients (male: 60) with ages of 18-80 suffering the previous untreated acute haemorrhoid (congestive symptoms, no complication) administrated Ginkor fort at dose of 2 tablets x 3 times within the first 2 days and 2 tablets x 2 times a day within following 4 days. The results have shown that Ginkor fort had a rapid analgesic effect (55% of patient with pain free). The drug improved obviously the bleeding, even no bleeding (87.1%). 78.9% of patients had no pain at the sixth day. 94.5% of patients had obvious pain relief or bleeding reduction. There was a difference of these between the second day and sixth day. The itching, desire for movement and leakage improved among 80% of patient in the sixth day. The rate of good tolerance of Ginkor fort was 97.2%.

Circumferential haemorrhoidectomy by laser CO2

Purpose: Estimate the results of circumferential haemorrhoidectomy with laser CO2. Methods: A prospective study of 228 patients with circumferential haemorrhoids. All had been operated by "restricted and pilesize heamorrhoidectomy" technique and performed with laser CO2. Follow up 1 year to over 5 years. Results: less operative bleeding, operating faster, less post-op, painful and heamorrhage, mean wound healing within 24 days, short hospitalization, none late complication (anal fissura, fistula, whitehead deformity...) and recurrence. Conclusion: Circumferential heamorrhoidectomy using laser CO2 and author's technique is safe, effective and quick recover.