Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 10 de 10
Filtrar
Mais filtros










Base de dados
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Antibiotics (Basel) ; 13(5)2024 Apr 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38786129

RESUMO

The ESKAPE group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp.) is a group of bacteria very difficult to treat due to their high ability to acquire resistance to antibiotics and are the main cause of nosocomial infections worldwide, posing a threat to global public health. Nosocomial infections with MDR bacteria are found mainly in Intensive Care Units, due to the multitude of maneuvers and invasive medical devices used, the prolonged antibiotic treatments, the serious general condition of these critical patients, and the prolonged duration of hospitalization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a period of one year, from January 2023 to December 2023, this cross-sectional study was conducted on patients diagnosed with sepsis admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of the Sibiu County Emergency Clinical Hospital. Samples taken were tracheal aspirate, catheter tip, pharyngeal exudate, wound secretion, urine culture, blood culture, and peritoneal fluid. RESULTS: The most common bacteria isolated from patients admitted to our Intensive Care Unit was Klebsiella pneumoniae, followed by Acinetobacter baumanii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gram-positive cocci (Enterococcus faecium and Staphilococcus aureus) were rarely isolated. Most of the bacteria isolated were MDR bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: The rise of antibiotic and antimicrobial resistance among strains in the nosocomial environment and especially in Intensive Care Units raises serious concerns about limited treatment options.

2.
Microorganisms ; 12(4)2024 Mar 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38674628

RESUMO

The worldwide increase of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria is a global threat. The emergence and global spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase- (KPC-) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae represent a particular concern. This pathogen has increased resistance and abilities to persist in human reservoirs, in hospital environments, on medical devices, and to generate biofilms. Mortality related to this microorganism is high among immunosuppressed oncological patients and those with multiple hospitalizations and an extended stay in intensive care. There is a severe threat posed by the ability of biofilms to grow and resist antibiotics. Various nanotechnology-based strategies have been studied and developed to prevent and combat serious health problems caused by biofilm infections. The aim of this review was to evaluate the implications of nanotechnology in eradicating biofilms with KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, one of the bacteria most frequently associated with nosocomial infections in intensive care units, including in our department, and to highlight studies presenting the potential applicability of TiO2 nanocomposite materials in hospital practice. We also described the frequency of the presence of bacterial biofilms on medical surfaces, devices, and equipment. TiO2 nanocomposite coatings are one of the best long-term options for antimicrobial efficacy due to their biocompatibility, stability, corrosion resistance, and low cost; they find their applicability in hospital practice due to their critical antimicrobial role for surfaces and orthopedic and dental implants. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has recently classified titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) as possibly carcinogenic. Currently, there is an interest in the ecological, non-toxic synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles via biological methods. Biogenic, non-toxic nanoparticles have remarkable properties due to their biocompatibility, stability, and size. Few studies have mentioned the use of nanoparticle-coated surfaces as antibiofilm agents. A literature review was performed to identify publications related to KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms and antimicrobial TiO2 photocatalytic nanocomposite coatings. There are few reviews on the antibacterial and antibiofilm applications of TiO2 photocatalytic nanocomposite coatings. TiO2 nanoparticles demonstrated marked antibiofilm activity, but being nano in size, these nanoparticles can penetrate cell membranes and may initiate cellular toxicity and genotoxicity. Biogenic TiO2 nanoparticles obtained via green, ecological technology have less applicability but are actively investigated.

3.
J Pers Med ; 14(2)2024 Feb 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38392638

RESUMO

Hydatid cyst disease is a parasitic ailment with an endemic nature, predominantly affecting geographical areas with a tradition in animal husbandry. The most common localization of hydatid disease is in the liver (60%), followed by the lungs, with other organ localizations comprising less than 10%. The surgical approach to this condition can be carried out through open surgery or laparoscopy. The coexistence of hepatic and intraperitoneal hydatidosis often leads to the preference for open surgery. We performed a literature review aiming to retrieve data regarding demographic characteristics, clinical features, preoperative management, and surgical approach concerning these unusual localizations of hydatid disease. It was observed that the mesenteric localization frequently presented with acute abdominal pain (p = 0.038) and that the open approach was preferred in 85.71% of cases. Furthermore, an interdependence was identified between the localization of the cysts and the type of surgical approach (p = 0.001), with mesenteric localizations being approached through laparotomy and excision (p = 0.037), while omental localizations, due to the easier approach, benefited from laparoscopy with excision in 14.29% of cases. Overall, the laparoscopic approach was less frequently used, but its utilization resulted in a lower number of complications and faster recovery. Additionally, we present a rare case of hepatic and intra-abdominal hydatidosis, resolved exclusively through a laparoscopic approach, including a review of the literature for these uncommon localizations of hydatid disease. A 45-year-old patient diagnosed with multiple hydatid cysts, both hepatic and intraperitoneal, underwent surgical intervention with exploratory laparoscopy. Laparoscopic excision of peritoneal, epiploic, mesenteric cysts, and round ligament, along with laparoscopic inactivation, evacuation, and pericystectomy of hepatic hydatid cysts, was performed. The patient's recovery was uneventful, and she was reevaluated at 3 and 9 months without signs of recurrence. The association of hepatic hydatid cysts with multiple intra-abdominal localizations is not commonly encountered. The treatment of choice is surgical and is predominantly conducted through open surgery. The presented case is unique due to the exclusive laparoscopic approach in the management of mixed hepatic and intra-abdominal hydatidosis.

4.
Antibiotics (Basel) ; 13(2)2024 Feb 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38391530

RESUMO

Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive bacteria that causes nosocomial infections, significantly impacting public health. In the present study, we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes, and relationship between antibiotic exposure and Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in patients based on reports from two databases. Thus, we conducted a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with CDI from Sibiu County Clinical Emergency Hospital (SCCEH), Romania, followed by a descriptive analysis based on spontaneous reports submitted to the EudraVigilance (EV) database. From 1 January to 31 December 2022, we included 111 hospitalized patients with CDI from SCCEH. Moreover, 249 individual case safety reports (ICSRs) from EVs were analyzed. According to the data collected from SCCEH, CDI was most frequently reported in patients aged 65-85 years (66.7%) and in females (55%). In total, 71.2% of all patients showed positive medical progress. Most cases were reported in the internal medicine (n = 30, 27%), general surgery (n = 26, 23.4%), and infectious disease (n = 22, 19.8%) departments. Patients were most frequently exposed to ceftriaxone (CFT) and meropenem (MER). Also, in the EV database, most CDI-related ADRs were reported for CFT, PIP/TAZ (piperacillin/tazobactam), MER, and CPX (ciprofloxacin). Understanding the association between previous antibiotic exposure and the risk of CDI may help update antibiotic stewardship protocols and reduce the incidence of CDI by lowering exposure to high-risk antibiotics.

5.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel) ; 16(11)2023 Nov 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38004450

RESUMO

The Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium Clostridioides difficile (CD) can produce intense exotoxins, contributing to nosocomial infections, and it is the most common cause of health-care-associated infectious diarrhea. Based on spontaneous Individual Case Safety Reports from EudraVigilance (EV), we conducted a descriptive analysis of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) cases that reported a spontaneous adverse reaction related to using ceftriaxone, colistimethate, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, linezolid, meropenem, and piperacillin/tazobactam. Most ADR reports registered in EV that were related to CDI were associated with ceftriaxone (33%), ciprofloxacin (28%), and piperacillin/tazobactam (21%). Additionally, the disproportionality analysis performed showed that all studied antibiotics had a lower reporting probability when compared to clindamycin. A causal relationship between a drug and the occurrence of an adverse reaction cannot be established from EV data alone because the phenomena of underreporting, overreporting, and reporting bias may affect the results. Based on the analysis of the collected data, this study underlines the importance of surveillance and monitoring programs for the consumption of antibiotics. Furthermore, it is essential to use standardized laboratory tests to define CDI's nature accurately. To prevent this infection, specialists should collaborate and adhere strictly to antibiotic stewardship programs, hygiene practices, and isolation protocols.

6.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 59(6)2023 May 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37374262

RESUMO

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is one of the most severe complications of critically ill patients that need mechanical respiratory support, as it poses a significant risk of prolonging hospitalization, disability, and even death. This is why physicians worldwide target newer methods for prevention, early diagnosis, and early target treatment for this condition. There are few methods for a quick etiological diagnosis of pneumonia, especially point of care, and most are only readily available in some intensive care units. This is why a new, simple, and cheap method is needed for determining the bacteria that might be infectious in a particular patient. The manner in question is sonication. Method: In this prospective, observational, single-center study, endotracheal cannula specimens will be collected from at least 100 patients in our intensive care unit. This specimen will be submitted to a specific sonication protocol for bacteria to dislodge the biofilm inside the cannula. The resulting liquid will be seeded on growth media, and then a comparison will be made between the germs in the biofilm and the ones in the tracheal secretion of the patient. The primary purpose is to determine the bacteria before the appearance of a manifest infection.


Assuntos
Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica , Humanos , Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica/microbiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Sonicação/efeitos adversos , Cânula/efeitos adversos , Intubação Intratraqueal/efeitos adversos , Bactérias , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Biofilmes
7.
In Vivo ; 37(4): 1914-1919, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37369472

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) may be the first manifestation ("de novo") of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) or a complication in the clinical course of patients known to have this syndrome. Approximately 40% of patients had an associated autoimmune disease, mainly, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The trigger can be one of the following: infections, surgical interventions, neoplasms, pregnancy, discontinuation of anticoagulant treatment, and others. CAPS is a medical emergency in which early identification and prompt initiation of aggressive therapy is extremely important. According to the Guidelines for the use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice developed by the American Society for Apheresis (ASFA), last updated in April 2023, in CAPS, the indication for therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is category I, grade 2C. CASE REPORT: We present a case of probable CAPS secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in an elderly patient in whom clinical and biological improvement was achieved through a multidisciplinary approach and prompt initiation of TPE. Because TPE is considered first-line therapy in CAPS, we initiated the procedure as soon as the attending rheumatologist raised this suspicion. Four plasmapheresis sessions were performed in the Intensive Care Unit. We used TPE by membrane filtration. Following the therapeutic intervention with TPE, corticotherapy (Solumedrol in puls-therapy), cyclophosphamide and anticoagulant treatment, the evolution was favourable, with clinical and biological improvement. CONCLUSION: The prompt initiation of TPE, because of the suspicion of CAPS, increases the chances of a favourable evolution.


Assuntos
Síndrome Antifosfolipídica , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico , Humanos , Idoso , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/diagnóstico , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/terapia , Síndrome Antifosfolipídica/complicações , Troca Plasmática , Doença Catastrófica/terapia , Plasmaferese , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/diagnóstico , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/terapia , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico
8.
Antibiotics (Basel) ; 12(5)2023 May 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37237821

RESUMO

Antimicrobial resistance is considered one of the major threats to public health and is an important factor that influences the patient's outcome in the intensive care unit. Pharmacovigilance can help raise awareness of potential drug resistance (DR) or ineffectiveness (DI) through adverse drug reaction reports that are submitted to different spontaneous reporting systems. Based on spontaneous Individual Case Safety Reports from EudraVigilance, we conducted a descriptive analysis of adverse drug reactions associated with meropenem, colistin, and linezolid, with a focus on DR and DI. Of the total adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported for each analyzed antibiotic by 31 December 2022, between 2.38-8.42% and 4.15-10.14% of the reports were related to DR and DI, respectively. A disproportionality analysis was conducted to evaluate the frequency of reporting adverse drug reactions relevant to the DR and DI of the analyzed antibiotics compared to other antimicrobials. Based on the analysis of the collected data, this study underlines the importance of post-marketing drug safety monitoring in raising a warning signal regarding antimicrobial resistance, thereby potentially contributing to the reduction in antibiotic treatment failure in an intensive care setting.

9.
In Vivo ; 36(3): 1342-1348, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35478150

RESUMO

BACKGROUND/AIM: Convalescent plasma collected from COVID-19 survivors contains antibodies against receptor binding domains with potent antiviral activity. The use of this therapy for COVID-19 is still under investigation, as the pathophysiological and immunological mechanisms responsible for the evolution of the disease have not been fully identified. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective observational study, we included all patients with a confirmed SARS-Cov-2 infection based on positive RT-PCR testing, who received convalescent plasma treatment in addition to standard therapy, between 17.05.2020 and 27.11.2020, following hospitalization in the Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit of the Sibiu County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Romania. RESULTS: Convalescent plasma therapy of patients with SARS-Cov-2 infection and severe forms of the disease (requiring only high-flow oxygen therapy or non-invasive ventilation) significantly improved inflammatory markers (CRP, fibrinogen) and ventilatory parameters (SaO2, paO2, paO2/FiO2) reducing the need of supplemental oxygen delivery (p<0.05). Other factors that had a significant influence on the outcome were age and comorbidity. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory markers and ventilatory parameters were significantly improved and the need of supplemental oxygen delivery was reduced in COVID-19 patients treated with convalescent plasma.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , COVID-19/terapia , Humanos , Imunização Passiva , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Oxigênio , SARS-CoV-2 , Soroterapia para COVID-19
10.
Kardiochir Torakochirurgia Pol ; 12(2): 119-25, 2015 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26336493

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Surgical treatment of toracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) represents a difficult problem for the vascular surgeon and may become a formidable challenge in an emergency procedure. In patient with hemodynamic instability, protective measures as cerebral spinal fluid drainage and bio-pump against spinal cord, visceral and renal ischemia, may be ineffective or impracticable. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We report our experience of 51 emergency-operated patients with TAAA out of 660 treated between 1994 and 2014; 48 patients (94%) were hemodynamically unstable, 3 (6%) were hemodynamically stable. The TAAA patients were evaluated, according to Crawford classification, as: 18 type I, 13 type II, 15 type III, 5 type IV. RESULTS: Overall mortality was 23 cases out of 51 (43.1%); 8 deaths occurred during the surgical procedure and 14 in the postoperative period. Early deaths, subdivided by Crawford TAAA classification, were: type I 9/18 (50%), type II 9/13 (69.2%), type III 7/15 (46.6%), type IV 3/5 (60%). Paraplegia-paraparesis developed in 6 cases out of 43 (16.2%), excluding 8 deaths during the operative procedure. Acute renal failure was observed in 8 out of 43 patients (18.6%). Dialysis was found to be a risk factor for hospital mortality (p = 0.03). Pulmonary insufficiency was diagnosed in 15 patients out of 43 (34.8%), and 5 patients (15.5%) needed tracheostomy, out of whom 3 died (p = 0.04%). Postoperative bleeding was present in 8 cases out of 43 (18.6%). Inferior laryngeal nerve palsy was present in 6 cases out of 43 (13.5%). The follow-up period comprised 1-3-5-10 years postoperative follow-up. The actuarial survival rate of patients discharged from hospital was respectively 75%, 63%, 48%, 35%. CONCLUSIONS: In the literature there are very few studies published on emergency treatment for TAAA. Having usually low numbers of patients in the groups wider experiences are still needed to give more light on the pathophysiology and surgical treatment of this type of TAAA, which are still being treated according to the individual surgeon's experience.

SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...